scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION PRINCIPLES IN CONDITIONS OF MULTICRITERIA AND RISK OF COMPLEX TESTS OF MACHINE-BUILDING AND INSTRUMENT-MAKING SAMPLES

Author(s):  
V.A. Vaganov ◽  
◽  
V.P. Dimitrov ◽  
I.A Zajceva. ◽  
N.M. Harahashyan

Based on practical experience, the article provides recommendations for the use of adaptive methods for monitoring and managing the testing process of complex samples of mechanical engineering and instrument engineering. Considering tests as a continuous process, it is necessary to take into account that in real conditions of multi-criteria and risk, there is no possibility of its continuous change. This involves the selection of discrete process nodes that can be used for a preliminary integral assessment of the quality of the test process itself. In these discrete points, it is possible to make appropriate alternative decisions, i.e. to perform adaptive optimization of the process in accordance with the adaptive planning method.

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Vitalii Bezsonnyi

In the absence of uniform and unified requirements for the assessment of industrial risks at an enterprise, the system approach remains the only tool for a comprehensive assessment of the workplace safety. Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) system involves identifying, analyzing and reducing risks at the workplace. The purpose of the article is to calculate the minimum expenses for occupational safety measures and minimize production risks identified through the developed procedure for analyzing the hazards of the machine-building enterprise. The research methodology is based on the integrated use of qualitative and quantitative approaches to risk assessment, namely, structured assessment and integral assessment using the “rucksack problem” optimization model. The study identifies the risks that are most common and the most serious ones. The procedure of risk reduction is proposed, which is to determine the minimum costs for achieving each of the integral assessments for the machine-building enterprise. The practical value of work consists in the ability to directly apply the developed methodology for risk assessment at the enterprises of the machine-building industry, and to easily adapt the risk assessment procedure to other conditions.


2022 ◽  
Vol 1049 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Sergey Yu. Kireev ◽  
Svetlana N. Kireeva ◽  
Anatoly Frolov ◽  
Alfiya Yangurazova ◽  
Konstantin Anopin

Technological parameters for electroplating cadmium alloy (Cd (24)-In and Cd (33)-Sn) coatings from low toxic solutions have been proposed. Since the fabricated alloy coatings possess low internal stress and microhardness, good adhesion property, high corrosion and wear resistance, they can be used as protective coatings for machine building products to enhance reliability and operability thereof. The presence of good solderability and low values of transient electric resistance in climatic testing favor these coatings to be applied in hetero-structured contact systems of instrument making products for increasing their reliability and operability in a tropical marine climate.


It is probably true to say that at present there is no satisfactory theory of the process of melting. By this is meant that none of the existing theories can account satisfactorily for the sharp transition in properties which occurs at a precise temperature when a pure single component substance melts. An adequate theory must find a reason for the existence of a sharp temperature and must explain the change of volume and the latent heat of fusion in terms of interatomic forces. For this purpose it is necessary to devise a model of the solid and liquid states of such a kind that a change from one phase to the other can be regarded as taking place by a continuous process and represented mathematically by a continuous change of one or more suitable variables. An attempt to construct such a model has been made by the authors in a recent paper (Lennard-Jones and Devonshire 1939). It was based on the hypothesis that the essential difference between a solid and a liquid is that one is ordered and the other disordered and that a change from one state to the other can be followed by a continuous transition of a variable suitably chosen to represent the state of order. For this purpose the concept of disorder used by Bethe (1935) in his theory of binary alloys was used but adapted to a substance consisting only of one component. This was done by considering the distribution of atoms not only on their normal lattice sites (called α -sites) but also on certain other abnormal sites (called β -sites). These latter sites were taken to be certain positions in the interstices of the normal lattice positions. Owing to the repulsive fields of atoms at close quarters these sites must necessarily be positions of higher energy than the normal sites and will rarely be occupied at low temperatures.


Author(s):  
K. Yu. Klyuchnikov ◽  
V. G. Razdobreev ◽  
A. I. Leshchenko ◽  
D. G. Palamar’

The rolling-drawing process is used in the production of a large number of shaped profiles of complex configuration, including thin-walled, strip and periodic section profiles. This process, in comparison with drawing in monolithic dies, allows to reduce energy costs by 20–40 %, to increase deformation in one pass to 40–50 %, to reduce the number of preparatory operations (heat treatment, pickling), to exclude the use of expensive lubricants for drawing. Compared to the production of profiles by the method of cold rolling, the rolling-die process has a higher technological flexibility, does not require significant capital investments when organizing the production of precise profiles. At the same time, due to the presence of tensile stresses at the edges of the profile, which can cause their destruction, the assortment of strip-type profiles produced by this method was previously limited to readymade profiles with a ratio of width to height of no more than two. The authors of this work have previously developed a technology for the production of crimped steel strip with a width-to-height ratio of more than 10 by the rolling-drawing method. However, the developed calibration provides for a large number of transitions, complicates the organization of the production of strip profiles of a wide range of sizes, especially in the production of low-tonnage batches. To decrease the number of transitions, the use of dummy paases was proposed. It was shown that this will make it possible to increase the width-to-height ratio of strip-type profiles to 20, and, accordingly, reduce the production cost. The proposed technology for the production of strip-type profiles by the method of drawing in roller dies using dummy passes will allow to comprehensively solve the problem of providing machine-building and instrument-making enterprises by especially precise profiles of a wide range of sizes.


2020 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
A. N. Malyshev ◽  
◽  
S. A. Bysov ◽  
A. G. Orlik ◽  
Yu. V. Bessmertnaya ◽  
...  

The development of sheet-stamping production within the framework of meeting the needs of modern mechanical engineering involves the use of advanced technologies, materials and blanks, which makes certain requirements for the level of blank production technologies in general. In modern conditions, sheet-stamping production involves the manufacture of stamped parts in limited quantities due to their constantly changing design, which, in turn, requires optimization of the volume of investments and reduction of the time required for the implementation of technological preparation of production, flexibility of technological and design solutions, as well as the maximum approximation of all parameters of stamped parts to parameters of the finished product in order to reduce subsequent processing. Box-shaped sheet metal stamped parts obtained during the implementation of the drawing operation are actively used in the medical, light, watchmaking, food machine-building, electrical, instrument-making, and automotive industries. One of the main tasks for obtaining high-quality box-shaped sheet-stamped parts is the creation of a stamping technology that meets modern production requirements based on progressive methods for calculating shaping operations, as well as designing the contour of the original blank taking into account the peculiarities of the shaping process and the required geometric parameters of parts. Depending on the purpose of the box-shaped sheet-stamped part, the main geometric parameters are determined, the correspondence of the actual values of which to the required ones allows to make a conclusion regarding the quality of the obtained stamped product. As a rule, such a parameter is the height of the box-shaped part, the error of which ultimately should not exceed the tolerance assigned by the designer. For example, in the automotive industry, one of the promising directions for reducing the weight of a car while maintaining the strength parameters of its units and elements, as well as reducing their cost, is the introduction of sheet welded blanks of different thickness. This article is devoted to an experimental study of the error in the height of the contour of tall boxes with relatively large radii of corner curvatures, obtained by drawing from these blanks made of high-strength steel. This work was carried out within the framework of the grant NSh-2601.2020.8.


2019 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Miroshnikov ◽  
Anna Morozova ◽  
Tatyana Svetlichnaya

The problem of integrating European standards in the field of innovation management (SIM) into the existing quality management systems (QMS) of organizations is considered. The authors analyze the most relevant developments of the methodological foundations of innovation management, as a promising direction of scientific knowledge, and research aimed at summarizing the practical experience of its implementation in various sectors of the economy and the service sector. Particular attention is paid to analyzing scientific publications in the field of industrial innovation. The main directions of integrating innovation management methodologies into the systems of quality management of products and services operating at enterprises and organizations are proposed. The conceptual model of the innovation management system is presented, which contains its key elements. It is shown that for industrial enterprises and manufacturing firms it is inappropriate to have two different systems (QMS and SIM), which tend to the same goal namely to improve the product quality. A process model of innovation management that implements the principle of quality management called “Improvement” is proposed, and the description of the model is given. The specificity of implementing QMS and SIM integration processes at Russian enterprises of the machine-building complex is revealed.


The issue of industrial sector efficiency improvement is very relevant nowadays. The qualitative development of competitive advantages among domestic enterprises of instrument-making and engineering is possible nowadays mainly due to the effective use of available resources, the faster growth of labor productivity and enterprise innovative activity increase. At that it is important to pay a special attention to the development of an effective mechanism for innovative project competitive portfolio of production design and technological preparation (PDTP), since it is the quality, the duration and the cost of PDTP that largely determine the innovativeness and financial profitability of products. The article presents an economic-mathematical model of production capacity optimization, which allows to increase the efficiency of labor resource use and to optimize the time of new product development at machine-building enterprises (the load model for interchangeable resource groups). The model aims to minimize the total cost of documentation development, subject to simultaneous loading of employees in several projects within the matrix management structure. Thus, the competent planning of project portfolio financial efficiency concerning design and technological preparation in the modern dynamically developing world is one of the main attributes for a successful innovation and investment policy of an enterprise. The calculation of the proposed model serves the strategic and the tactical goals of an enterprise: it is necessary during the change of project participant composition and number and should be taken into account during personnel policy and enterprise overall strategy development.


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
V. I. Ivanov ◽  
V. A. Denisov ◽  
D. A. Ignatkov

The work is devoted to a universal resource-saving method of parts processing - electric spark alloying (ESA). It is used both in manufacturing and repairing. This method allows you to apply reinforced and restored coatings to various objects (parts, tools, and tooling) regardless of their shapes and sizes.Purpose of reseach is to show high universality and efficiency of ESA method on the examples of its practical application for problem solving of machine-building production and repair.Methods. The work is analytical and carried out taking into account authors' practical experience.Results. Some information about ESA method, coating forming mechanism, their thickness and properties is given. Implementing strengthening technologies wear resistance is increased by 2-5 times and more by coatings of increased hardness using electrodes from metal-ceramic hard alloys based on carbides of TiC, WC and other hard compounds. The expediency of recovery technologies is shown: wear of most parts (about 85%) of various techniques does not exceed 200 um and their recovery cost is usually no more than 25-30% of a new part cost; recovered parts resource is commensurate or exceeds new parts resource. Adjusting and restoring technologies are described using specific examples.Conclusion. Given examples of practical application of ESA method confirm high universality and efficiency of this method for solving machine-building and repair production problems. Obtained results can be used in method selecting for strengthening or reducing of various objects from metals and alloys (parts of machines, tools, technological equipment) taking into account ESA advantages.


2021 ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Р.Л. Сатановский ◽  
Д. Элент

Введение. Современные предприятия серийного машино- и приборостроения, их цеха и участки харктеризуются расширением номеклатуры, высокой скоростью её обновления, развитием цифровизации, совмещением виртуальных процессов с реальными, изменением условий взаимной адаптации производства и продукции, обоснованием снижения потенциальных ошибок и потерь при переходе к лучшему варианту развития и др. Необходимость учета этих факторов объективно обусловливает поиск новых методов повышения эффективности организации действующего производства. Данные и методы. Представлен комплексный подход к развитию организации серийного производства участков и цехов в условиях цифровизации неразрывно связан с мобилизацией внутренних резервов, моделированием параметров парности, виртуальных кластеров, эмерджентности, упреждения, взаимодействия ресурсов, снижения напряженности, согласования перестройки с подстройкой и др. Полученные результаты. Рассмотрено использование задач, входящих в концепцию планирования эффективного развития, включающую совокупность логически вытекающих одно из другого решений, которые ассоциируются с применением системы моделей, необходимых пояснений по работе с ними и конкретной последовательности шагов по реализации. В неё включены модели учета упреждения, локальной оптимизации, взаимодействия резервов, кластеризации, сближения виртуальной среды с реальной. Заключение. Использование рассмотренного подхода и методов оценки перехода от виртуальных кластеров организации к реальному производству в условиях снижения стабильности заказов позволяют в режиме on-line по-новому планировать использование резервов опережающего адаптивного развития эффективной организации производства участков и цехов предприятий. Благодарность проф. В. Димитрову, д-ру А. Бахмутскому и проф. А. Колосову за обсуждение материала статьи Introduction Modern enterprises of serial machine-building and instrument-making, their workshops and sections are characterized by: expansion of the nomenclature, high speed of its updating, development of digitalization, combining virtual processes with real ones, changing conditions for mutual adaptation of production and products, justification of reducing potential errors and losses during the transition to the best variant of development, etc. The need to take into account such factors objectively determines the search for new methods to increase the efficiency of organizing existing production. Data and Methods. An integrated approach to the development of the organization of serial production of sites and workshops in the context of digitalization is presented, which is inextricably linked with the mobilization of internal reserves, modeling of paired parameters, virtual clusters, emergence, anticipation, resource interaction, tension reduction, reconciliation of restructuring with adjustment, etc. Results Obtained. The use of tasks included in the concept of effective development planning, including a set of decisions that logically follow one from the other, which are associated with the use of a system of models, the necessary explanations for working with them and a specific sequence of steps for implementation, are considered. It includes models: accounting for anticipation, local optimization, interaction of reserves, clustering, convergence of the virtual environment with the real one. Conclusion. The use of the considered approach and methods for assessing the transition from virtual clusters of an organization to real production in conditions of decreasing order stability allows on-line to plan in a new way the use of the reserves of proactive adaptive development of the effective organization of production of sites and workshops of enterprises


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