scholarly journals Diagenetic Pore Fluid Evolution and Dolomitization of the Silurian and Devonian Carbonates, Huron Domain of Southwestern Ontario: Petrographic, Geochemical and Fluid Inclusion Evidence

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tortola ◽  
Ihsan S. Al-Aasm ◽  
Richard Crowe
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Negative Shift ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Saddle Dolomite ◽  
Deep Boreholes ◽  
Diagenetic Fluid

Core samples from two deep boreholes were analyzed for petrographic, stable and Sr isotopes, fluid inclusion microthermometry and major, minor, trace and rare-earth elements (REE) of different types of dolomite in the Silurian and Devonian carbonates of the eastern side of the Michigan Basin provided useful insights into the nature of dolomitization, and the evolution of diagenetic pore fluids in this part of the basin. Petrographic features show that both age groups are characterized by the presence of a pervasive replacive fine-crystalline (<50 µm) dolomite matrix (RD1) and pervasive and selective replacive medium crystalline (>50–100 µm) dolomite matrix (RD2 and RD3, respectively). In addition to these types, a coarse crystalline (>500 µm) saddle dolomite cement (SD) filling fractures and vugs is observed only in the Silurian rocks. Results from geochemical and fluid inclusion analyses indicate that the diagenesis of Silurian and Devonian formations show variations in terms of the evolution of the diagenetic fluid composition. These fluid systems are: (1) a diagenetic fluid system that affected Silurian carbonates and was altered by salt dissolution post-Silurian time. These carbonates show a negative shift in δ18O values (dolomite δ18O average: −6.72‰ VPDB), Sr isotopic composition slightly more radiogenic than coeval seawater (0.7078–0.7087), high temperatures (RD2 and SD dolomite Th average: 110 °C) and hypersaline signature (RD2 and SD dolomite average salinity: 26.8 wt.% NaCl eq.); and (2) a diagenetic fluid system that affected Devonian carbonates, possibly occurred during the Alleghenian orogeny in Carboniferous time and characterized by a less pronounced negative shift in δ18O values (dolomite δ18O average: −5.74‰ VPDB), Sr isotopic composition in range with the postulated values for coeval seawater (0.7078–0.7080), lower temperatures (RD2 dolomite Th average: 83 °C) and less saline signature (RD2 dolomite average salinity: 20.8 wt.% NaCl eq.).

Application of Benzotriazole Corrosion Inhibitor in Synthetic-Based Drilling Fluid and its Overall Impact in Improving Drilling Fluid Functionality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Xionghu ◽  
Saviour Bassey Egwu ◽  
Deng Jingen ◽  
Miao Liujie
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Before And After

Abstract The effect of corrosion inhibitor Benzotriazole on synthetic-based mud system was studied. Rheological performance of the benzotriazole enhanced synthetic-based fluid system was studied and compared against the base mud. To study its effect on dynamic wellbore conditions, different drilling fluid compositions were placed in a hot rolling oven for 16 hours at temperatures 150 °C and 170°C and the effect of temperature on mud properties were studied. Tests carried out include rheological test (before and after hot rolling), filtrate pH, lubricity test, and fluid loss test. The corrosion penetration rate was studied using the weight loss method. Based on experiment results, the synthetic-based mud system which comprised of benzotriazole displayed a reduction in coefficient of friction up to 95.93%. At ambient condition, optimal ratio of mineral oil:benzotriazole (M:B) which gives best lubricity performance on synthetic-based mud system is 80:20. This leads to improved corrosion inhibition and lubricity of the synthetic-based fluid by reducing the coefficient of friction up to 90.13%. Increased temperature led to further decrease in coefficient of friction with a % torque reduction of 95.93 displayed by the 80:20 ratio M:B mud composition at 170 °C. Significant alterations of the mud composition rheological and fluid loss parameters before and after exposure to high temperature in hot rolling oven were not observed. pH values were maintained ≥7 at the dynamic conditions highlighting solubility of the formulated fluid composition and absence of contaminants which can pose significant threats to the rates of corrosion in drill pipes. Increasing the concentration of Benzotriazole led to a reduction in corrosion rate. However, as the temperature effect increased, the corrosion rate elevated. Based on results from this investigation, it was concluded that Benzotriazole can be applied as a corrosion inhibitor in a synthetic-based drilling fluid system as an alternative corrosion inhibitor without significant alteration of the base mud properties. Benefits of this will be the optimization of extended reach well drilling operations due to excellent lubricity performance, corrosion rate reduction, compatibility with HPHT wellbore condition and fluid loss control.

scholarly journals Recent progress of electrowetting for droplet manipulation: from wetting to superwetting systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peicheng Teng ◽  
Dongliang Tian ◽  
Haiyan Fu ◽  
Shutao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Functional Applications ◽  
Gas Phases ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Basic Fluid ◽  
Droplet Manipulation ◽  
Solid Liquid

EWOD was investigated from wetting to superwetting with six basic fluid systems. Each fluid system has developed special technologies for functional applications owing to the different interactions among solid, liquid and gas phases.

scholarly journals Spaceflight-Induced Intracranial Hypertension and Visual Impairment: Pathophysiology and Countermeasures

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Fan Zhang ◽  
Alan R. Hargens
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Lamina Cribrosa ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Multiple Structures ◽  
Intracranial Circulation

Visual impairment intracranial pressure (VIIP) syndrome is considered an unexplained major risk for future long-duration spaceflight. NASA recently redefined this syndrome as Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS). Evidence thus reviewed supports that chronic, mildly elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in space (as opposed to more variable ICP with posture and activity on Earth) is largely accounted for by loss of hydrostatic pressures and altered hemodynamics in the intracranial circulation and the cerebrospinal fluid system. In space, an elevated pressure gradient across the lamina cribrosa, caused by a chronic but mildly elevated ICP, likely elicits adaptations of multiple structures and fluid systems in the eye which manifest themselves as the VIIP syndrome. A chronic mismatch between ICP and intraocular pressure (IOP) in space may acclimate the optic nerve head, lamina cribrosa, and optic nerve subarachnoid space to a condition that is maladaptive to Earth, all contributing to the pathogenesis of space VIIP syndrome. Relevant findings help to evaluate whether artificial gravity is an appropriate countermeasure to prevent this seemingly adverse effect of long-duration spaceflight.

Numerical Investigation of Gravitational Compositional Grading in Hydrocarbon Reservoirs Using Centrifuge Data

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 793-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. David Ting ◽  
Birol Dindoruk ◽  
John Ratulowski
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
Reservoir Fluid ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
The Impact

Summary Fluid properties descriptions are required for the design and implementation of petroleum production processes. Increasing numbers of deep water and subsea production systems and high-temperature/high-pressure (HTHP) reservoir fluids have elevated the importance of fluid properties in which well-count and initial rate estimates are quite crucial for development decisions. Similar to rock properties, fluid properties can vary significantly both aerially and vertically even within well-connected reservoirs. In this paper, we have studied the effects of gravitational fluid segregation using experimental data available for five live-oil and condensate systems (at pressures between 6,000 and 9,000 psi and temperatures from 68 to 200°F) considering the impact of fluid composition and phase behavior. Under isothermal conditions and in the absence of recharge, gravitational segregation will dominate. However, gravitational effects are not always significant for practical purposes. Since the predictive modeling of gravitational grading is sensitive to characterization methodology (i.e., how component properties are assigned and adjusted to match the available data and component grouping) for some reservoir-fluid systems, experimental data from a specially designed centrifuge system and analysis of such data are essential for calibration and quantification of these forces. Generally, we expect a higher degree of gravitational grading for volatile and/or near-saturated reservoir-fluid systems. Numerical studies were performed using a calibrated equation-of-state (EOS) description on the basis of fluid samples taken at selected points from each reservoir. Comparisons of measured data and calibrated model show that the EOS model qualitatively and, in many cases, quantitatively described the observed equilibrium fluid grading behavior of the fluids tested. First, equipment was calibrated using synthetic fluid systems as shown in Ratulowski et al. (2003). Then real reservoir fluids were used ranging from black oils to condensates [properties ranging from 27°API and 1,000 scf/stb gas/oil ratio (GOR) to 57°API and 27,000 scf/stb GOR]. Diagnostic plots on the basis of bulk fluid properties for reservoir fluid equilibrium grading tendencies have been constructed on the basis of interpreted results, and sensitivities to model parameters estimated. The use of centrifuge data was investigated as an additional fluid characterization tool (in addition to composition and bulk phase behavior properties) to construct more realistic reservoir fluid models for graded reservoirs (or reservoirs with high grading potential) have also been investigated.

scholarly journals Indication of hydrocarbon migration in the Western Mecsek Mountains evidenced by fluid inclusion chemostratigraphy

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Sándor Körmös ◽  
Georgina Lukoczki ◽  
Félix Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Fluorescent Properties ◽  
Hydrocarbon Migration ◽  
Solid Bitumen ◽  
Saddle Dolomite

Primary and secondary hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusion (HCFI) assemblages occur in the Middle Triassic Lapis Limestone in the Szuadó Valley of the Western Mecsek Mts. The primary HCFIs were trapped in saddle dolomite crystals, and the secondary HCFIs were enclosed in calcite neospar and fracture-filling calcite. Solid bitumen is also present along fractures. The volatile compounds liberated from fluid inclusions are characterized by non-hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon species. The fluorescent properties of HCFIs, the occurrence of the solid bitumen, as well as the composition of inclusion oils indicate the migration of light oils through the Lapis Limestone. Petrographic observations suggest a prolonged oil charge event, which resulted in HCFIs beeing trapped under evolving diagenetic conditions.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Evolution of the Freiberg Epithermal Ag-Pb-Zn District, Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Swinkels ◽  
Jan Schulz-Isenbeck ◽  
Max Frenzel ◽  
Jens Gutzmer ◽  
Mathias Burisch
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Metal Sulfide ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Geochemical Zoning ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Mineral Associations ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Homogenization Temperatures ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Systematic Collection

Abstract The Freiberg district hosts one of the largest series of epithermal polymetallic vein deposits in Europe. The availability of a systematic collection of historical samples provides an excellent opportunity to study the anatomy of these epithermal systems. Detailed petrographic investigations, geochemical analyses, and fluid inclusion studies were conducted on several vertical profiles within the Freiberg district to decipher mineralogical and geochemical zoning patterns. Six distinctive mineral associations have been recognized within the Freiberg epithermal veins; sphalerite-pyrite-quartz and galena-quartz±carbonate associations are most abundant in the central sector, as well as in the deepest sections of veins on the periphery of the district. A high-grade sphalerite-Ag-sulfides-carbonate association occurs laterally between the central and peripheral sectors and at intermediate depth in veins on the periphery. Shallow and peripheral zones are dominated by an exceptionally Ag-rich Ag-sulfides-quartz association, whereas the shallowest veins locally comprise Ag-poor stibnite-quartz and quartz-carbonate associations. Fluid inclusion assemblages returned low salinities (&lt;6.0 wt % NaCl equiv), and homogenization temperatures successively decrease from ~320°C associated with the proximal and deep sphalerite-pyrite-quartz association, to ~170°C related to the distal and shallow Ag-sulfides-quartz association. The architecture of the Freiberg district is related to the temporal and spatial evolution of magmatic-hydrothermal fluid systems, including boiling and concomitant cooling, as well as CO2 loss. Constraints on the paleodepth indicate that the veins formed between 200 and 1,800 m below the paleowater table. High-grade Ag ore occurs over a vertical interval of at least 500 m and is bracketed by shallower stibnite-quartz and barren quartz, and deeper base metal-sulfide-quartz zones.

scholarly journals The formation of (Ni-Co-Sb)-Ag-As ore shoots in hydrothermal galena-sphalerite-fluorite veins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Scharrer ◽  
Tatjana Epp ◽  
Benjamin Walter ◽  
Katharina Pfaff ◽  
Torsten Vennemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Composition Formation ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Major Vein ◽  
Hydrothermal Remobilization ◽  
Host Rocks ◽  
Binary Mixing

AbstractUnusual hydrothermal native As-sulfide ± native Ag ± arsenide ± antimonide ± sulfosalt ore shoots and their co-genetic sulfide-fluorite-barite-quartz host veins, which are common in the region and in whole Central Europe, were investigated at three localities in the Schwarzwald, SW Germany, to understand the physico-chemical processes governing the change from a normal (= common) hydrothermal to an exceptional ore shoot regime. Based on fluid inclusions, the formation of the gangue minerals is the result of binary mixing between a NaCl-rich brine and a CaCl2-rich brine (both ~ 20 wt% NaCl aq.). This mixing correlation, major and minor fluid composition, formation temperature (~ 150 °C), and δ34S signature are identical (within error) in ore shoots and host veins. Thermodynamic modeling indicates that ore shoot formation must have resulted from a change in redox conditions by a local influx of a volumetrically minor reducing agent, probably hydrocarbons. The elemental content and the mineralogy of each ore shoot locality (Ag-As-rich: Münstertal; Ag–Ni-As-rich: Urberg; Ag–Ni-As-Sb-rich: Wieden) reflect the metal content of the binary mixed fluid, while mineral textures, successions, and assemblages are thermodynamically and, regarding sulfur, kinetically controlled. The formation of vein and ore shoot sulfides requires an addition of sulfide, most probably from the sulfide-bearing host rocks, because thermodynamic and kinetic reasons suggest that the two major vein-forming and metal-bearing fluids are not the source of the sulfur. The final ore shoot textures are influenced by later hydrothermal remobilization processes of As and Ag. This results in a number of sulfosalts, mostly proustite-pyrargyrite. Interestingly, the greater thermodynamic stability of Sb-endmember sulfosalts enables them to form even in As-dominated fluid systems.

Stable isotope compositions of alteration fluids in low-grade Lower Palaeozoic rocks, English Lake District

1985 ◽  
Vol 49 (352) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Thomas ◽  
R. S. Harmon ◽  
G. J. H. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Lake District ◽  
English Lake District ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic ◽  
Hydrogen And Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analyses

AbstractA combination of hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses and fluid inclusion studies has defined the composition of fluids involved in the metamorphism of Lower Palaeozoic rocks in the English Lake District. Three fluid fields have been defined from secondary phases: 1, syn-burial metamorphic D-enriched fluids from epidote and chlorite at a temperature between 250 and 350°C; D-depleted fluid measured from groundmass and quartz inclusions; 3, a mixed magmatic-meteoric fluid with an intermediate H-isotopic composition estimated from W/R granite data and calculated from illite.

A New Method for Predicting the Critical Taylor Number in Rotating Cylindrical Flows

1987 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Cruickshank
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Critical Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Concentric Cylinders ◽  
Elastic Systems ◽  
Subsequent Motion ◽  
The Stability

A method for determining the boundaries of dynamic stability of a fluid system, as distinct from the prediction of the subsequent motion, is presented. The method is based on well-known approaches to the problem of instability in elastic systems. The extension of these methods to fluid systems, specifically, to the stability of flow between concentric cylinders, confirms that it may be possible in some cases to determine the boundaries of stability of fluid systems without recourse to an Orr-Sommerfeld type treatment. The results also suggest that the concept of apparent (virtual) viscosity may have implications for fluid stability outside the current realm of turbulence modelling. Finally, it is also shown that flow instability may be preceded by the onset of a critical stress condition in analogy with elastic systems.

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