scholarly journals Das proporções à proporcionalidade: o impacto crucial ou hegemonia da regra de três

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 769-809
Author(s):  
Ousmane Alpha ◽  
Saddo Ag Almouloud
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Dominant Model ◽  
Anthropological Theory ◽  
Rule Of Three ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Many ◽  
Modern Mathematics

ResumoEste artigo de cunho teórico-documental tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a proporcionalidade, embasada nas abordagens ecológica e praxeológica, realizada em livros didáticos e currículos da república do Mali. Especificamente, por meio das várias mudanças ocorridas no período de 1960 a 2020, evidenciamos como alguns aspectos da proporcionalidade podem ter nascido, outros desaparecido, e como alguns outros puderam resistir à mudança. De forma mais específica ainda, analisamos qual era o papel da regra de três durante o período analisado, baseando-nos na abordagem ecológica, na teoria antropológica do didático e na tese de doutorado do primeiro autor. Por meio da análise de currículos e livros didáticos, constatamos que a regra de três continua sendo o modelo dominante no tratamento da proporcionalidade. De fato, de 1960 a 2020, a regra de três teve papel importante no tratamento de problemas de proporção e proporcionalidade. Aparece como a ferramenta essencial para resolver esses problemas (também nomeados em textos oficiais e manuais de "problemas de regra de três"). Apropria-se, assim, do ambiente que permite que as noções de proporção e proporcionalidade vivam e se autoalimentem. Isso reduziu o escopo de outras técnicas para testar a proporcionalidade de uma situação, apesar das muitas ferramentas disponíveis como técnicas, sem a necessidade do apelo à regra de três. A conceituação da proporcionalidade está intimamente ligada à compreensão da seguinte tecnologia: “Duas grandezas relacionadas são consideradas proporcionais se a multiplicação de um valor por um número em uma das duas grandezas leva à multiplicação do valor ligado pelo mesmo número na outra”. Uma vez dominada essa definição, por meio de resolução de problemas de proporcionalidade e de não proporcionalidade, podemos nos concentrar em tabelas, coeficientes, aditividade e aspectos lineares. Essas tabelas são artefatos que foram introduzidos com o advento da matemática moderna para permitir que os alunos vejam o aspecto linear da relação de proporcionalidade.Palavras-chave: Proporcionalidade, Ecologia didática, Praxeologias matemáticas, Praxeologias didáticas, Regra de três.AbstractThis theoretical-documentary article aims to present the results of a research on proportionality, based on ecological and praxeological approaches, carried out on textbooks and curricula of the Republic of Mali. Specifically, through the various changes that took place from 1960 to 2020, we show how some aspects of proportionality may have been born, others disappeared, and how some others could have resisted changes. More specifically, we analysed the role of the rule of three during that period, based on the ecological approach, the anthropological theory of the didactic and the doctoral dissertation of the first author. Through the analysis of curricula and textbooks, we found that the rule of three remains the dominant model in the treatment of proportionality. In fact, from 1960 to 2020, the rule of three played an important role in addressing problems of proportion and proportionality. It appears as the essential tool to solve these problems (also named in official texts and manuals of "rule of three problems"). Thus, it appropriates the environment that allows the notions of proportion and proportionality to live and self-feed. This reduced the scope of other techniques to test the proportionality of a situation, despite the many tools available as techniques without the need to appeal to the rule of three. The concept of proportionality is intricately linked to the understanding of the following technology: “Two related quantities are considered proportional if the multiplication of a value by a number in one of the two quantities leads to the multiplication of the value connected to the other by the same number.” Once this definition has been mastered, by solving problems of proportionality and non-proportionality, we can focus on tables, coefficients, additivity and linear aspects. These tables are artifacts that were introduced with the advent of modern mathematics to allow students to see the linear aspect of the proportionality relationship.Keywords: Proportionality, Didactic ecology, Mathematical praxeologies, Didactic praxeologies, Rule of three.ResumenEste artículo teórico-documental tiene como objetivo presentar los resultados de una investigación sobre proporcionalidad, basada en enfoques ecológicos y praxeológicos, realizada en libros didácticos y planes de estudio de la República de Mali. En concreto, a través de los diversos cambios que se produjeron entre 1960 y 2020, mostramos cómo algunos aspectos de la proporcionalidad pudieron haber nacido, otros desaparecieron y cómo algunos otros pudieron haber resistido los cambios. Más concretamente aún, analizamos el papel de la regla de tres durante ese período, a partir del enfoque ecológico, la teoría antropológica de la didáctica y la tesis doctoral del primer autor. A través del análisis de planes de estudio y libros didácticos, encontramos que la regla de tres sigue siendo el modelo dominante en el tratamiento de la proporcionalidad. De hecho, de 1960 a 2020, la regla de tres jugó un papel importante al abordar los problemas de proporción y proporcionalidad. Aparece como la herramienta imprescindible para solucionar estos problemas (también nombrada en los textos oficiales y manuales de "regla de los tres problemas"). Así, se apropia del entorno que permite que las nociones de proporción y proporcionalidad vivan y se autoalimenten. Esto redujo el alcance de otras técnicas para probar la proporcionalidad de una situación, a pesar de las muchas herramientas disponibles como técnicas sin la necesidad de apelar a la regla de tres. El concepto de proporcionalidad está estrechamente relacionado con la comprensión de la siguiente tecnología: “Dos cantidades relacionadas se consideran proporcionales si la multiplicación de un valor por un número en una de las dos cantidades conduce a la multiplicación del valor conectado por el mismo número en el otro”. Una vez dominada esta definición, resolviendo problemas de proporcionalidad y no proporcionalidad, podemos centrarnos en tablas, coeficientes, aditividad y aspectos lineales. Estas tablas son artefactos que se introdujeron con la llegada de las matemáticas modernas para permitir a los estudiantes ver el aspecto lineal de la relación de proporcionalidad.Palabras clave: Proporcionalidad, Ecología didáctica, Praxeologías matemáticas, Praxeologías didácticas, Regla de tres

Lepanto and Beyond

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Media Campaign ◽  
Scholarly Discussion ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Many

The Battle of Lepanto, celebrated as the greatest triumph of Christendom over its Ottoman enemy, was soon transformed into a powerful myth through a vast media campaign. Lepanto – or rather, the varied storytelling and the many visual representations that contributed to shape the perception of the battle in Christian Europe – is the main focus of this book. In a broader perspective, Lepanto and Beyond also gathers reflections on the construction of religious alterity and offers analyses of specific case studies taken from different fields, investigating the figure of the Muslim captive in reality, artistic depiction, and literature. With different themes related to the Republic of Genoa, the authors also aim to redress a perceived imbalance and to restore the important role of the Genoese in the general scholarly discussion on Lepanto and its images.

scholarly journals Prespective and Implementative of The Basis of The Single Prosecution System of The Prosecution of The Prosecution Bill

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Priandhika Abadi Noer
Keyword(s):  
The Republic ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right

 Revision of Law no. 16 of 2004 concerning the Republic of Indonesia Attorney General's Office is a necessity because of the many changes that have occurred in the field. would replace Law no. 16 of 2004 is the right moment to encourage the Ago to do better. "Change is a necessity. Likewise in legislation, " ini this research concern about the duties and powers of the Prosecutor's Office in the draft law on the prosecutor's office. namely Guidelines on The Role of Prosecutors which serve as guidelines and inspire in the amendment of this Law, especially matters relating to independence in Prosecution, Accountability in Case Handling, Standards of Professionalism, and Protection for Prosecutors. If the Prosecution Bill becomes the new Prosecutor's Law, justice seekers will place the foundation of justice on the prosecutor, so that the prosecution process starting from investigation, investigation, prosecution and execution will optimally realize substantial truth and justice.

scholarly journals Rajab Kaplanovich Islambekov (on the occasion of his 70th birthday)

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-45
Author(s):  
Journal Problems of endocrinology
Keyword(s):  
Graduate School ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
70Th Birthday ◽  
Endemic Goiter ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Lenin Prize

70 years have passed since the birth of the famous scientist endocrinologist - consultant of the Endocrinological Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Lenin Prize laureate, Honored Scientist of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Rajab Kaplanovich Islamambekov. R.K. Islambekov in 1947 graduated from the Tashkent Medical Institute, and in 1950 - graduate school. R.K. Islambekov was one of the organizers of the Institute of Regional Medicine (now the Institute of Endocrinology) in Tashkent, where he worked for 18 years - first the head of the laboratory, then the head of the endocrinology department and the director of the institute. In 1961 he defended his doctoral dissertation "Clinical and morphological study of endemic goiter." R.K. Islambekov is a talented scientist whose scientific interests are concentrated in the field of physiology and pathology of the thyroid gland, problems of endemic goiter. He is one of the pioneers of introducing in the USSR methods of diagnosing and treating thyroid diseases with radioactive iodine. R. K. Islambekov proposed and substantiated the concept of the role of iodine and other trace elements in the multifactorial etiology of endemic goiter, on the basis of which a drug was created for the prevention and treatment of endemic goiter. R.K.Islambekov is the organizer of many expeditions to study the etiology, pathogenesis, and prevalence of endemic goiter in Uzbekistan, to conduct mass iodine prophylaxis, as a result of which the incidence of endemic goiter in this region has sharply decreased.

scholarly journals O ensino de probabilidade na licenciatura em matemática: considerações para um modelo epistemológico de referênciaThe Teaching of Probability in the Degree in Mathematics: considerations for an epistemological model of reference

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
José Luiz Cavalcante ◽  
Anna Paula Avelar Brito Lima ◽  
Vladimir Lira Veras Xavier de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Mathematics Teaching ◽  
Mathematics Teacher Education ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
Anthropological Theory ◽  
Epistemological Model ◽  
Object Of Knowledge

ResumoNeste artigo discutimos uma proposta de modelo epistemológico de referência (MER) para o ensino de probabilidade na licenciatura em matemática. A proposta é parte dos resultados da tese de doutoramento do primeiro autor, que buscou caracterizar o lugar do sujeito psicológico na teoria antropológica do didático (TAD). A tese analisa o funcionamento de um sistema didático no qual o objeto de saber era a probabilidade e suas noções. O MER cumpre a função de apresentar criticamente uma alternativa aos processos de ensino existentes numa dada realidade institucional. Usando as ferramentas da TAD, observamos que a ecologia em torno da probabilidade na instituição analisada não levava em consideração as demandas formativas dos futuros professores, corroborando os apontamentos de pesquisas no âmbito nacional e internacional. O resultado dessa análise foi a construção da proposta que assume como pilares as questões epistemológicas, didáticas e psicológicas que envolvem o conceito de probabilidade na formação de professores.Palavras-chave: Modelo epistemológico de referência (MER), Teoria antropológica do didático (TAD), Formação de professores de matemática, Probabilidade e estatística.AbstractThis article discusses a reference epistemological model (REM) proposal for teaching probability in mathematics teaching degree. The proposal is part of the results of the first author’s doctoral dissertation that sought to characterise the place of the psychological subject in the anthropological theory of the didactic (ATD). The dissertation analyses the functioning of a didactic system where probability was the object of knowledge. The REM fulfils the role of critically presenting an alternative to the existing teaching processes in a given institutional reality. Using the ATD tools, we observed that the ecology around probability in the institution analysed did not take into account the formative demands of the prospective teachers, corroborating the research notes at national and international levels. The result of this analysis was the construction of the proposal that takes as its pillars the epistemological, didactic, and psychological issues that involve the concept of probability in teacher education.Keywords: Reference epistemological model (REM), Anthropological theory of the didactic (ATD), Mathematics teacher education, Probability and statistics.ResumenEn este artículo presentamos una propuesta para un modelo epistemológico de referencia (MER) para la enseñanza de probabilidad en la licenciatura en matemáticas. La propuesta es parte de los resultados de la tesis doctoral del primer autor, que buscó caracterizar el lugar del sujeto psicológico en la teoría antropológica de lo didáctico (TAD). La tesis analiza el desenrollar de un sistema didáctico en el que el objeto del conocimiento era la probabilidad y sus nociones. El MER cumple la función de presentar críticamente una alternativa a los procesos de enseñanza existentes en una realidad institucional dada. Utilizando las herramientas TAD, observamos que la ecología en torno de la probabilidad en la institución analizada no llevaba en cuenta las demandas de capacitación de los futuros docentes, corroborando las notas de investigación a nivel nacional e internacional. El resultado de este análisis fue la construcción de una propuesta que toma como pilares las preguntas epistemológicas, didácticas y psicológicas que involucran el concepto de probabilidad en la formación docente.Palabras clave: Modelo epistemológico de referencia (MER), teoría antropológica de la didáctica (TAD), Formación del profesorado de matemáticas, Probabilidad y estadística.

Meelopen met de regievoerders

KWALON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Cleton
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Many ◽  
Going Native

‘Going along’ with caseworkers? About negotiating boundaries between participating in and observing undocumented migrants’ return trajectories in the Netherlands This paper deals with reflections on conducting participant observation among a group of migration officials in the Netherlands who are in charge of ensuring the voluntary and forced departure of undocumented migrants. In particular, I discuss the many difficulties associated with the ethnographer’s dual role of becoming both an insider, while still remaining a critical outsider. The essay first of all touches upon issues of how to (if at all) gain a value-free outlook of the lifeworld of highly politicized officials, especially if they seem to hold ideologies contradictory to your own. At the same time, the paper discusses the dangers of becoming an insider, particularly if this means losing sight of one’s critical viewpoint. I discuss some contentious moments during my fieldwork and analysis of data, which almost led me to going native. The paper argues for the importance of detachment from your informants and ends with some suggestions on how to deal with the aforementioned issues

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

The future role of the psychiatrist in Europe – a UEMS perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.

John Cranko's Antigone (1959): A Ballet Lost and Found

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Henrietta Bannerman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jean Racine ◽  
World War ◽  
Martha Graham ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Lost And Found ◽  
The Many ◽  
Tragic Drama ◽  
The Relationship

John Cranko's dramatic and theatrically powerful Antigone (1959) disappeared from the ballet repertory in 1966 and this essay calls for a reappraisal and restaging of the work for 21st century audiences. Created in a post-World War II environment, and in the wake of appearances in London by the Martha Graham Company and Jerome Robbins’ Ballets USA, I point to American influences in Cranko's choreography. However, the discussion of the Greek-themed Antigone involves detailed consideration of the relationship between the ballet and the ancient dramas which inspired it, especially as the programme notes accompanying performances emphasised its Sophoclean source but failed to recognise that Cranko mainly based his ballet on an early play by Jean Racine. As Antigone derives from tragic drama, the essay investigates catharsis, one of the many principles that Aristotle delineated in the Poetics. This well-known effect is produced by Greek tragedies but the critics of the era complained about its lack in Cranko's ballet – views which I challenge. There is also an investigation of the role of Antigone, both in the play and in the ballet, and since Cranko created the role for Svetlana Beriosova, I reflect on memories of Beriosova's interpretation supported by more recent viewings of Edmée Wood's 1959 film.

The Many Voices of Lydia Davis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Evans
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Marcel Proust ◽  
Gustave Flaubert ◽  
Maurice Blanchot ◽  
Literary Production ◽  
American Writer ◽  
Michel Leiris ◽  
The Many

The Many Voices of Lydia Davis shows how translation, rewriting and intertextuality are central to the work of Lydia Davis, a major American writer, translator and essayist. Winner of the Man Booker International Prize 2013, Davis writes innovative short stories that question the boundaries of the genre. She is also an important translator of French writers such as Maurice Blanchot, Michel Leiris, Marcel Proust and Gustave Flaubert. Translation and writing go hand-in-hand in Davis’s work. Through a series of readings of Davis’s major translations and her own writing, this book investigates how Davis’s translations and stories relate to each other, finding that they are inextricably interlinked. It explores how Davis uses translation - either as a compositional tool or a plot device - and other instances of rewriting in her stories, demonstrating that translation is central for understanding her prose. Understanding how Davis’s work complicates divisions between translating and other forms of writing highlights the role of translation in literary production, questioning the received perception that translation is less creative than other forms of writing.

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