scholarly journals Emancipatory Of Legal Transendency In Indonesia: Study Of Moral Aspects In The Making Of Laws And Regulations In Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-146
Author(s):  
Triwahyuningsih Triwahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Laws And Regulations ◽  
John Austin

ABSTRACT Objectives: This paper aims to answer the question of how the relationship between law and moralism, as well as how to internalize moral principles in making laws and regulations in Indonesia. Methodology: This study used a philosophical approach that aimed to explore the relationship between law and morals from the perspective of John Austin, Kelsen, and H. L. A Hart. It also used the transcendental perspectives in exploring the importance of internalizing moral principles in making laws and regulations in Indonesia. The research method in the article used descriptive normative research methods, with interpretative data processing techniques regarding the importance of moral aspects in making laws and regulations in Indonesia. Findings: The dominance of the philosophy of positivism has broad implications. The closure of the law to morality raised by adherents of legalism, legal positivism, or reinerechtslehre does not only raise injustice everywhere but also appear with a face of totalitarian or repressive law. Law and moral relations, according to John Austin (1790-1859), are diametrically separated and tend to favor the law (the law negates morals), while Hans Kelsen and Austin place religious and moral inferiority while favoring positive law. According to Kelsen, the law deals with the form (formal), not the content (material); then, Hart tries to offer the principle of morality as a minimum legal requirement in which the pattern of the relationship is cooperative or independent dialogue. Whereas in the transcendent perspective, law and morals are in a dialogue-integrative relationship. The legislators should have spiritual intelligence; that is, they do not want to be bound and limited by existing standards but want to go beyond and transcend the existing situations (transcendental).  With spirituality, the legislators, who are in accordance with the principle, can produce laws that show the emancipatory of legal transcendency. The laws do not only humanize humans but are also oriented to moral values that originate from God. Benefit: The benefit of this paper is to be the basis for guarding moral values in making the Law, starting from the preparation and initiative for the submission of the draft law, discussion of the draft law, and approval of the draft law. Originality/novelty: Internalization of moral principles in law can produce laws that can make people happy and answer the problems of human life. At least three elements are fulfilled, namely justice, efficacy, and legal certainty. Keywords: transcendency, morals, the formation of laws

THE POSITION OF MORAL VALUES IN LAW

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Dian Latifiani ◽  
Raden Muhammad Arvy Ilyasa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Natural Law Theory ◽  
Law And Morality ◽  
The Law

Moral values in legal science are important. However, the flow of law sees a variety of moral values. This paper aims to see the position of moral values in the science of law. Legal positivism separates strictly between law and morals. According to him, there is no law other than the command of the authorities. Even extreme identifying the law (Recht) as the law (wet). Legal positivism activities are aimed at concrete problems, which are different when compared to natural law thinking which engages itself with the validation of man-made law. For adherents of natural law theory, an unjust law is not law. there is an absolute relationship between law and morality. the two cannot be separated, so the law must refer to moral principles.

scholarly journals Jhon Austin's Positivism Legal Policy: Convergence of Natural Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Arief Budiono ◽  
Dewi Iriani ◽  
Nunik Hariyani ◽  
Erma Ullul Janah
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
The Law ◽  
State Of Power ◽  
John Austin

Legal positivism is influenced by natural law from Ancient Greece, natural law comes from God to regulate human life. Humans were created by reason by God to make rules, John Austin stated that to make a rule sourced from orders or policies in the field of law by the king or parliament as the highest authority. This influenced the thinking of Hans Klesen with a pure legal theory that complies with hierarchical rules and sanctions, Hart's legal positivism explains that law comes from morals that regulate one's behavior. This paper is in the form of legal research in literature studies in the form of books and journals that discuss positivism legal policy, which is legal research, then analyzed using the John Austin doctrine. The advantage of the influence of natural law on legal positivism according to Austin is that it divides the law into two forms, namely the law from God for humans (the divine law), the law created by God for His creatures. Laws are compiled and made by humans, which consist of: Laws that are actually positive laws (properly so called), and laws that are not actually laws (improperly so called). 2. The doctrine of legal positivism, state power must be limited and controlled by law, the state must be constructed as a state of law and not a state of power. Every citizen is considered to have the same position, law enforcers to think and act legally formalistically, by placing legal justice as the goal of law.

scholarly journals Philosophical Study of Hans Kelsen's Thoughts on Law and Satjipto Rahardjo's Ideas on Progressive Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Muhammad Harun
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Philosophical Study ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Human Aspects ◽  
Hans Kelsen ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Behavior

<p>The purpose of this paper is to compare and evaluate the thoughts of Hans Kelsen with Satjipto Raharjo. Both offer their respective theories, namely Hans Kelsen's pure legal theory and Satjipto Rahardjo's progressive law. In this theory, both of them base their philosophical approach. After reviewing, the theories of these two figures are relevant for interpreting the law. This paper uses a critical paradigm with a combination of normative or doctrinal and sociological or non-doctrinal approaches. The results showed that Hans Kelsen directed his mind that legal positivism considers moral speech, values are finished and final when it comes to the formation of positive law. Pure Legal Theory is not a perfect copy of transcendental ideas, but it does not try to see the law as a posterity of justice. While Rahardjo's progressive law rests on the aspects of rules and behavior. Regulations will build a positive and rational legal system. While the behavioral or human aspects will drive the rules and systems that are built.</p><p> </p><p>Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk membandingkan dan mengevaluasi pemikiran Hans Kelsen dengan Satjipto Raharjo. Keduanya menawarkan teori masing-masing, yaitu teori hukum murni Hans Kelsen dan hukum progresif Satjipto Rahardjo. Dalam teori ini, keduanya sama-sama mendasarkan pendekatan secara filosif. Setelah dikaji, teori dari kedua tokoh ini relevan untuk memaknai hukum. Tulisan ini menggunakan paradigima kritis dengan pendekatan kombinasi normatif atau doktrinal dan sosiologis atau non doktrinal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hans Kelsen lebih mengarahkan pikirannya bahwa positivisme hukum yang menganggap pembicaraan moral, nilai-nilai telah selesai dan final manakala sampai pada pembentukan hukum positif. Teori Hukum Murni bukanlah salinan ide transendental yang sempurna, namun tidak berusaha memandang hukum sebagai anak cucu keadilan. Sementara hukum progresifnya Rahardjo bertumpu pada aspek peraturan dan perilaku (rules and behavior). Peraturan akan membangun suatu sistem hukum positif yang logis dan rasional. Sedangkan aspek perilaku atau manusia akan menggerakkan peraturan dan sistem yang dibangun. </p>

scholarly journals Philosophical Study of Hans Kelsen's Thoughts on Law and Satjipto Rahardjo's Ideas on Progressive Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Muhammad Harun
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Philosophical Study ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Human Aspects ◽  
Hans Kelsen ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Behavior

<p>The purpose of this paper is to compare and evaluate the thoughts of Hans Kelsen with Satjipto Raharjo. Both offer their respective theories, namely Hans Kelsen's pure legal theory and Satjipto Rahardjo's progressive law. In this theory, both of them base their philosophical approach. After reviewing, the theories of these two figures are relevant for interpreting the law. This paper uses a critical paradigm with a combination of normative or doctrinal and sociological or non-doctrinal approaches. The results showed that Hans Kelsen directed his mind that legal positivism considers moral speech, values are finished and final when it comes to the formation of positive law. Pure Legal Theory is not a perfect copy of transcendental ideas, but it does not try to see the law as a posterity of justice. While Rahardjo's progressive law rests on the aspects of rules and behavior. Regulations will build a positive and rational legal system. While the behavioral or human aspects will drive the rules and systems that are built.</p><p> </p><p>Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk membandingkan dan mengevaluasi pemikiran Hans Kelsen dengan Satjipto Raharjo. Keduanya menawarkan teori masing-masing, yaitu teori hukum murni Hans Kelsen dan hukum progresif Satjipto Rahardjo. Dalam teori ini, keduanya sama-sama mendasarkan pendekatan secara filosif. Setelah dikaji, teori dari kedua tokoh ini relevan untuk memaknai hukum. Tulisan ini menggunakan paradigima kritis dengan pendekatan kombinasi normatif atau doktrinal dan sosiologis atau non doktrinal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hans Kelsen lebih mengarahkan pikirannya bahwa positivisme hukum yang menganggap pembicaraan moral, nilai-nilai telah selesai dan final manakala sampai pada pembentukan hukum positif. Teori Hukum Murni bukanlah salinan ide transendental yang sempurna, namun tidak berusaha memandang hukum sebagai anak cucu keadilan. Sementara hukum progresifnya Rahardjo bertumpu pada aspek peraturan dan perilaku (rules and behavior). Peraturan akan membangun suatu sistem hukum positif yang logis dan rasional. Sedangkan aspek perilaku atau manusia akan menggerakkan peraturan dan sistem yang dibangun. </p>

scholarly journals PROSES PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PERDATA DI PENGADILAN NEGERI DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN TRANSAKSI YANG MENGGUNAKAN INTERNET

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanyoto Sanyoto ◽  
Antonius Sidik Maryono ◽  
Rahadi Wasi Bintoro
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The People ◽  
Banking Activity ◽  
Private Rights ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The growth of technological Progress make the change of pattern in  the socialize human life, and it can conduct the economic activity in the local scale, regional and also global. In the individual assocciation by using internet technology will take the relation pattern between individual which it is unlike what that happened in the real world. By the existence of internet, contractual terms between subject of law and each other without meeting (face to face), even it is enabled for subject of law not to recognizing each other. During the people conducting activity in the illusory world, especially in the private law, like commerce, agreement and also banking activity, it is enabled to take a problems such as performed in the conventional private relationship. If the consumer internet in the private activity feel their private rights are impinged and they are wish to claim their rights, so there is civil conflict.  The relationship between the individual in the transaction using internet not yet arrange peculiarly in law and regulation. But judge have to find the law and also create the law if he confronted with a dispute in the transaction using internet. Kata kunci : hakim, hukum, internet, perdagangan elektronik, tanda tangan digital

scholarly journals About John Austin’s Analytical Jurisprudence: The Empirical-Rationalist Legal Positivism

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-261
Author(s):  
Damir Banović
Keyword(s):  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Contemporary Theory ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
General Utility ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Descriptive Method

Summary This article deals with analytical jurisprudence topics presented in John Austin’s work, his predecessors, and its influence on the contemporary theory of law. The article analyses his analytical method, understanding of what the method implies, and its application in understanding law as a social phenomenon. Not only does the article analyse the law phenomenon, but it also presents his views on similar phenomena in law, such as international and constitutional law, the phenomenon of sovereignty and a sovereign, and the principle of general utility as one of the moral principles. His theory of law was one of the most significant theoretical approaches in England of the 19th century, and also constituted the baseline for new conceptions and the basis of critical analyses of later positive law theories. Moreover, his work provides a solid ground for explanations of individual branches of law, especially criminal law. Finally, the article also presents a critical analysis of his approach, useful and important findings, and the perspectives for further development of the theory of law, especially in the domain of his analytical, empirically oriented and descriptive method.

scholarly journals Law’s Autonomy and Moral Reason

Laws ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Jack Clayton Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reason ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Moral Truth ◽  
Moral Reason ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Legal Positivist ◽  
Law And Morality ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Concept Of Law

This paper intends to set out an argument to Legal Idealism and a thesis that holds law and morality as necessarily connected. My focus is on deconstructing the Positivist argument to the Autonomy Thesis and beginning to reconstruct it through the application of morality to law’s autonomous authority. My aim, ultimately, is to demonstrate how, through the concept of law, practical reason might explain the related (and overlapping) notions of legitimacy, authority, and the obligation to obey through the necessary connection of law and morality. That is, I intend to demonstrate that morality both survives and remains identifiable (transparently) following the process of metamorphosis into institutionalised practical reasoning. If this is so, the authority of and obligation to law is simultaneously a form of morally rational obligation. In the response to the Positivist argument that moral values are incommensurate, I will show that this commensurability can be determined ‘artificially’ by a system of institutionalised reasoning (i.e., the law); this is to say, if I can show that the Legal Positivist argument is left incomplete without some explanation of moral values underpinning it, I need not to show that a specific, defensible moral truth or principle is required, but that an artificial weighting of abstract moral principles is sufficient

scholarly journals ISBAT Nikah Melegalkan Pernikahan Sirri Menurut Hukum Positif Dan Hukum Agama (Studi Di Pengadilan Agama Palangka Raya)

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Sanawiah Sanawiah
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Marriage Laws ◽  
Islamic Marriage ◽  
Legal Marriage ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The purpose of this study was to find out what sirri marriage laws according to Islamic Law and Positive Law, to find harmony and marriage requirements and to find out how the role of Religious Court of Palangka Raya in socialization confirmation marriage. The method used in this research is the method of legal normative. As for the type of research used in this study is inventory regulations that related to confirmation of marriage legalized marriage sirri according to Positive Law and Religious Law. Law wedding sirri results according to Islamic Law and Positive Law, sirri marriage according to Islamic Law illegitimate because it does not have a guardian of marriage, while marriage sirri in the view of the majority of Indonesian society is marriage not recorded but the terms and illegitimate pillars have been met in accordance with Islamic Law. Meanwhile, according to the law of the wedding positive sirri is as where according to Marriage Law in Indonesia if a legal marriage in syar'i then legitimate also according to law "marriage is not recorded" is legal according to the laws and regulations because according to Islamic Marriage Law applicable in Indonesia is based on Article 2 (1) of Law No. 1 of 1974 in conjunction with Article 4 Compilation of Islamic Law (as ius constitutun) in conjunction with Article 3 bill-HM-PA-Bperkw 2007 (as ius constituendum).

scholarly journals Eksistensi Tri Hita Karana dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Hukum di Bali (Prespektif Filsafat Ilmu)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Herpin Hadat
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Clear Picture ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The existence of positive law in force in the province of Bali is influenced by the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana. This can occur because of the alignment between the values ??of life contained in Balinese society with various forms of rules that apply in general. Based on this background, it is then examined in connection with the existence of the tri hita karana philosophy as a guideline when establishing regulations and laws in the Province of Bali, which are reviewed from the perspective of the philosophy of science. This study aims to determine the existence and nature of the philosophy of tri hita karana as a guideline for establishing rules and laws in the Province of Bali both ontologically, epistemologically and axiologically. The implementation of research activities is carried out with a normative legal approach through the analysis of several legal concepts derived from various laws and regulations. From the results of the study, obtained information that there is the existence of the philosophy of tri hita karana in setting regulations and laws in the province of Bali in terms of the perspective of the philosophy of science provides a clear picture that the nature of the law born from the needs and feelings of the community in the local or customary scope can give a very big influence on the formation and validity of positive law itself to answer the legal problems faced by the community in their lives. Keberadaan dari hukum positif yang berlaku di provinsi Bali pada dasarnya dipengaruhi oleh falsafah Tri Hita Karana. Hal tersebut dapat terjadi karena adanya penyelarasan antara nilai kehidupan yang terdapat dalam masyarakat Bali dengan berbagai bentuk aturan yang berlaku secara umum. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut kemudian dikaji terkait eksistensi falsafah tri hita karana sebagai pedoman saat menetapkan peraturan dan undang-undang di Provinsi Bali yang ditinjuau dari prespektif filsafat ilmu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui eksistensi dan hakekat falsafah tri hita karana sebagai pedoman menetapkan peraturan dan undang-undang di Provinsi Bali baik secara ontologi, epistemologi dan aksiologi. Pada pelaksanaan kegiatan dari penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan hukum yang bersifat normatif melalui kegiatan analisis kepada beberapa konsep hukum yang berasal dari berbagai aturan mengenai perundang-undangan. Dari hasil penelitian, didapatkan informasi bahwa terdapat adanya eksistensi falsafah tri hita karana dalam menetapkan peraturan dan undang-undang di provinsi Bali ditinjau dari prespektif filsafat ilmu memberikan gambaran yang jelas bahwa pada hakekatnya hukum yang lahir dari kebutuhan dan perasaan masyarakat dalam lingkup lokal atau adat dapat memberikan pengaruh yang sangat besar kepada pembentukan dan keberlakuan hukum positif itu sendiri guna menjawab permasalahan hukum yang dihadapi masyarakat dalam kehidupannya.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KORBAN TINDAK KEKERASAN SEKSUAL KAUM TUNARUNGU DALAM PRESPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-228
Author(s):  
Yulianti Ningsih Cahyani ◽  
Alfa Galih Verdiantoro ◽  
Febriyanti Uma
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The Law

AbstractVictims of sexual violence against persons with disabilities need legal protection through justice or social care, legislation is one of the references in the process of handling sexual violence because so far women have had difficulty in obtaining justice. With the aim of providing Islamic law in order to realize a better and fairer human life, as well as for the recovery of victims of sexual violence so that it can be accepted in the community and discrimination is not done which can make victims more traumatized. From the research that has been done that many people with disabilities who do not know the legal protection for them to avoid violence, harassment or taking away their rights are often ignored because of physical deficiencies, the positive law lies in the fact that the law is made and can be erased from everything acts that have been done by humans and are independent of the norms themselves.Keywords: legal protection; victims of violenceAbstrakKorban kekerasan seksual pada kaum difabel memerlukan perlindungan hukum baik melalui peradilan ataupun kepedulian sosial, perundang-undangan adalah salah satu rujukan dalam proses penanganan tindak kekerasan seksual karena selama ini perempuan sulit mendapatkan keadilan. Dengan tujuan memberikan penetapan hukum islam agar dapat mewujudkan kehidupan manusia yang lebih baik dan adil, sebagaimana untuk pemulihan pada korban kekerasan seksual agar dapat diterima dimasyarakat dan tidak dilakukannya diskriminasi yang dapat membuat korban menjadi lebih trauma. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan bahwa banyak kaum difabel yang belum mengetahui perlindungan hukum kepada mereka agar terhindar dari tindak kekerasan, pelecehan atau pengambilan hak mereka yang seringkali diabaikan karena dengan adanya kekurangan fisik, dalam hukum positif terletak pada fakta bahwa hukum dibuat dan dapat dihapuskan dari segala perbuatan yang telah dilakukan oleh manusia itu dan terlepas dari norma-norma itu sendiri.Kata kunci: korban kekerasan; perlindungan hukum

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