Some Properties of Elastomeric Compositions with High-disperse Carbon Additives

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
Konstantin Vishnevskii ◽  
◽  
Zhanna Shashok ◽  
Nikolai Prokopchuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Plasma ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterial ◽  
Disperse Carbon ◽  
Carbon Additives ◽  
Equilibrium Swelling ◽  
Vulcanization Kinetics ◽  
Filled Rubbers ◽  
Nonlinear Elastic ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
High Voltage Discharge

The influence of a carbon nanomaterial obtained in a high-voltage discharge plasma on the endurance of elastomer compositions has been investigated. Complex tests of elastomeric compositions with highly dispersed carbon additives allowed us to confirm the model of nonlinear elastic deformation of macromolecules and adhesion between the elastomer and the nanoparticles. The results of these investigations agree with those obtained in determining the Mooney viscosity and relaxation, the parameters of the vulcanization kinetics of rubber mix, conventional tensile strength, and relative breaking elongation of highly filled rubbers based on butadiene-nitrile caoutchoucs. To verify the assumed mechanism underlying the action of a carbon nanomaterial on elastomer compositions, the parameters of their vulcanizing network have been determined using the method of equilibrium swelling.

KINETICS OF THE ELECTRONS IN THE STATIONARY BEAM DISCHARGE PLASMA IN DIATOMIC GASES

1979 ◽  
Vol 40 (C7) ◽  
pp. C7-261-C7-262
Author(s):  
R. Winkler ◽  
J. Wilhelm ◽  
A. A. Ivanov ◽  
V.V. Starykh
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Plasma ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Isothermal Vulcanization and Non-Isothermal Degradation Kinetics of XNBR/Epoxy/XNBR-g-Halloysite Nanotubes (HNT) Nanocomposites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2872
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohamad Reza Paran ◽  
Ghasem Naderi ◽  
Elnaz Movahedifar ◽  
Maryam Jouyandeh ◽  
Krzysztof Formela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Theoretical Methods ◽  
Vulcanization Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The effect of several concentrations of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) functionalized halloysite nanotubes (XHNTs) on the vulcanization and degradation kinetics of XNBR/epoxy compounds were evaluated using experimental and theoretical methods. The isothermal vulcanization kinetics were studied at various temperatures by rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results obtained indicated that the nth order model could not accurately predict the curing performance. However, the autocatalytic approach can be used to estimate the vulcanization reaction mechanism of XNBR/epoxy/XHNTs nanocomposites. The kinetic parameters related to the degradation of XNBR/epoxy/XHNTs nanocomposites were also assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA measurements suggested that the grafted nanotubes strongly enhanced the thermal stability of the nanocomposite.

Vulcanization of Elastomers. 23. The Chemical Kinetics of Vulcanization Reactions and The Physical Properties of The Vulcanizates. I

1960 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
Walter Scheele ◽  
Karl-Heinz Hillmer
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Kcal Mole ◽  
First Order ◽  
Equilibrium Swelling ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinetics Of Vulcanization ◽  
Limiting Value ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract As a complement to earlier investigations, and in order to examine more closely the connection between the chemical kinetics and the changes with vulcanization time of the physical properties in the case of vulcanization reactions, we used thiuram vulcanizations as an example, and concerned ourselves with the dependence of stress values (moduli) at different degrees of elongation and different vulcanization temperatures. We found: 1. Stress values attain a limiting value, dependent on the degree of elongation, but independent of the vulcanization temperature at constant elongation. 2. The rise in stress values with the vulcanization time is characterized by an initial delay, which, however, is practically nonexistent at higher temperatures. 3. The kinetics of the increase in stress values with vulcanization time are both qualitatively and quantitatively in accord with the dependence of the reciprocal equilibrium swelling on the vulcanization time; both processes, after a retardation, go according to the first order law and at the same rate. 4. From the temperature dependence of the rate constants of reciprocal equilibrium swelling, as well as of the increase in stress, an activation energy of 22 kcal/mole can be calculated, in good agreement with the activation energy of dithiocarbamate formation in thiuram vulcanizations.

scholarly journals Pulsed Discharge Plasma in High-Pressure Environment for Water Pollutant Degradation and Nanoparticle Synthesis

Plasma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-331
Author(s):  
Wahyu Diono ◽  
Siti Machmudah ◽  
Hideki Kanda ◽  
Yaping Zhao ◽  
Motonobu Goto
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Discharge Plasma ◽  
Type System ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Pollutant ◽  
High Voltage Discharge

The application of high-voltage discharge plasma for water pollutant decomposition and the synthesis of nanoparticles under a high-pressure argon gas environment (~4 MPa) was demonstrated. The experiments were carried out in a batch-type system at room temperature with a pulsed DC power supply (15.4 to 18.6 kV) as a discharge plasma source. The results showed that the electrode materials, the pulsed repetition rates, the applied number of pulses, and the applied voltages had a significant effect on the degradation reactions of organic compounds. Furthermore, carbon solid materials from glycine decomposition were generated during the high-voltage discharge plasma treatment under high-pressure conditions, while Raman spectra and the HRTEM images indicated that titanium dioxide with a brookite structure and titanium carbide nanoparticles were also formed under these conditions. It was concluded that this process is applicable in practice and may lead to advanced organic compound decomposition and metal-based nanoparticle synthesis technologies.

Vulcanization kinetics of natural rubber-organoclay nanocomposites

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. López-Manchado ◽  
M. Arroyo ◽  
B. Herrero ◽  
J. Biagiotti
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Vulcanization Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Study on vulcanization kinetics of constant viscosity natural rubber by using a rheometer MDR2000

2013 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Bei-Long ◽  
Wang Yong-Zhou ◽  
Wang Ping-Yue ◽  
Huang Hong-Hai
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Vulcanization Kinetics ◽  
Constant Viscosity ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of Peroxide Vulcanization of Natural Rubber

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejitha Rajan ◽  
Siby Varghese ◽  
K.E. George
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Minimum Residual ◽  
Vulcanization Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study was undertaken to optimize the vulcanization conditions and explore the effect of residual peroxide in the peroxide vulcanization of natural rubber. The study was followed through the kinetics of the vulcanization reaction at various temperatures viz. 150,155,160 and 165°C. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) was used as the crosslinking agent. The Monsanto Rheometer was used to investigate the different crosslinking stages and vulcanization kinetics. The thermal decomposition of peroxide followed a first order free radical decomposition reaction. Half-lives at various temperatures were determined. The percentage of residual peroxide was calculated from the cure kinetic data. The effect of residual peroxide on mechanical properties was studied at various peroxide levels and also by extending the cure time (from t90 to t95 and then to t100). Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus and compression set (70 and 100°C) were measured. Excess peroxide was found to cause a high compression set at elevated temperature and the cure time was selected to achieve minimum residual peroxide in the product. Results indicate that peroxide concentration is the dominant factor controlling the crosslink density and hence the properties of the vulcanizates.

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