Trait-Based Approach to Fish Ecology

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-160
Author(s):  
Ken H. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Asymptotic Size ◽  
Current State ◽  
Investment In Reproduction

This chapter proposes a shortlist of fish “master” traits and connects these traits to classic life-history strategy thinking. First, it sets the historical background for the current state-of-the-art thinking about fish life history strategies. From there, the chapter explains that the main axes of variation between fish species can be captured by three traits: the asymptotic size; the growth rate coefficient; and the adult–offspring mass ratio strategy. Together, these three traits determine the central demographic parameters: somatic growth rate, investment in reproduction, age at maturation, survival to maturation, mortality, and so on, and from there follows population-level quantities like population growth rate, population structure, fitness, and selection responses. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the trait-based approach and compares it to other methods of assessment.

How coexistence may influence life history: the reproductive strategies of sympatric congeneric terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscidea)

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1214-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Laís Zimmermann ◽  
Alexandre Varaschin Palaoro ◽  
Didier Bouchon ◽  
Maurício Pereira Almerão ◽  
Paula Beatriz Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Terrestrial Isopods ◽  
Investment In Reproduction ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Reproductive Processes

Patterns of allocation between reproduction, survival, and maintenance are what we call life history. By investigating the life-history strategy of sympatric species, we may understand how they are able to coexist, as different strategies are expected to evolve in species that occupy similar niche space. Terrestrial isopods are a group in which multiple species frequently inhabit the same area. Notably, they are usually infected by Wolbachia Hertig, 1936, a notorious manipulator of the hosts’ reproductive processes. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the investment in reproduction in three sympatric and closely related species of terrestrial isopods: Atlantoscia floridana (Van Name, 1940), Atlantoscia inflata Campos-Filho and Araujo, 2015, and Atlantoscia petronioi Campos-Filho, Contreira and Lopes-Leitzke, 2012, only the latter being infected with Wolbachia. We showed that the presence of the bacteria seems not to affect the fitness of A. petronioi, because there was no clear difference in the reproductive output of infected and noninfected individuals. On the other hand, we observed that the three species possess alternative life-history strategies; that is, they differ in how much they invest in maintenance (body size) and reproductive effort. Such differences probably facilitate the species coexistence, reducing the competition among them.

scholarly journals Dynamics in a simple evolutionary-epidemiological model for the evolution of an initial asymptomatic infection stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (21) ◽  
pp. 11541-11550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadi M. Saad-Roy ◽  
Ned S. Wingreen ◽  
Simon A. Levin ◽  
Bryan T. Grenfell
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable Strategy ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Epidemiological Model ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Life History Characteristic ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Trade Offs

Pathogens exhibit a rich variety of life history strategies, shaped by natural selection. An important pathogen life history characteristic is the propensity to induce an asymptomatic yet productive (transmissive) stage at the beginning of an infection. This characteristic is subject to complex trade-offs, ranging from immunological considerations to population-level social processes. We aim to classify the evolutionary dynamics of such asymptomatic behavior of pathogens (hereafter “latency”) in order to unify epidemiology and evolution for this life history strategy. We focus on a simple epidemiological model with two infectious stages, where hosts in the first stage can be partially or fully asymptomatic. Immunologically, there is a trade-off between transmission and progression in this first stage. For arbitrary trade-offs, we derive different conditions that guarantee either at least one evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) at zero, some, or maximal latency of the first stage or, perhaps surprisingly, at least one unstable evolutionarily singular strategy. In this latter case, there is bistability between zero and nonzero (possibly maximal) latency. We then prove the uniqueness of interior evolutionarily singular strategies for power-law and exponential trade-offs: Thus, bistability is always between zero and maximal latency. Overall, previous multistage infection models can be summarized with a single model that includes evolutionary processes acting on latency. Since small changes in parameter values can lead to abrupt transitions in evolutionary dynamics, appropriate disease control strategies could have a substantial impact on the evolution of first-stage latency.

Effect of time of day, time of year, and life history strategy on time budgeting in juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 2397-2403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sveinn K Valdimarsson ◽  
Neil B Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Juvenile Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Time Of Year

Traditionally, behavioural studies on juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, have been conducted during the day in summer. It is known that Atlantic salmon become nocturnal in winter, but very little is known about their behaviour at that time. Therefore, observations in a seminatural stream were carried out during the day and night, from February to June, comparing diel and seasonal differences in behaviour between fish adopting alternative life history strategies. The results showed a general trend for more activity in spring than in winter, and the fish were found to be foraging at surprisingly low light levels. There were differences in relative feeding rate between the life history strategies; the early migrant fish foraged mostly during the day whereas the delayed migrant fish did more foraging at night. There is some evidence that the early migrant fish made fewer feeding attempts over the winter, which is surprising, since they grow faster over that period. This suggests differences in foraging efficiency, which could contribute to the separation into these two life history strategies.

Life History Strategies

2018 ◽  
pp. 95-126
Author(s):  
Marco Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Basic Model

The chapter introduces the basics of life history theory, the concept of life history strategy, and the fast–slow continuum of variation. After reviewing applications to animal behavior and physiology, the chapter reviews current theory and evidence on individual differences in humans as manifestations of alternative life history strategies. The chapter first presents a “basic model” of human life history–related traits, then advances an “extended model” that identifies multiple cognitive-behavioral profiles within fast and slow strategies. Specifically, it is proposed that slow strategies comprise prosocial/caregiving and skilled/provisioning profiles, whereas fast strategies comprise antisocial/exploitative and seductive/creative profiles. The chapter also reviews potential neurobiological markers of life history variation and considers key methodological issues in this area.

scholarly journals RETRACTED ARTICLE: Novel life history strategy in a deep sea fish challenges assumptions about reproduction in extreme environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Randal A. Singer ◽  
Jon A. Moore ◽  
Edward L. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Homogeneous System ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Retracted Article ◽  
Sea Fish

Abstract The deep ocean is frequently assumed to be a homogeneous system lacking the same diverse life history strategies found in shallower waters. However, as our methods for exploring the deep ocean improve, common assumptions about dispersal, reproduction and behavior are constantly being challenged. Fishes exhibit the most diverse reproductive strategies among vertebrates. Understanding life history strategies in deep-sea environments is lacking for many species of fishes. Here, we report a novel reproductive strategy where a fish (Parazen pacificus) provides parental care via mouth brooding. This behavior is observed from a specimen collected with eggs present in the buccal cavity, along with other specimens exhibiting pre-brooding morphologies. This is the first description of this unique life history trait in a deep-sea fish and fills in a gap in the larval literature for this family of fishes and prompts further investigation into other novel reproductive modes of deep-sea fauna.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Life-history traits of Amur sleeper, Perccottus glenii, in the invaded Vistula River: early investment in reproduction but reduced growth rate

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 683 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-311
Author(s):  
Joanna Grabowska ◽  
Dariusz Pietraszewski ◽  
Mirosław Przybylski ◽  
Ali Serhan Tarkan ◽  
Lidia Marszał ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Amur Sleeper ◽  
Perccottus Glenii ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Investment In Reproduction

scholarly journals Life-history traits of Amur sleeper, Perccottus glenii, in the invaded Vistula River: early investment in reproduction but reduced growth rate

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 661 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grabowska Joanna ◽  
Pietraszewski Dariusz ◽  
Przybylski Mirosław ◽  
Tarkan Ali Serhan ◽  
Marszał Lidia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Amur Sleeper ◽  
Perccottus Glenii ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Investment In Reproduction

Life history variation in Celleporella hyalina (Bryozoa)

1986 ◽  
Vol 228 (1251) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Male And Female

In colonies of the cheilostome bryozoan Celleporella hyalina (L.), water flow regime has a significant effect on colony growth rate and, indirectly, on the number of reproductive zooids produced. Higher growth rates occur under conditions of higher water flow. Sex ratio and reproductive output are not, however, significantly affected. Colonies of different genotypes show significant differences in their reproductive versus somatic investment, and in their allocation of resources to male and female functions. There is therefore genetically based variation in life history strategy within the population of colonies. This variation may reflect limitation of normalizing selection imposed by microenvironmental variability.

Leadership in dangerous times: Life-history strategy and environmental condition affect preferences for dominant and prestigious leaders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhu ◽  
Binbin Chen ◽  
Lei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Strategy Study ◽  
Leadership Preferences

Dominance and prestige, as two distinct status-attaining qualities, are present in modern-day leaders at various levels of social hierarchies to various degrees. From an evolutionary perspective, we speculate that such leadership qualities are implicitly linked to the leadership preferences of followers in the environments where they are more effective or necessary. Moreover, individuals’ life-history strategy might moderate the effect of some contextual factors, such as environmental danger, on leadership preferences of dominant versus prestigious leaders. Three studies tested these hypotheses. In two implicit association test (IAT) experiments, we found that (1) participants implicitly associated danger with dominance, and safety with prestige (Study 1a, N = 32); (2) the relative strength of the implicit association between positive evaluation and prestige is positively correlated with participants’ slow life-history strategy (Study 1b, N = 67). In a third experiment (Study 2, N = 95), self-reported life-history strategy also moderated the effects of experimentally manipulated danger on leadership preferences. The association between dangerous environments and dominant leadership preference was stronger for participants with fast life-history strategies than those with slow life-history strategies.

Physiological Characterization of Hatchery-Origin Juvenile Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss Adopting Divergent Life-History Strategies

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle C. Hanson ◽  
William L. Gale ◽  
William G. Simpson ◽  
Benjamen M. Kennedy ◽  
Kenneth G. Ostrand
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Migratory Fish ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
Subunit Expression ◽  
Mature Fish

Abstract Smoltification by juvenile Pacific salmonids has been described as a developmental conflict whereby individuals face several life-history decisions. Smoltification occurs as a result of interactions between organismal condition and environmental cues, although some fish may forgo ocean migration and remain in freshwater streams for some time (residualize). We compared the physiological profiles of steelhead that were actively migrating to the ocean (migratory fish) and those that remained in fresh water (residuals) for at least a period of between 2 wk and 3 mo after release from a hatchery facility. In addition, we investigated the physiological characterization of residuals that further differentiated into precocial freshwater residents or parr that will either precocially mature in fresh water or migrate to the ocean in the future. Residuals had higher condition factors and gonadosomatic index than migratory fish and were characterized as less prepared for saltwater due to low levels of gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and Na+,K+-ATPase α1b-subunit expression. Residuals tended to be males with the highest condition factors. Sex-specific differences are probably reflective of male fish adopting an alternative life-history strategy foregoing outmigration as a result of condition at the time of release. Collection of residuals throughout the fall suggested that residual hatchery fish further diversify into precocially mature fish that will presumably attempt to spawn without ever migrating to the ocean or into parr that will precocially mature or migrate in a future year.

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