scholarly journals Abuse and neglect in children with disabilities: risk varies by type of disability

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Maclean ◽  
Scott Sims ◽  
Melanie Hansen ◽  
Helen Leonard ◽  
Jenny Bourke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Parental Mental Health ◽  
Out Of Home Care ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Western Australian

ABSTRACT ObjectivesTo examine the risk of abuse and neglect for children with different types of disabilities taking into account other existing adversities, including socioeconomic disadvantage, parental mental health issues, etc. ApproachPopulation based record linkage study of all children born between 1990-2010 utilising the Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies, the Intellectual Disabilities Exploring Answers database, Health data and Child Protection data. ResultsAfter taking into account existing adversities intellectual disability was associated with the highest risk of a child maltreatment allegation and entering out-of-home care. Further results include risk by level of intellectual disability and causes of disability. ConclusionDifferent disabilities are associated with differing risk of child maltreatment and child protection involvement. Groups that are considered at higher risk require services to identify and address the support needs of this group and determine how prevention and early intervention can lower the risk for child abuse and neglect in this vulnerable group.

scholarly journals Australian Foster Carers’ Views and Concerns Regarding Maternal Drug Use and the Safety of Breastmilk

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Stacy Blythe ◽  
Kath Peters ◽  
Emma Elcombe ◽  
Elaine Burns ◽  
Karleen Gribble
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Child Protection Workers ◽  
Out Of Home Care ◽  
Maternal Caregiving ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Major Factors

Parental substance misuse and mental health issues are major factors associated with infant placement into out-of-home care. Such placements may result in disruption and/or cessation of breastfeeding. Provision of breastmilk to infants in out-of-home care (OOHC) is desirable in terms of infant health and development, and also in supporting maternal caregiving. However, little is known about how breastfeeding is supported for infants in out-of-home care. This study used an online survey to explore the facilitation of breastfeeding in the context of OOHC and foster carers’ management of expressed breastmilk (EBM). Foster carers were generally open to the idea of maternal breastfeeding and infants in their care receiving EBM from their mothers. However, the majority of respondents expressed concern regarding the safety of EBM for infant consumption due to the possibility of harmful substances in the milk. Concerns regarding the safety of handling EBM were also prevalent. These concerns caused foster carers to discard EBM. Findings suggest foster carers’ may lack knowledge related to maternal substance use and breastmilk. Better integration between health care and social service systems, where the voices of mothers, foster carers and child protection workers are heard, is necessary to develop solutions enabling infants living in OOHC access to their mother’s breastmilk.

scholarly journals The Emergence of Child Protection Capacities in Oman

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Shamsa S. Al Balushi ◽  
Gillian Morantz ◽  
Geoffrey Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Health It ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Basic Reference ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Keywords Child

Child Maltreatment (CM) is the abuse and neglect of children under the age of 18 years. It has many types which results in actual or potential harm to the child’s health. It is a widespread phenomenon and is well reported from western countries in contrast with the gulf countries. Reports documenting CM from Oman are now available. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the state and the patterns of Child Maltreatment in Oman. It will also addresses the current Child Protection System (CPS) in Oman and the sociocultural considerations . The study was conducted by reviewing all relevant medical literature published in English before 2020. It will serve as a basic reference in the field of CM in Oman. It should help to identify lacunas in the current CPS, and guide to the establishment of a more effective one. Keywords: Child Maltreatment; Child Protection System; Oman.

scholarly journals Kinship Care and Child Protection in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110360
Author(s):  
Nutmeg Hallett ◽  
Joanna Garstang ◽  
Julie Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Kinship Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Income ◽  
Out Of Home Care ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

Kinship care is a global phenomenon with a long history, which in high-income countries (HICs) at least, is being increasingly formalized through legislation and policy. There are many benefits to kinship care, including improved child mental health and well-being when compared to other types of out-of-home care. Despite this, kinship care is not without its risks with a lack of support and training for kinship carers putting children at an increased risk of abuse and neglect. This scoping review was conducted across 11 databases to explore the breadth and depth of the literature about abuse and neglect within kinship care in HICs and to provide initial indications about the relationship between kinship care and abuse. Of the 2,308 studies initially identified, 26 met the inclusion criteria. A majority of studies were from the United States, and most used case review methods. From the included studies, rates of re-abuse, and particularly rates of physical and sexual abuse, appear to be lower in kinship care settings when compared to other out-of-home care settings, but rates of neglect are often higher. This review has demonstrated that a small but significant number of children living in kinship care experience neglect or abuse.

Child Welfare: Overview

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Pecora
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Welfare Program ◽  
Out Of Home Care

The mission of child welfare is multifaceted and includes: (a) responding to the needs of children reported to public child-protection agencies as being abused, neglected, or at risk of child maltreatment; (b) providing children placed in out-of-home care with developmentally appropriate services; and (c) helping children find permanent homes in the least-restrictive living situations possible; and (d) providing “post-permanency” services to children so they do not return to foster care. This section describes the mission, scope, and selected issues of major child-welfare-program areas.

scholarly journals Income inequality and child welfare interventions in England and Wales

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214501
Author(s):  
Calum James Rablin Webb ◽  
Paul Bywaters ◽  
Martin Elliott ◽  
Jonathan Scourfield
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Ethnic Density ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Coefficient Estimation ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Income Data

BackgroundPrevious research has identified a relationship between income inequality and child abuse and neglect in the USA. This association has received limited exploration outside the USA.MethodsAdministrative data on child protection (CP) in 172 English and Welsh local authorities between 2013 and 2018 were combined with data on deprivation, ethnic density and education from publicly available data sources. Commercial income data were used for Gini coefficient estimation. We tested whether similar evidence for three key findings from a US study could be found in England and Wales. These included whether there was evidence of a relationship between income inequality and child maltreatment, whether this relationship was non-linear and whether this relationship varied dependent on the level of poverty.ResultsThere was a significant non-linear relationship between income inequality and state care rates in England and Wales. Predicted state care rates were higher as income inequality increased, up until around average levels where the effect flattens. However, there was no significant relationship for models predicting CP plan/register rates. Income inequality, income deprivation, ethnic density and higher education were able to explain around 75% of the variance in English and Welsh state care rates.ConclusionsThere is some evidence to support the claim of a relationship between income inequality and child maltreatment beyond the USA in England and Wales, and a case for further comparative research, but there are significant limitations in the comparability of data.

Child Maltreatment over Two Decades: Change or Continuity?

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean D. Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims ◽  
Indiana County

The increasing reports of child maltreatment during the last two decades have precipitated discussions about the degree to which these figures represent an increase in reporting or a true growth of child abuse and neglect. Using reports to child protection agencies over a 20-year period in an Indiana county, analyses suggest that there is a stability in characteristics of alleged perpetrators and victims and in the patterns of mistreatment. Shifts in the substantiation rates offer little insight for this issue, but it may be argued that the growth in reports reflects a genuine increase of abusive and neglectful behavior. Implications for abuse and neglect rates are explored.

scholarly journals Associations between Parental Mental Health and Child Maltreatment: The Importance of Family Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Vered Ben David
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Neglect ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Parental Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Diagnoses

The study expands the literature on parents’ mental health and risk of poor parenting by exploring the association between parental mental health diagnoses and types of child maltreatment among 522 parents who were adjudicated for child maltreatment by Israeli courts. The study was cross-sectional and used a manual for the content analysis of court cases. The results showed that 62% of the parents suffered from mental health problems, including emotional problems, personality disorders, mental illness or intellectual disability. Child neglect was associated with all types of mental health diagnoses for both the mothers and fathers. However, child abuse and specifically physical abuse were associated only with the mother’s mental health diagnoses. The mother’s mental illness and personality disorder predicted child neglect and the mother’s personality disorder predicted child abuse, after controlling for poverty, child’s intellectual disability and age. No mental health diagnosis of the father predicted child maltreatment. The study concluded that the effect of mental health condition is greater for mothers. A mother’s personality disorder and mental illness should raise a special concern. Screening for maternal mental health in every case involved in the child welfare system and implications of the findings for prevention of child maltreatment are discussed.

scholarly journals Vulnerability within families headed by teen and young adult mothers investigated by child welfare services in Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (8/9) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hovdestad ◽  
M. Shields ◽  
G. Williams ◽  
L. Tonmyr
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Young Mothers ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Out Of Home Care ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction Young mothers’ families are at increased risk of child maltreatment and other poor health and social outcomes. Methods Young mothers’ families are at increased risk of child maltreatment and other poor health and social outcomes. Results Twenty-six percent of young mothers were 18 years or younger. Most (68% of teen-mother families and 57% of families with a young adult mother) received social assistance as their main source of income compared with 36% of families with a mother aged 22 years or older. Teen and young adult mothers were more likely than those aged 22 or older to have childhood histories of out-of-home care (31% and 23% vs. 10%) and were more likely to have risk factors such as alcohol abuse (25% and 23% vs. 18%) and few social supports (46% and 41% vs. 37%). Secondary caregivers in families with young mothers also had more risk factors. Teen and young adult mother families were more likely to have their child placed out-of-home during the investigation (29% and 27% vs. 17%). All were equally likely to be victims of domestic violence and to have mental health issues. Conclusion Within this sample of high-risk families, young mothers’ families were more at risk than comparison families. Mothers’ youth may be a useful criterion to identify families for targeted interventions.

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