Indication of hydrocarbon migration in the Western Mecsek Mountains evidenced by fluid inclusion chemostratigraphy

Primary and secondary hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusion (HCFI) assemblages occur in the Middle Triassic Lapis Limestone in the Szuadó Valley of the Western Mecsek Mts. The primary HCFIs were trapped in saddle dolomite crystals, and the secondary HCFIs were enclosed in calcite neospar and fracture-filling calcite. Solid bitumen is also present along fractures. The volatile compounds liberated from fluid inclusions are characterized by non-hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon species. The fluorescent properties of HCFIs, the occurrence of the solid bitumen, as well as the composition of inclusion oils indicate the migration of light oils through the Lapis Limestone. Petrographic observations suggest a prolonged oil charge event, which resulted in HCFIs beeing trapped under evolving diagenetic conditions.

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Formation of emeralds at pegmatite-ultramafic contacts based on fluid inclusions in Kianjavato emerald, Mananjary deposits, Madagascar

Mineralogical Magazine ◽

10.1180/0026461067020320 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 141-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ye. Vapnik ◽

I. Moroz ◽

M. Roth ◽

I. Eliezri

Keyword(s):

Fluid Inclusion ◽

Fluid Inclusions ◽

East Coast ◽

Fluid Inclusion Data ◽

Pan African ◽

Probe Analysis ◽

Raman Probe

AbstractKianjavato emerald (Mananjary deposits, East coast of Madagascar) was formed during metasomatic processes at the contact between pegmatites and hornblendites. The metasomatic exchange was related to a Pan-African tectonometamorphic event.Fluid inclusions in the Kianjavato emerald and quartz were studied by means of microthermometry and Raman probe analysis. Three main types of inclusions were revealed: CO2-rich, CH4-rich and aqueous-rich, with a salinity of ∼2 wt.% NaCl equiv. The inclusions occurred along the same primary and pseudosecondary trails and were considered to be formed simultaneously. Based on fluid-inclusion data, the conditions of emerald growth were 250°C < T < 450°C and P = 1.5 kbar.The fluid inclusion data for Kianjavato emerald were compared to the data for another Madagascar emerald, Ianapera. The latter is of similar age, but its genesis was determined by a shearing event. Our fluid inclusion data suggested that shearing was also important as a mechanism of introducing CO2-rich fluid for the genesis of the Kianjavato emerald.

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Fluid Evolution of Fuzishan Skarn Cu-Mo Deposit from the Edong District in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt of China: Evidence from Petrography, Mineral Assemblages, and Fluid Inclusions

Geofluids ◽

10.1155/2018/9402526 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Lu Zhang ◽

Shao-Yong Jiang ◽

Suo-Fei Xiong ◽

Deng-Fei Duan

Keyword(s):

Fluid Inclusion ◽

Fluid Inclusions ◽

Yangtze River ◽

Homogenization Temperature ◽

Lithostatic Pressure ◽

Lower Permian ◽

Fluid Evolution ◽

Metallogenic Belt ◽

Lower Yangtze ◽

Vapor Liquid

The Fuzishan Cu-Mo deposit is located in the Edong district of the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, China. The orebodies mainly occurred as lenticular and bedded shapes in the skarn zone between the Lower Permian Qixia Formation carbonate rocks and the quartz diorite. Four paragenetic stages have been recognized based on petrographic observations: (1) prograde skarn stage, (2) retrograde skarn stage, (3) quartz-sulfide stage, and (4) carbonate stage. Six fluid inclusion types were recognized: S1(vapor + liquid + halite ± other daughter minerals), S2(vapor + liquid + daughter minerals except halite), LV(rich liquid + vapor), VL(rich vapor + liquid), V (vapor), and L (liquid) types. Fluid inclusion studies show distinct variations in composition, final homogenization temperature, and salinity in four stages. Daughter minerals of the primary fluid inclusions include chalcopyrite, molybdenite, hematite, anhydrite, calcite, and halite in the prograde skarn stage and hematite, calcite, and sulfide (?) in the retrograde skarn stage. No daughter minerals occurred in the quartz-sulfide and carbonate stages. Final homogenization temperatures recorded in these stages are from 405 to >550°C, from 212 to 498°C, from 150 to 485°C, and from 89 to 223°C, respectively, while salinities are from 3.7 to 42.5, from 2.6 to 18.5, from 2.2 to 17.9, and from 0.2 to 11.5 wt.% NaCl equivalent, respectively. The coexisting VLand S1type fluid inclusions show similar homogenization temperature of 550 to about 650°C in the prograde skarn stage, indicating that immiscibility occurred at lithostatic pressure of 700 bars to perhaps 1000 bars, corresponding to a depth of 2.6 km to about 3.7 km. The coeval VLand LVtypes fluid inclusions with homogenization temperature of 350 to 400°C in the late retrograde skarn and quartz-sulfide stages suggest that boiling occurred under hydrostatic pressure of 150 to 280 bars, equivalent to a depth of 1.5 to 2.8 km. Mo mineralization in the retrograde stage predated Cu mineralization which mainly occurred in the quartz-sulfide stage. Fluid compositions indicate that ore-forming fluid has highfO2and rich Cu and Mo concentration in the early stage, while relatively lowerfO2and poor Cu and Mo concentration in the middle to late stages. Microthermometric data show a decreasing trend in temperature and salinity in the fluid evolution process. Decreasing temperature and boiling event may be the main factors that control the ore precipitation.

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Tectono-thermal evolution of Oman's Mesozoic passive continental margin under the obducting Semail Ophiolite: a case study Jebel Akhdar, Oman

10.5194/se-2018-78 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Arne Grobe ◽

Christoph von Hagke ◽

Ralf Littke ◽

István Dunkl ◽

Franziska Wübbeler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluid Inclusion ◽

Continental Margin ◽

Thermal Evolution ◽

Carbonate Platform ◽

Passive Continental Margin ◽

Passive Margin ◽

Temperature Evolution ◽

Thermal Maturity ◽

Solid Bitumen ◽

Shear Sense

Abstract. The Mesozoic sequences of the Oman Mountains experienced only weak post-obduction overprint and deformation, thus they offer a unique natural laboratory to study obduction. We present a study of the pressure and temperature evolution in the passive continental margin under the Oman Ophiolite, using numerical basin models calibrated with thermal maturity data, fluid inclusion thermometry and low-temperature thermochronology. Thermal maturity data from the Adam Foothills constrain burial in the foredeep moving in front of the advancing nappes to be at least 4 km. Peak temperature evolution in the carbonate platform under the ophiolite is only weakly dependent on the temperature of the overriding nappes which have cooled during transport from the oceanic subduction zone to emplacement. Fluid-inclusion thermometry yields pressure-corrected homogenization temperatures of 225 to 266 °C for veins formed during progressing burial, 296–364 °C for veins related to peak burial and 184 to 213 °C for veins associated with late-stage strike-slip faulting. In contrast, the overlying Hawasina nappes have not been heated above c. 170 ºC, as witnessed by only partial resetting of the zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronometer. In combination with independently determined temperatures from solid bitumen reflectance, we infer that the fluid inclusions of peak-burial-related veins formed at minimum pressures of 225–285 MPa. This implies that the rocks of the future Jebel Akhdar Dome were buried under 8–10 km of ophiolite on top of 2 km of sedimentary nappes, which is in agreement with thermal maturity data of solid bitumen reflectance and Raman spectroscopy. Burial of the passive margin under the ophiolite results in sub-lithostatic pore pressures, in agreement with observations on veins formed in dilatant fractures in the carbonates. We infer that overpressure is induced by rapid burial under the ophiolite nappes. Obduction-related tilt of the passive margin in combination with overpressure in the passive margin caused fluid migration towards the south in front of the nappes. Exhumation of the Jebel Akhdar as indicated by our zircon (U-Th)/He data, integrated with existing data, started as early as the late Cretaceous to early Cenozoic, linked with extension along a major listric shear zone with top-to-NNE shear sense, together with an early phase of extensional dome formation. The carbonate platform and obducted nappes of the whole Jebel Akhdar cooled together below c. 170 °C between 50 and 40 Ma, before the final stage of anticline formation.

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Mineralogical and Fluid Inclusions Study of Epithermal Type Veins Intruding the Volcanic Rocks of the Kornofolia Area, Evros, NE Greece.

Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece ◽

10.12681/bgsg.20755 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 202

Author(s):

Foteini Aravani ◽

Lambrini Papadopoulou ◽

Vasileios Melfos ◽

Triantafillos Soldatos ◽

Triantafillia Zorba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Fluid Inclusion ◽

Hydrothermal Alteration ◽

Fluid Inclusions ◽

Volcanic Rocks ◽

The Other ◽

Calc Alkaline ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Host Rocks

The volcanic rocks of Kornofolia area, Evros, host a number of epithermal-type veins. The host rocks are Oligocene calc-alkaline andesites to rhyo-dacites. The andesites form hydrothermal breccias and show hydrothermal alteration. The veins comprise mainly silica polymorphs such as quartz, chalcedony and three types of opal (milky white, transparent and green). Amethyst also forms in veins at the same area. Apart from the silica polymorphs, the veins are accompanied by calcite and zeolites. The main aim of this study is the characterization of the silica polymorphs. Using FT-IR analyses, variations in the crystal structure of the three opals were recognized. The green opal is found to be more amorphous than the other two types. Fluid-inclusion measurements were performed in calcite and were compared with amethyst from previous studies. The Th is between 121-175 °C and the Te between -22.9 and -22.4 °C. The salinities range from 0.9 to 4.5 wt % NaCl equiv.

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Diagenetic Pore Fluid Evolution and Dolomitization of the Silurian and Devonian Carbonates, Huron Domain of Southwestern Ontario: Petrographic, Geochemical and Fluid Inclusion Evidence

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10020140 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 140 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marco Tortola ◽

Ihsan S. Al-Aasm ◽

Richard Crowe

Keyword(s):

Fluid Inclusion ◽

Isotopic Composition ◽

Age Groups ◽

Fluid Composition ◽

Fluid System ◽

Negative Shift ◽

Fluid Systems ◽

Saddle Dolomite ◽

Deep Boreholes ◽

Diagenetic Fluid

Core samples from two deep boreholes were analyzed for petrographic, stable and Sr isotopes, fluid inclusion microthermometry and major, minor, trace and rare-earth elements (REE) of different types of dolomite in the Silurian and Devonian carbonates of the eastern side of the Michigan Basin provided useful insights into the nature of dolomitization, and the evolution of diagenetic pore fluids in this part of the basin. Petrographic features show that both age groups are characterized by the presence of a pervasive replacive fine-crystalline (<50 µm) dolomite matrix (RD1) and pervasive and selective replacive medium crystalline (>50–100 µm) dolomite matrix (RD2 and RD3, respectively). In addition to these types, a coarse crystalline (>500 µm) saddle dolomite cement (SD) filling fractures and vugs is observed only in the Silurian rocks. Results from geochemical and fluid inclusion analyses indicate that the diagenesis of Silurian and Devonian formations show variations in terms of the evolution of the diagenetic fluid composition. These fluid systems are: (1) a diagenetic fluid system that affected Silurian carbonates and was altered by salt dissolution post-Silurian time. These carbonates show a negative shift in δ18O values (dolomite δ18O average: −6.72‰ VPDB), Sr isotopic composition slightly more radiogenic than coeval seawater (0.7078–0.7087), high temperatures (RD2 and SD dolomite Th average: 110 °C) and hypersaline signature (RD2 and SD dolomite average salinity: 26.8 wt.% NaCl eq.); and (2) a diagenetic fluid system that affected Devonian carbonates, possibly occurred during the Alleghenian orogeny in Carboniferous time and characterized by a less pronounced negative shift in δ18O values (dolomite δ18O average: −5.74‰ VPDB), Sr isotopic composition in range with the postulated values for coeval seawater (0.7078–0.7080), lower temperatures (RD2 dolomite Th average: 83 °C) and less saline signature (RD2 dolomite average salinity: 20.8 wt.% NaCl eq.).

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A new occurrence of lazulite from the Main Central Thrust in Kumaun Himalaya, India: fluid inclusion, EPMA and Raman spectroscopy focusing on lazulite in a highly tectonized zone

Geological Society London Special Publications ◽

10.1144/sp481-2018-117 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 481 (1) ◽

pp. 211-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dinesh S. Chauhan ◽

Rajesh Sharma ◽

D. R. Rao

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Fluid Inclusion ◽

Fluid Inclusions ◽

Structural Formula ◽

Stability Field ◽

Adjacent Area ◽

Structural Level ◽

Main Central Thrust ◽

Kumaun Himalaya ◽

D Values

AbstractThe present study reports and investigates ‘lazulite’ occurring in the vicinity of a highly tectonized zone of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in the Himalaya. The azure blue lazulite, hosted in quartz veins, occurs in fractured Berinag quartzite, which forms the footwall of the MCT near Sobla village in NE Kumaun Himalaya, India. Lazulite was investigated using SEM-EDX, micro Raman spectroscopy, fluid inclusion microthermometry and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Lazulite contains inclusions of rutile and hematite and has Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratios of 0.86 to 0.90. The phosphorus in lazulite shows a negative trend with Mg+Al contents. This lazulite is an intermediate solid solution near the lazulite end-member with a cationic composition in the structural formula: Mg0.81–0.89Fe0.10–0.13 Al1.88–1.98P2.00–2.07. Its composition in the lazulite–scorzalite stability field points to a higher temperature of its formation. Fluids trapped as inclusions in lazulite and the associated quartz are generally C–O–H fluid. The fluid inclusion isochors for lazulite, together with the temperature calculated for metamorphism of the equivalent structural level in the adjacent area suggest 500–600°C and 7.25 to 9.25 kbar, which match the peak metamorphic temperature–pressure derived elsewhere for the Higher Himalayan Crystallines. Moderately enriched δD‰ values and H2O–CO2–low NaCl fluid suggest that water from a deep reservoir, more likely a metamorphic fluid, participated in lazulite formation. Classic sigmoidal fluid inclusions in lazulite reveal their development during MCT shearing, whereas the overpressured fluid inclusions suggest a post-lazulite uplift. The MCT lazulite is interpreted to have formed during Himalayan shearing and concurrent metamorphism. The present study also implies that this refractory mineral can sustain fluid inclusions within it against intense deformation conditions, such as in the MCT.

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Comparison of fluid processes in coexisting wolframite and quartz from a giant vein-type tungsten deposit, South China: Insights from detailed petrography and LA-ICP-MS analysis of fluid inclusions

American Mineralogist ◽

10.2138/am-2019-6958 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 104 (8) ◽

pp. 1092-1116 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jun-Yi Pan ◽

Pei Ni ◽

Ru-Cheng Wang

Keyword(s):

Fluid Inclusion ◽

Fluid Inclusions ◽

South China ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Fluid Phase ◽

Fluid Temperature ◽

Depositional Sequence ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Tungsten Mineralization

Abstract Granite-related wolframite-quartz veins are the world's most important tungsten mineralization and production resource. Recent progress in revealing their hydrothermal processes has been greatly facilitated by the use of infrared microscopy and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis of both quartz- and wolframite-hosted fluid inclusions. However, owing to the paucity of detailed petrography, previous fluid inclusion studies on coexisting wolframite and quartz are associated with a certain degree of ambiguity. To better understand the fluid processes forming these two minerals, free-grown crystals of intergrown wolframite and quartz from the giant Yaogangxian W deposit in South China were studied using integrated in situ analytical methods including cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging, infrared microthermometry, Raman microspectroscopy, and fluid inclusion LA-ICP-MS analysis. Detailed crystal-scale petrography with critical help from CL imaging shows repetition of quartz, wolframite, and muscovite in the depositional sequence, which comprises a paragenesis far more complex than previous comparable studies. The reconstruction of fluid history in coexisting wolframite and quartz recognizes at least four successive fluid inclusion generations, two of which were entrapped concurrently with wolframite deposition. Fluctuations of fluid temperature and salinity during precipitation of coexisting wolframite and quartz are reflected by our microthermometry results, according to which wolframite-hosted fluid inclusions do not display higher homogenization temperature or salinity than those in quartz. However, LA-ICP-MS analysis shows that both primary fluid inclusions in wolframite and quartz-hosted fluid inclusions associated intimately with wolframite deposition are characterized by strong enrichment in Sr and depletion in B and As compared to quartz-hosted fluid inclusions that are not associated with wolframite deposition. The chemical similarity between the two fluid inclusion generations associated with wolframite deposition implies episodic tungsten mineralization derived from fluids exhibiting distinct chemical signatures. Multiple chemical criteria including incompatible elements and Br/Cl ratios of fluid inclusions in both minerals suggest a magmatic-sourced fluid with the possible addition of sedimentary and meteoric water. Combined with microthermometry and Raman results, fluid chemical evolution in terms of B, As, S, Sr, W, Mn, Fe, and carbonic volatiles collectively imply fluid phase separation and mixing with sedimentary fluid may have played important roles in wolframite deposition, whereas fluid cooling and addition of Fe and Mn do not appear to be the major driving factor. This study also shows that fluid inclusions in both wolframite and coexisting quartz may contain a substantial amount of carbonic volatiles (CO2 ± CH4) and H3BO3. Ignoring the occurrence of these components can result in significant overestimation of apparent salinity and miscalculation of LA-ICP-MS elemental concentrations. We suggest that these effects should be considered critically to avoid misinterpretation of fluid inclusion data, especially for granite-related tungsten-tin deposits.

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Evolution of hydrocarbon migration style in a fractured reservoir deduced from fluid inclusion data, Clair Field, west of Shetland, UK

Marine and Petroleum Geology ◽

10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2007.05.010 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 153-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Martin Baron ◽

John Parnell ◽

Darren Mark ◽

Andrew Carr ◽

Milosz Przyjalgowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluid Inclusion ◽

Fractured Reservoir ◽

Hydrocarbon Migration ◽

Fluid Inclusion Data

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Speleothem water content as a proxy for past moisture variability in stalagmites from Milandre Cave, Switzerland

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-18849 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Stéphane Affolter ◽

Dominik Fleitmann ◽

Anamaria Häuselmann ◽

Markus Leuenberger

Keyword(s):

Fluid Inclusion ◽

Water Content ◽

Central Europe ◽

Fluid Inclusions ◽

Quantitative Estimation ◽

Isotope Analysis ◽

Water Isotopes ◽

The University ◽

Nw Switzerland ◽

Moisture Variability

Speleothems are powerful archives able to gain relevant paleoclimate information on temperature, moisture source or rainfall. Specifically, there is a need for new proxy related to past moisture availability, which would allow reconstruction especially in Europe, where such records are lacking. Among speleothem-based records, quantitative estimation of the water content (hereafter WC) remains rare as it is generally a collateral result of more challenging analyses such as isotope determinations of fluid inclusions or noble gases. Using a recently developed method to analyse speleothem fluid inclusion water isotopes (Affolter et al., 2014), we obtained a record of more than 250 WC data covering the Younger Dryas and Holocene intervals with a decadal to multi-decadal resolution measured on two Swiss stalagmites from Milandre Cave, NW Switzerland. The crushing of samples in the measuring line resulted in a mean WC of 1.9 microlitre of water per gram of crushed calcite from both stalagmites. The comparison with other paleohumidity-related indicators from central Europe suggests that the WC is related to past moisture variability. In addition, trace elements strontium (Sr) and magnesium (Mg) measurements as proxies for the water residence time and growth rate respectively are ongoing at the Department of Environmental Sciences at the University of Basel, which will further help with the interpretation of the WC. New reconstruction of past moisture variability together with speleothem fluid inclusion temperature estimates (Affolter et al., 2019) would allow a better understanding of the central European climate variability during the Holocene.Affolter, S., H&#228;uselmann, A., Fleitmann, D., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., and Leuenberger, M.: Central Europe temperature constrained by speleothem fluid inclusion water isotopes over the past 14,000 years, Sci Adv, 5, eaav3809, 10.1126/sciadv.aav3809, 2019.Affolter, S., Fleitmann, D., and Leuenberger, M.: New online method for water isotope analysis of speleothem fluid inclusions using laser absorption spectroscopy (WS-CRDS), Clim Past, 10, 1291-1304, DOI 10.5194/cp-10-1291-2014, 2014.

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Ore Forming Fluid of Epithermal Quartz Veins at Cisuru Prospect, Papandayan District, West Java, Indonesia

Journal of Geoscience Engineering Environment and Technology ◽

10.25299/jgeet.2019.4.3.2279 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 170

Author(s):

Kha Yay Oo ◽

Wayan Warmada ◽

Anastasia Dewi Titisari ◽

Koichiro Watanabe

Keyword(s):

Fluid Inclusion ◽

Melting Temperature ◽

Fluid Inclusions ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Homogenization Temperature ◽

Salinity Range ◽

Ice Melting ◽

West Java ◽

Quartz Veins ◽

Lapilli Tuff

The Cisuru area is located in Talegong Sub-district, Garut Regency, West Java, Indonesia which is belongs to the central part of Southern Mountain Slope. The aim of this research is to understand the nature and characteristic of fluid inclusion from quartz veins (especially drill core samples) in the study area. Rock units in the area are characterized by Tertiary volcanic rocks and volcaniclastic sequence which is mainly composed of andesite, andesitic breccia, volcanic breccia, lapilli tuff, dacite and related to the intrusion of diorite. The Cisuru epithermal mineralization is dominantly hosted by andesite, dacite, breccia and lapilli tuff, and would probably be controlled by both permeable rocks and NS and NE-SW trending strike-slip faults. The mineralization is shown as void filling and replacement within the silica zone, veinlets along with the open space/fractures and dissemination. Fluid inclusion from quartz veins was studied to know nature, characteristics and origin of hydrothermal fluids. Microthermometric measurements of fluid inclusions were realized by using a Linkam THMSG 600 combined freezing and heating stages. Homogenization temperature and final ice melting temperature were measured for primary two-phase inclusion from quartz veins. Base on the study of the fluid inclusion, the value of homogenization temperature (Th) range from 200 ºC to 395 °C and ice melting temperature range from -0.1 to - 4.5 where salinity range from 0.2 to 7.2 wt. % NaCl equivalent. Fluid inclusion petrography and microthermometric measurement data exhibit that fluid mixing, dilution and boiling were main processes during the hydrothermal evolution. The formation temperature of each quartz vein is 260 ºC to 290 ºC and also their formation depth is estimated between 560m to 925m respectively. Combination of fluid inclusions petrography, microthermometric measurement, and estimate paleo depth from Cisuru area were suggested under the epithermal environment.

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