Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sara Lorenzini
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Global Project

This introductory chapter provides an overview of how development became a Cold War global project from the late 1940s until the late 1980s. Narrating the political, intellectual, and economic history of the twentieth century through the lens of development means dealing with ideas as much as with material transformation, recounting the ways ideas and projects affected local realities, transnational interactions, and, eventually, notions of development. In describing this trajectory, the book makes three main points. First, it argues that the Cold War was fundamental in shaping the global aspirations and ideologies of development and modeling the institutional structures that still rule foreign aid today. Second, it contends that the role of the state was crucial, and that though development projects were articulated in global terms, as narratives to frame problems and provide solutions, they actually served national purposes. Third, it argues that development institutions tried to create a universal and homogeneous concept of development but ultimately failed.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Stearns
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Arms Races ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War

This introductory chapter discusses societies that have deliberately undertaken a program of demilitarization, with deep consequences in public and political culture as well as statecraft. The developments have occurred in decades dominated by the arms races of the Cold War and the assumption of most governments that the logics of success and security called for more weapons. Exploring the history of explicit demilitarization raises two related issues, both of which provide context for future studies. First, demilitarization as a term can be validly applied to a number of patterns of change—there is no heroic single definition. Second, while contemporary demilitarization has some distinctive features, it links with and builds on earlier historical precedents of several types.

Thailand at the Margins

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Glassman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
The Cold War

Jim Glassman addresses the role of the state in the industrial transformation of what was, before the economic crisis of 1997-98, one of Southeast Asia's fastest growing economies. Analyzing the Cold War period, the period of the economic boom, as well as the economic crisis and its political aftershock, Thailand at the Margins recasts the story of the Thai state's post-World War II development performance by focusing on uneven industrialization and the interaction between internationalization and the transformation of Thai labor.

The maintenance, repair and construction of ships in the French Empire during the eighteenth century

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-611
Author(s):  
David Plouviez
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Economic History ◽  
French Empire ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Construction Tasks ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Port Infrastructure

The history of maritime trade has been the subject of considerable research since the 1950s, but the technical artefacts of this trade have not received the attention they deserve. While historians have paid plenty attention to ships – their features, tonnage, etc. – and port infrastructure overseas, the issues relating to naval repair and construction in the Empires have rarely attracted interest. However, this is a key factor in understanding the dynamics of trade, which encompasses the interplay between economic history, social history and the history of technology. Drawing on the example of the French Empire, this article aims to provide a first approach to this economy of maintenance, repair and shipbuilding overseas. The first step is to identify the places where these complex tasks were carried out and to establish the temporality of equipment in overseas ports. Did the French Empire offer a network of ports equipped to maintain, repair and build ships? What equipment does this include? But while the question of infrastructure is crucial, insofar as it raises other issues related to the role of the State and its relationship with economic stakeholders, it is also essential to consider that a significant share of maintenance, repair and construction tasks were not associated with any specific infrastructure. The question of knowledge, know-how and their exchange within the Empires is also important and is the subject of the second part of this article. The aim is to demonstrate that the identification and breakdown of shipbuilding workers, the establishment of their occupational mobility and the technical discussions they engaged in with other Europeans, settlers or natives, provide challenging research opportunities that may help us to understand the maintenance, repair and construction of ships in the Empires.

FORUM: ELIE HALEVY, FRENCH LIBERALISM, AND THE POLITICS OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC INTRODUCTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
K. STEVEN VINCENT
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
General Decline ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War

The history of French liberalism is undergoing a renaissance. For much of the twentieth century, it was viewed with disdain, as insufficiently “engaged,” as too tentative in its demands for social reform, as overly optimistic concerning the progress of reason and science. Scholarship during the past three decades has challenged these views, though it is notable that there is still, to my knowledge, no general history of French liberalism that goes past the consolidation of the Third Republic in the late 1870s. Part of the ongoing reassessment has been the consequence of the decline of revolutionary illusions and of marxisant frameworks of analysis following 1968, reinforced by the more general decline of the left following the end of the Cold War in 1989 and the implosion of the Soviet Union in 1991. Another element contributing to this reassessment has been the emergence of more nuanced definitions of “liberalism,” ones that are not limited to legal (civil liberties), political (constitutionalism), and/or economic (free trade) dimensions. Equally important, scholars are insisting, are conceptions of science, of religion, of the role of the state, of solidarity, of sociability, of moeurs, of identity, of gender, of the self.

scholarly journals Ideological Clichés and Myths as an Instrument of the U.S. Foreign Policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
V I Yakunin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The U.S

The article deals with the analysis of the myths and ideological clichés as the fundamental elements of U.S. foreign policy. The author emphasizes the necessity to study the discourses formed by political elites around the main problems and directions of the state’s foreign policy. At the same time, in the article an attempt is made to integrate the achievements of Western and Russian political science related to ideological clichés and myths. Particular attention is paid to the role of myths and ideological clichés in the legitimization of the government’s foreign policy actions in the eyes of the electorate. The author shows the history of the formation of the basic myths and clichés of the U.S. foreign policy, their implementation during and after the Cold War. The article contains a detailed analysis of the concept of American exclusivity as well as the foreign policy guidelines that follow from it. In conclusion, the author shows how the world has adopted to such an approach for conducting foreign policy by the hegemonic state and what methods it uses to counteract it.

scholarly journals Femmes d’acier. Les communistes espagnoles et la Federation Democratique Internationale des Femmes (1945-1950) = Mujeres de acero. Las comunistas españolas y la Federación Democrática Internacional de Mujeres (1945-1950) = Steel women. Spanish communists and the Women’s International Democratic Federation (1945-1950)

2020 ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Mercedes Yusta Rodrigo
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Political Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Relationship

Resumen: El artículo aborda una faceta poco conocida de la historia de la militancia de las mujeres comunistas españolas en el exilio: su participación en una organización internacional, la Federación Democrática Internacional de Mujeres, creada en Paris en 1945 con el objetivo de federar las organizaciones de mujeres antifascistas del mundo entero. Las comunistas españolas, con Dolores Ibárruri a la cabeza, tuvieron un papel muy importante en la definición de las estrategias y la propia organización de la Federación, la cual representa un caso de movilización femenina transnacional muy importante en el marco de la Guerra fría. El articulo resitúa la creación de organizaciones femeninas antifascistas en la larga duración, describe el papel de las comunistas españolas en el seno de la FDIM, y, finalmente, analiza la relación entre la FDIM y la movilización antifranquista, que incluye la creación de un lenguaje político común en el seno de este movimiento femenino, muy marcado por el materialismo político.Palabras clave: Mujeres, Comunismo, Exilio, Internacionalismo, Antifascismo, Guerra Fría.Abstract: The article addresses a little-known facet of the history of the militancy of Spanish communist women in exile : their participation in an international organization, the Women’s International Democratic Federation, created in Paris in 1945 with the aim of federating anti-fascist women’s organizations worldwide. The Spanish communists, led by Dolores Ibárruri, played a very important role in defining the strategies and organization of the Federation itself, which represents a very important case of transnational women’s mobilization in the context of the Cold War. The article discusses the creation of women’s anti-fascist organizations in the long term, describes the role of the Spanish communists within the FDIM, and finally analyzes the relationship between the FDIM and the anti-Franco mobilization, which includes the creation of a common political language within this women’s movement, very marked by political motherhood.Keywords: Women, Communism, Exile, Internationalism, Anti-fascism, Cold War.

scholarly journals عروض مختصرة

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (62) ◽  
pp. 208-197
Author(s):  
أسماء حسين ملكاوي
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Law And Ethics ◽  
Finance Law ◽  
Globalized Economy ◽  
History Of

موسوعة الاقتصاد الإسلامي في المصارف والنقود والأسواق المالية، تحرير رفعت السيد العوضي، القاهرة: المعهد العالمي للفكر الإسلامي ودار السلام للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع والترجمة، 2010م، 12مجلداً، 6560 صفحة. نظرية الحسم الزمني في الاقتصاد الإسلامي، مجدي علي غيث، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية: المعهد العالمي للفكر الإسلامي، 2010م، 288 صفحة. نظرية المخاطرة في الاقتصاد الإسلامي دراسة تأصيلية تطبيقية، عدنان عبد الله عويضة، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية: المعهد العالمي للفكر الإسلامي، 2010م، 351 صفحة. مدخل في مدارس الفكر الاقتصادي؛ نظرة تحليلية للتطورات الاقتصادية المعاصرة من منظور الاقتصاد الإسلامي والاقتصاد الرأسمالي، عمرو هشام محمد، دمشق: دار طلاس للدراسات والنشر، ط1، 2009م، 152 صفحة. الحقوق الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والسياسية في الشريعة الإسلامية، محمد علي السالم الحلبي، عمان: مؤسسة الوراق للنشر والتوزيع، 2009م، 434 صفحة. الأزمة المالية العالمية (رؤية إسلامية)، أشرف محمد دوابة، القاهرة: دار السلام، 2009م، 160 صفحة. قضايا اقتصادية عربية، سميح مسعود، عمان: دار الشروق للنشر، 2009م، 560 صفحة. المعاملات المالية المعاصرة وأثر نظرية الذرائع في تطبيقاتها، أختر زيتي بنت عبد العزيز، دمشق: دار الفكر المعاصر، 2008م، 383 صفحة. التداول الإلكتروني للعملات- أحكامها الشرعية، بشر محمد لطفي، عمان: دار النفائس، 2009م، 232 صفحة. الآثار الاقتصادية لأسواق الأوراق المالية من منظور الاقتصاد الإسلامي، زكريا سلامة عيسى شطناوي، عمان: دار النفائس، 2009م، 272 صفحة. First Principles of Islamic Economics, Sayyid Abul A'la Mawdudi (Author), Shafaq Hashmi (Translator), UK: Islamic Foundation (15 Oct 2009). Islamic Money and Banking: Integrating Money in Capital Theory, Iraj Toutounchian, NJ: Wiley (July 7, 2009), 350 pages. Role of the State in the Economy: An Islamic Perspective (Islamic Economics), Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi, UK: The Islamic Foundation (March 1, 2010), 175 pages. Islamic Capitalism: Presentation of an Alternative Economic System, Maher D. Kababji, Wordclay (January 21, 2009), 72 pages. False Economy: A Surprising Economic History of the World, Alan Beattie, Riverhead Hardcover (April 16, 2009), 336 pages. The Role of Law and Ethics in the Globalized Economy (MPI Studies on Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law), Joseph Straus, Springer; 1 edition (May 11, 2009), 177 pages. Economic Liberalization, Social Capital and Islamic Welfare Provision, Jane R. Harrigan, Hamid El-Said, Palgrave Macmillan (June 23, 2009), 272 pages. New Issues in Islamic Finance and Economics: Progress and Challenges, Hossein Askari, Zamir Iqbal, Abbas Mirakhor, Wiley (June 27, 2008), 373 pages. Islamic Finance: Law, Economics, and Practice, Mahmoud A. El-Gamal, Cambridge University Press; 1 edition (November 24, 2008), 240 pages. Understanding Islamic Finance, Muhammad Ayub, Wiley (January 2, 2008), 542 pages. A Comparative Study of Banking in the West and in Islam, Cheikh A. Soumare, Vantage Press (October 6, 2008), 77 pages. للحصول على كامل المقالة مجانا يرجى النّقر على ملف ال PDF  في اعلى يمين الصفحة.

Cold War Intelligence History

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Prados
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Intelligence Operations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Perceptions Of Leaders ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter examines the role of intelligence operations in the history of the Cold War. The analysis reveals that Cold War intelligence agencies played important roles in foreign policy in the way they conditioned the perceptions of leaders and catalyzed events. One of the best examples of this is the direct influence of intelligence operations upon diplomacy in the U-2 Affair. The chapter, which suggests that intelligence activities in the Cold War produced diplomatic and military consequences and influenced international agreements, also discusses the role of espionage and technical data collection in providing diplomats with vital information for negotiations with their counterparts.

scholarly journals Methodological questions regarding the economic history of Byzantium

2001 ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Angeliki Laiju
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The People ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Economic Ideology ◽  
The Relationship

"The Economic History of Byzantium", now in press, has been discussed on the basis of new archaeological data, a broader historiographical environment and on the economic ideology. The methodological problems concern chronology, the role of the state, the relationship between ideology and reality, the significance of smallholdings, the usefulness of modern economic theory. The economy was a mixed one, providing some of the important needs of the people.

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