scholarly journals Is It Possible to Repeat the Experience of East Asia? The External Factors of East Asian ‘Miracle’

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
V. A. Krasilshchikov
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
East Asian ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Success Story ◽  
The West ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Internal Markets ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Asian Tigers

The paper focuses on the widespread presupposition about a possibility for the developing countries beyond the East Asian region to follow the development path of the newly industrialised countries (NICs) of East and Southeast Asia known as ‘tigers’. The author underlines that the ‘tigers’ success story was the effect of fortune combination of the external and internal factors of fast modernisation of the countries under scrutiny. The subject of the given paper is a set of the external factors of the East Asian ‘miracle’. In the author’s opinion, there were three main external factors of successful development in the East Asian NICs. Firstly, there was a strong influence of cold war in the region. Since the early‑1960s the rivalry between the USSR and USA was here ‘supplemented’ by pretensions of the Maoist China to the role of ‘torch’ for the poor and wretched peoples of Asia. Thus, there was the specific triangle of foreign forces that operated in the region. The US ruling circles conceived that the best way to ‘the containment of communism’ was to create a show case of ‘good capitalism’: to eradicate mass poverty, to build contemporary effective economy, to open the channels of vertical social mobility for youth, and, thereby, to erode the social soil for the Leftist ideas. Secondly, the business and political leaders of the considerable countries understood a necessity to modernise their economies. The local elites, being in vassal dependency on the American protection, were obliged to follow the path of development that corresponded mostly to the interests of US. This circumstance determined, to a big degree, a choice of the outward‑looking industrialisation. Thirdly, the export‑oriented industrialisation in East Asia coincided with profound structural changes in Western economies. The NICs could occupy niches at the internal markets of industrial countries, exporting their manufactured goods to the West. It provided the growth of incomes for further accumulation. The neoconservatism in politics and neoliberalism in economics in the West helped to the East Asian ‘tigers’ to carry out their modernisation. Since the called external factors of East Asian ‘miracle’ do not recently exist in other developing regions, the author comes to conclusion that none of these regions can repeat the success story of the Asian NICs.

Picturing Commerce in and from the East Asian Maritime Circuits, 1550-1800

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
The Look ◽  
Visual Cultures

Combining strikingly new scholarship by art historians, historians, and ethnomusicologists, this interdisciplinary volume illuminates trade ties within East Asia, and from East Asia outwards, in the years 1550 to 1800. While not encyclopedic, the selected topics greatly advance our sense of this trade picture. Throughout the book, multi-part trade structures are excavated; the presence of European powers within the Asian trade nexus features as part of this narrative. Visual goods are highlighted, including lacquerwares, paintings, prints, musical instruments, textiles, ivory sculptures, unfired ceramic portrait figurines, and Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Southeast Asian ceramic vessels. These essays underscore the significance of Asian industries producing multiples, and the rhetorical charge of these goods, shifting in meaning as they move. Everyday commodities are treated as well; for example, the trans-Pacific trade in contraband mercury, used in silver refinement, is spelled out in detail. Building reverberations between merchant networks, trade goods, and the look of the objects themselves, this richly-illustrated book brings to light the Asian trade engine powering the early modern visual cultures of East and Southeast Asia, the American colonies, and Europe.

scholarly journals Western and East Asian Protection of Human Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Timo Kivimäki
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strategic Orientations ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The Military

One of the main trends in the international relations and international security, for the past two decades, has been the new eagerness to intervene into failed and autocratic countries if they fail to protect their own citizens. This trend has distinguished East Asia (including both Southeast and Northeast Asia) from the West. Generally, the distinction has been based on three differences in strategic orientations. First, the role of the military is seen differently in East Asia and the West. Secondly, the role of states as instruments of the protection of civilians is seen differently in the West and East Asia. Thirdly, there is a difference between East Asia and the West regarding to the expected role of the UN Security Council in the authorization of protection. This article investigates the consequences of the three different strategies on human security by reviewing existing literature and by combining new data on discourses of protection with conflict data on various indicators of human survival and welfare. While the Western strategic concept of human security is dominant and hegemonic in the global debate, it seems, on the basis of this investigation, that the East Asian strategy of self-restraint, non-militarism and respect for sovereignty is more effective in the protection of civilians.

scholarly journals Success story of controlling COVID-19 in East Asia: lessons for South Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2316-2342
Author(s):  
Shapan Chandra Majumder ◽  
Mohammad Razaul Karim ◽  
Md. Mamun Miah
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Constant Term ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Adf Test

The novel coronavirus is an issue of life and death. The main purpose of the study is to know the East Asian success story of controlling Covid-19 and identify which strategies could be a lesson for South Asia and to examine the influence of good governance on controlling COVID-19. Total daily cases of COVID-19 are collected from March 10 to June 15 for East Asian and March 4 to June 15 for South Asian countries. ARIMA forecasting, ADF test, stability test, and diagnostic tests are applied. The minimum value of AIC and BIC shows the appropriate model is ARIMA (0, 1, 1) for both regions. In the East and South Asian model, the coefficients of the constant term are -0.759451 and 198.0155, and coefficients of MA (1) are -0.715686 and -0.339701 respectively for both regions. It's significant at a 1% significance level and support our hypotheses that the total daily cases of COVID-19 decreasing into East Asia but increasing into South Asia and prove that the South Asia region has faced a lot of difficulties to tackle COVID-19 as most of the countries have not enough government capacity, weak institutions, limited resources, narrow government reaches to the vulnerable people and corruption compare to East Asian region and no actual strategies are yet noticeable from the governments of South Asia as a result transmission increases day by day. That is why; we think that South Asian countries could take lessons from East Asian countries as these countries are more successful to control COVID-19.

Elicitation of salient brand emotions in Western and East Asian markets: The role of elicitation context

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 518-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Jakubanecs ◽  
Magne Supphellen ◽  
Alexander Fedorikhin ◽  
Hege Mathea Haugen ◽  
Njål Sivertstøl
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Free Association ◽  
Brand Associations ◽  
The West ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Asian Consumers

The objective of this article is to show the effects of the use of Free Association Technique on the elicitation of brand emotions and functional associations across a Western and an East Asian culture as well as to identify and test underlying mechanisms. The use of Western techniques for eliciting brand emotions may prove challenging for marketers in East Asian markets because of the different styles of thinking and feeling of consumers in the West versus East Asia. This investigation focuses on the role of visual context (individual vs social), in which brands are presented when eliciting brand associations in the West and in East Asia. The study shows that elicitation context significantly influences the type of brand emotions and functional associations across two distinct cultures: Norway and Thailand. Consumers’ self-construal and thinking style mediate the effects of culture, as interdependent self-construal and holistic thinking explain more context-dependent brand emotions generated by Thai than Norwegian consumers. This research has important implications for studying and managing brand associations and emotions across markets. The traditional view of brands as possessing abstract, stable associations, and emotions should be reconsidered in the East Asian cultural context. Marketing managers should adapt established Western elicitation techniques to the characteristics of East Asian consumers to increase their validity.

scholarly journals EAST ASIAN REGIONAL INTEGRATION: THE JOURNEY SINCE THE FAILURE OF THE EAEG

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farizal Razalli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The Political ◽  
The West ◽  
Policy Failure ◽  
Contemporary Development ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Political Realities ◽  
Shed Light

The failure of the East Asia Economic Group (EAEG) was more than a foreign policy failure for Malaysia. It actually shed light on the political realities in the region. The proposed EAEG excluded all the region's Western partners. Viewed as a bloc against the West and under strong pressure from Washington, all countries in the region, including Japan (supposed-to-be leader), unanimously disapproved the idea. This paper seeks to understand the contemporary development of the regional integration process in East Asia. The following two main questions are posited- 1) can linkages be established between the idea of EAEG and the later developments of East Asian regionalization process - ASEAN + 3? 2) Can the approach of exclusive regionalization work in today's East Asia? The analysis shows that the tendency toward exclusive regionalization is rather strong. The research, however, questions the plausibility of such an exclusive regionalization given the region's ever strong interdependence with extra-regional partners across political, economic, and security domains.

Primers, Medical Texts, and Other Works

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Francis Kornicki
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
The West ◽  
Conduct Books ◽  
Chinese Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Vernacular Fiction

This chapter follows on from Chapters 8 and 9, which were devoted to Buddhist and Confucian texts, and applies a similar analysis to a variety of other texts with a focus on those that were subjected to a process of vernacularization. The first genre discussed is that of primers, which initially existed solely to teach the young the elements of Sinitic. Second, medical texts are examined in some depth, for the botanic and linguistic diversity of East Asia necessitated the production of glossaries giving the local names for plants appearing in Chinese pharmacopoeia and later the development of local pharmacopoeia based on locally available plants. Third, conduct books for women are taken up, for the different expectations of women in East Asian societies made Chinese imports unsuitable. Subsequently, a Tang-dynasty manual of statecraft, a manual of forensic medicine, Chinese vernacular fiction, and books about the West are discussed.

Russia will try to expand influence in South-east Asia

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South China ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Strategic Alignment ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The West ◽  
Content Type

Subject South-east Asia's relations with Russia. Significance Russia’s ties with the West are deteriorating. South-east Asia offers Moscow important diplomatic and economic opportunities. Impacts As Russia-China strategic alignment strengthens, Moscow and Beijing will increase coordination and cooperation in South-east Asia. Advanced Russian defence technology will further strengthen Beijing against South-east Asian claimants in the South China Sea dispute. Washington will try to encourage South-east Asian countries to buy US rather than Russian weapons.

East Asia and the West: The Impact of Confucianism on Anglo‐American Political Theory

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Bell
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
The Family ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Impact

This article explores the influence of Confucianism on Anglo-American political theory. It describes two recent developments in contemporary Anglo-American political theory which have allowed for substantial engagement with Confucian political theory and may set the stage for further interest in East Asian political theory more generally. One is the communitarian critique of liberal universalism and the other is the feminist emphasis on the politics of the family. This article discusses East Asian contributions to the debate on universalism versus particularism and to the debate on family and justice.

The Balance Sheet Effects and Macroeconomic Development in the Pacific Region

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-129
Author(s):  
Akira Kohsaka ◽  
Masahiro Enya
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Asset Price ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Asset Market ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
The Pacific

This paper focuses on balance sheet adjustments across the recent boom–bust cycles in the Pacific region along with structural changes in sectoral balance sheets and policy environments. Comparing empirical regularities across industrial as well as East Asian countries over the past decades, our analysis shows that asset price busts and concurrent macroeconomic developments in East Asia share some common patterns, identified using event analysis, with industrial economies. Regarding the macroeconomic impact of asset market price busts, we generally observed qualitatively similar features between industrial countries and East Asian emerging markets. Major differences between the two groups appear in the magnitude of swings and the speed of recoveries of the key macroeconomic variables. Negative impacts on investment were stronger in East Asia, but quicker recoveries were their features, whereas private consumption was commonly rather robust to asset market turmoil.

scholarly journals Varieties of Second Modernity and the Cosmopolitan Vision

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Beck
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
The West ◽  
Asian Development ◽  
Methodological Nationalism ◽  
Conceptual Innovation ◽  
Entangled Modernities ◽  
Societal Dynamics

This text was prepared for presentation in Nagoya, Japan, in 2010. Its aim was to explore a dialogue with Asians toward a cosmopolitan sociology. Beginning from the idea of entangled modernities which threaten their own foundations, Ulrich Beck advocated a complete conceptual innovation of sociology in order to better comprehend the fundamental fragility and mutability of societal dynamics shaped by the globalization of capital and risks today. More specifically, he proposed a cosmopolitan turn of sociology: first, by criticizing methodological nationalism; second, by introducing the concept of cosmopolitization; third, by re-mapping social inequalities; fourth, by discussing risk society in the context of East Asian development; and fifth and finally, by proposing a cosmopolitan vision. Along this line, Beck attempted an overview of the researches done on second modern transformation in East Asia and suggested that an active dialogue may be possible when Asians begin to see the West from their perspectives rather than being caught in the Euro-centric and West-hegemonic presuppositions.

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