The Large Novel and the Law of Large Numbers: Daniel Deronda and the Counterintuitive

Good Form ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 153-190
Author(s):  
Jesse Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Daniel Deronda ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Conceptual Shift ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

This chapter assesses the counterintuitive: the ending that “feels wrong,” or that does not work out as it seems it should. Certainly, this could mean many things, from a poorly constructed novel to the pedagogy implied by naturalist accident. The form of the counterintuitive that structures much of George Eliot's Daniel Deronda (1876), however, and which enacts the novel's stern moral lesson, develops from Eliot's more social concerns. Eliot, throughout her writing career, worked with an idea of narrative intuition, and formal morality, connected with the model consisting of a working out of the identity between an individual and the larger group. In Deronda, though, with its consistent concentration on ideas of probability and statistical significance, one sees a conceptual shift in Eliot's thinking about the relation of the one and the many. In short: though the larger workings of human interaction indicate that a certain state of affairs shall certainly come about at the largest levels, this offers no indication of how or when this might resolve in the individual case.

scholarly journals Entangling Lattice-Trapped Bosons with a Free Impurity: Impact on Stationary and Dynamical Properties

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Maxim Pyzh ◽  
Kevin Keiler ◽  
Simeon I. Mistakidis ◽  
Peter Schmelcher
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Entropy Measures ◽  
Particle Level ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Tunneling Dynamics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Trapped Bosons

We address the interplay of few lattice trapped bosons interacting with an impurity atom in a box potential. For the ground state, a classification is performed based on the fidelity allowing to quantify the susceptibility of the composite system to structural changes due to the intercomponent coupling. We analyze the overall response at the many-body level and contrast it to the single-particle level. By inspecting different entropy measures we capture the degree of entanglement and intraspecies correlations for a wide range of intra- and intercomponent interactions and lattice depths. We also spatially resolve the imprint of the entanglement on the one- and two-body density distributions showcasing that it accelerates the phase separation process or acts against spatial localization for repulsive and attractive intercomponent interactions, respectively. The many-body effects on the tunneling dynamics of the individual components, resulting from their counterflow, are also discussed. The tunneling period of the impurity is very sensitive to the value of the impurity-medium coupling due to its effective dressing by the few-body medium. Our work provides implications for engineering localized structures in correlated impurity settings using species selective optical potentials.

scholarly journals Intensity of Soccer Players’ Training Load in Small-Sided Games with Various Content Focus

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-68
Author(s):  
Nikolas Nagy ◽  
Miroslav Holienka ◽  
Matej Babic ◽  
Jakub Michálek ◽  
Egon Kunzmann
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Internal Reaction ◽  
Game Activity ◽  
Systematic Training ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Post Hoc

Summary The aim of this research was to make reference to the difference in heart rate values (HR) of soccer players in small-sided games (SSG) with various content focus. We assumed that the aim at the content in small-sided games would significantly affect the HR values of participating soccer players. The research group was comprised of players (n = 6) of the soccer club FK DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda (U15) at the age of 14 ± 0.7 years. The HR values were evaluated on the basis of collected data, which we obtained using sport testers and special software POLAR TEAM2. In order to find out the statistical significance of the difference in HR was used the One-Way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test. The level of statistical significance was set at 5 %. We found out that by the change of the small-sided game’s content focus, the internal reaction of players’ organism to training load was at different level. In the SSG3, with the emphasis on the improvement of individual’s final offensive game activity – shooting, was recorded the highest achieved HRavg value of the monitored players (181.83 ±7.11 beats.min−1). This form of the SSG was the most intense. However, there were no significant differences in HR values among the individual forms of the SSG. Our recommendation is to employ in the systematic training process small forms of small-sided games with various content focus, because by the means of it we can adequately prepare the players for the match load itself.

The Position of the Insurance Press in relation to Insurance Offices and Insurance Interests

1881 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Cornelius Walford
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

I think the time has arrived when the subject indicated in the title of this paper may be fairly and fully considered. It is certainly one which must frequently have presented itself to the managerial mind; and there can be no reason why this question should not be discussed with as much philosophic calmness as any of the many theoretical problems, or points in practice, which continually present themselves for reflection, and perchance for decision.The point may indeed arise—whether I am the proper person to introduce the topic. I take the individual responsibility of deciding in the affirmative. I have, on the one hand, been as frequently assailed by the insurance press, as any one, and, on the other, received as much kindness and friendly recognition as any man can desire, and more than I claim to deserve. It may be that in either case the extreme has been reached, or passed. I have the advantage of having been a writer upon the press, insurance and general, from the days of my youth, and I say at once that my sympathies are largely on that side. But I think that the familiarity which draws me to the side of its virtues, also renders me, at least in some degree, cognizant of its short-comings. I have the further advantage of having been on various occasions consulted by managers on the one hand, and by editors on the other, upon the points which I now proceed to discuss.

scholarly journals From Obesity to Energy Metabolism: Ontological Perspectives on the Metrics of Human Bodies

Topoi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Serpico ◽  
Andrea Borghini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Social Narratives ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Conceptual Shift ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One

Abstract In this paper, we aim at rethinking the concept of obesity in a way that better captures the connection between underlying medical aspects, on the one hand, and an individual’s developmental history, on the other. Our proposal rests on the idea that obesity is not to be understood as a phenotypic trait or character; rather, obesity represents one of the many possible states of a more complex phenotypic trait that we call ‘energy metabolism.’ We argue that this apparently simple conceptual shift can help solve important theoretical misconceptions regarding the genetics, epigenetics, and development of obesity. In addition, we show that our proposal can be fruitfully paired with the concept of developmental channeling of a trait, which connects to the study of the plasticity and canalization of complex traits. Finally, we discuss the potential impact of our approach on the assessment, treatment, and social narratives of obesity.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS IN THE RABBIT

1920 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade H. Brown ◽  
Louise Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Active Condition ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

In a series of more than 200 rabbits in which generalized lesions were observed following local inoculation with Treponema pallidum, there were a number of animals in which characteristic lesions were noted upon mucous membranes or along mucocutaneous borders. These lesions were distributed with about equal frequency between the nose or nasolacrimal system and the eyelids on the one hand, and the genital and anal regions on the other. The lips and buccal mucosa appeared to be less subject to localized infections unless the papillomatous growths noted on the lips and under side of the tongue should prove to be in some way connected with such an infection. In many instances, the local reaction was initiated by an acute inflammatory process, and in the case of nasal and genital infections, a definite exudate was formed. The succeeding stages of the reaction consisted in an infiltration of the parts involved, together with a variable degree of proliferation of fixed tissue cells, leading eventually to necrosis and ulceration. The resulting lesions differed according to their location and the character of the reaction in the individual case. Localized infections of the nose occurred in several forms, first, as a rather diffuse affection of the nasal mucosa characterized by the presence of a mucopurulent exudate, second, as a more or less circumscribed process of infiltration with an especial predilection for the region of the anterior nares, and third, as a granulomatous process involving the alæ in particular. Involvement of the nasal mucosa was very commonly associated with lacrimal overflow and with some degree of conjunctivitis. The lesions of the eyelids were usually small, elevated papules or lesions of an ulcerative character some of which were surrounded by a zone of infiltration. In exceptional instances, large granulomatous lesions occurred along the margins of the lower lids. Infection of the penis and sheath gave rise to conditions analogous to those of the nose. In one group of animals, there was a diffuse affection characterized by redness and swelling of the parts with a mucopurulent exudate, in another there were circumscribed or diffuse infiltrations, while in a third the lesions formed were indurated granulomatous masses. Secondary necrosis with erosion or ulceration was a common feature of all these conditions. Localized infections in the region of the anus differed from those in other localities chiefly in the absence of an exudative group of affections and in the frequency with which lesions of a papillomatous type occurred. Lesions of mucous membranes and mucocutaneous borders developed at periods of time varying from a few weeks to several months after inoculation. Most of them were rather enduring and in several instances persisted in an active condition for considerably more than a year.

Emersonian Strategies: Negative Liberty, Self-Reliance, and Democratic Individuality

1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-479
Author(s):  
Cyrus R. K. Patell
Keyword(s):  
Common Denominator ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Negative Liberty ◽  
Positive Liberty ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Communal Institutions

Emersonian political thought subjects the term "individualism," which was invented in Europe as a description of the defects of Enlightenment thought and used by Tocqueville pejoratively as a critique of American democracy, to a process of idealization that enables it to appropriate concepts that might other-wise be conceived as oppositional to it. Emersonianism inherits Locke's negative conception of freedom as freedom from restraint, but claims that negative liberty inevitably transforms itself into a form of positive liberty that nurtures communal institutions. From Emerson himself to George Kateb today, Emersonians have relied upon a methodological individualism in which they shift the ground of inquiry from culture and society to the individual and traslate moments of social choice into moments of individual choice. This methodological strategy is a literal application of the motto e pluribus unum, which expresses the idea that the American nation is formed through the union of many individuals and peoples. In the hands of the Emersonians the customary sense of this motto is reversed: they move from the many to the one, to the single individual, paring away differences in order to reach a common denominator that will allow them to make claims about all individuals. At the heart of their endeavor is the belief that the health of the nation depends on its ability to respect and protect the individuality of each of its citizens.

Hindu Temples and the Emanating Cosmos

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 112-134
Author(s):  
Adam Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Formal Structure ◽  
Architectural Practice ◽  
Hindu Temples ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Human Source ◽  
The Way

A recurrent idea in Indian philosophical, theological, and mythological systems is that of a universe manifested through a sequence of emanations. Diverse traditions of doctrine and practice share this vision of the progression from the one to the many. Temple designs often embody the same pattern. Within the diverse traditions of Indian temple architecture, an emanatory scheme is observable both in the formal structure of individual temple designs, which express a dynamic sequence of emergence and growth, and in the way in which temple forms develop throughout the course of such traditions. The canonical Sanskrit texts on architecture (Vastu Shastras) share this emanatory way of thinking, presenting varied temple typologies in which designs develop from simple to complex, emerging sequentially one from another. These texts provide a framework for design that demands interpretation and improvisation, while leading to results that are only partly determined by the individual architect. This contributes to a sense, powerfully established by the unfolding potential of the tradition of architectural practice, that a new temple design is svayambhu (self-manifesting) appearing through a cosmic process from a supra-human source.

The Tangled Bank

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Franklin M. Harold
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Discrete Groups ◽  
Nutrient Cycles ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Individual Organism ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Tangled Bank

Why are there so many kinds of organisms, and why do they cluster into discrete groups associated with particular locales? These and other ecological questions find answers in the expansive version of evolution that is presently emerging. Heredity, variation, natural selection, and adaptation are rooted in the level of genes, but incorporate features that grow out of the many tiers of biological organization. The communitarian view of life complements the one focused on the individual organism, and requires us to reexamine the meaning of both organism and individual. It embraces broad-gauge phenomena such as nutrient cycles, and gave birth to Gaia: the vision of Earth as a self-regulating system that has kept our planet hospitable to life for nearly 4 billion years.

scholarly journals Use of the feline interdigital semiochemical (FIS) to redirect unwanted scratching behaviour in cats

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Goins
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
The Third ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Designs

PICO question Can the use of a synthetic feline interdigital semiochemical (FIS), with the provision of a scratching post, redirect unwanted scratching behaviour in cats better than provision of a scratching post alone?   Clinical bottom line Category of research question Treatment The number and type of study designs reviewed Three studies were evaluated. One was a randomised blinded trial on a single group of subjects following a crossover repetition design (Cozzi et al., 2013), the second was an open, uncontrolled study (Beck et al., 2018), and the third was a randomised unblinded trial on a single group of subjects using a placebo (Zhang et al., 2019). Strength of evidence Weak Outcomes reported In two of the three studies where the FIS pheromone was applied to the scratching posts resulted in a statistically significant increase in the cats’ scratching behaviour compared to the control. The third study showed a result approaching statistical significance (p = 0.06). Conclusion Based on the assessed studies there is weak evidence that FIS used in conjunction with the provision of a scratching post is more successful in redirecting unwanted scratching behaviour than provision of a scratching post alone. However, further studies using larger and more representative cohorts are needed in order to confirm the accuracy of these results.   How to apply this evidence in practice The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.  

Heroes and the many: Typological reflections on the collective appeal of the heroic: revolutionary Iran and its implications

Thesis Eleven ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 072551362110331
Author(s):  
Olmo Gölz
Keyword(s):  
Single Individual ◽  
Niklas Luhmann ◽  
Ordinary Person ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Good And Evil

The heroic figure is a human fiction of the wholly singular. In the hero, discourses about ideals and exemplariness, extra-ordinariness and exceptionalness, agonality, transgressivity, or good and evil become condensed into a single individual. Thus, the hero is the opposite of the masses. As it is argued in this article, the answer to the question of what distinguishes a hero lies in the supererogatory moment, the reference to the hero’s quality of more than can be expected: the heroic figure does more than he or she has to, more than duty requires of an ordinary person, and this is the reason they are heroized. However, this also points to a dialectic moment of the heroic in which the opposition between the hero and the many seems to be suspended. Following Niklas Luhmann, the hero represents the paradox of conformity through deviance, because through the example of their abnormality they produce in others a desire to imitate them. In the end, there is a collective appeal of the heroic that affects even the conceptual complement of the hero: the crowd which is characterized by the disappearance of the individual within it. Inspired by Luhmann’s sociological reflections on the heroic as well as Elias Canetti’s anthropological perspectives on the phenomena of the crowd, this article traces the rhetoric of the hero along its path from the singular to the plural. Against the backdrop of the analysis of the heroic in revolutionary Iran, a generalizable typology is proposed that distinguishes between the hero, the collective of heroes, the heroic collective, and collective heroism. This order reflects a progression that is analogous to the conjunction of the one and the many, moving qualitatively from the distinct figure of the hero to the indistinguishable masses.

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