scholarly journals THE CORPUS RESEARCH OF THE RUSSIAN VERBAL PREFIXES (BASED ON THE VERBS WITH PREFIX PRED-)

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Юлия Александровна Вострова ◽  
Юлия Вадимовна Филь
Keyword(s):  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Verbal Prefixes ◽  
Russian Verb ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
The Church ◽  
National Corpus

Введение. Представлено исследование функционально-семантического своеобразия русских глагольных префиксов на примере приставки ПРЕД- и глагола предвидеть. Материал и методы. Анализ смыслового содержания префикса ПРЕД- основан на данных лексикографических источников, описание его функционального своеобразия выполнено на материале Национального корпуса русского языка. Исследование построено на положениях, разработанных в рамках грамматических и дериватологических исследований русского глагола. В качестве основных теоретических установок приняты следующие: основная функция русских глагольных приставок – словообразовательная, приставка призвана модифицировать значение исходного глагола; в отличие от суффикса, приставка характеризуется большей структурной и смысловой автономностью, имеет способность выступать в качестве своеобразного стилистического маркера глагольной единицы. Результаты и обсуждение. Исходя из принятых установок исследования, высказана мысль о том, что некоторые из русских префиксов способны «программировать» глагольную единицу на ее использование в определенной речевой практике, так как значение префикса (и значение глаголов с данным префиксом в целом) отвечает коммуникативным интенциям данной дискурсивной практики. На основе проведенного анализа значений русских глагольных приставок выделены приставки с указанной способностью, ярким представителем которых является префикс ПРЕД- в проспективном значении – «заранее совершить (или совершать) действие». Охарактеризованы значения приставки в старославянском и современном русском языках, рассмотрен словообразовательный тип глаголов с ПРЕД-, частотность их употребления. С учетом старославянского происхождения исследуемого префикса и общей закрепленностью некоторых глаголов с ПРЕД- за религиозным дискурсом сформулирована рабочая гипотеза о том, что глаголы с ПРЕД- реализуются в церковно-богословской сфере функционирования, а также в других функциональных сферах, для которых характерно использование в соответствии с тематикой текстов единиц с проспективной семантикой. Анализ контекстов с глаголом предвидеть (на фоне контекстов с видеть) частично подтвердил выдвинутую гипотезу, продемонстрировав преимущественное использование приставочного глагола в текстах учебно-научной, художественной и публицистической функциональных сфер с тематикой «Политика и общественная жизнь», «Наука и технология», «Искусство и культура» и незначительный процент реализации глагола в церковно-богословской сфере. Заключение. Обращение к данным Национального корпуса русского языка позволило выявить спектр дискурсивных реализаций глагола с приставкой ПРЕД- на современном этапе; подтвердило наличие определенной корреляции между значением префикса и функциональной сферой и тематикой текста, в котором реализуется приставочный глагол; продемонстрировало необходимость дальнейшего изучения функциональных особенностей русских глагольных префиксов на материале корпусных данных. Introduction. The article presents a study of functional-semantic peculiarities of Russian verbal prefixes on the example of the prefix PRED- and the verb predvidet (to foresee). Material and methods. Analysis of the semantic meaning of the prefix PRED- is based on the data of lexicographic sources, the description of its functional distinctiveness is made on the material of the Russian National Corpus. The Study is made on the basic principles of the grammatical and derivatological research of the Russian verb. The main theoretical points of this article are: the main function of Russian verb prefixes is word-forming, prefix is to modify the meaning of the initial verb; in contrast to the suffix the prefix is characterized by greater structural and semantic autonomy, and has the capacity to act as a kind of stylistic marker of the of the verb unit. Results and discussion. Based on the accepted objectives of the study, it was suggested that some of the Russian prefixes are able to “program” a verb unit to use it in a particular speech practice, since the meaning of the prefix (and the meaning of verbs with this prefix as a whole) corresponds to the communicative intentions of this discursive practice. Based on the analysis of the meanings of Russian verbal prefixes, prefixes with the indicated ability are highlighted, the bright representative of which is the prefix PRED in the prospective meaning – “to perform (or perform) an action in advance”. The meanings which had this prefix in Old Slavic and has them in modern Russian are characterized, word-forming type of verbs with PRED- and frequency of their use are also considered. Taking into account the Old Slavonic origin of the studied prefix and the general fixation of some verbs with the PRE for religious discourse, a working hypothesis is formulated that the verbs with PRE-implemented in the churchtheological sphere of functioning, as well as in other functional areas, which are characterized by the use in accordance with subjects of texts of units with prospective semantics. An analysis of the contexts with the verb predvidet’ (to foresee) (against the background of contexts with videt’ (to see) partially confirmed the hypothesis put forward, demonstrating the predominant use of the prefix verb in the texts of educational, scientific, artistic and journalistic functional areas with the themes “Politics and Public Life”, “Science and Technology”, “Art and Culture” and a small percentage of the implementation of the verb in the church-theological sphere. Conclusion. Due to the data from the Russian National Corpus we could identify a range of discursive implementations of the verb with the prefix PRED- at the present stage, confirm the presence of a certain correlations between the prefix meaning, the functional sphere and subject of the text in which the prefix verb is implemented. Also it helps as to demonstrate the necessity for further study of the functional features of Russian verbal prefixes on the material of the corpus data.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICITY OF THE VERBS AND VERBAL PREFIXES IN RUSSIAN: CORPUS ANALYSIS (BASED ON MATERIAL OF VERBS WITH PREFIX PRED-)

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Юлия Александровна Сухорукова
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Verbal Prefixes ◽  
Relative Independence ◽  
Russian Verb ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

Введение. Современная корпусно-ориентированная лингвистика позволяет изучать явления языка, расширяя базу данных, на которой строятся исследования, привлекая для анализа широкие возможности текстовой и метатекстовой разметки корпусов. Цель – на основе данных Национального корпуса русского языка описать функциональное своеобразие русских глагольных префиксов (на материале глаголов с приставкой пред-), «отвечающих» за использование префиксального глагола в текстах определенной сферы функционирования и тематики. Материал и методы. Объектом данного исследования являются префикс пред- с проспективной семантикой «заранее совершить действие» и глаголы с ним, образованные по модели, привнесенной в русский язык из старославянского языка. Исходя из положения, что приставка, обладающая относительной самостоятельностью в структуре глагола по сравнению с суффиксом, способна не только модифицировать значение глагола, но и менять сферу его употребления, предлагается сравнительный анализ функционирования глагола с префиксом пред- и соответствующего ему бесприставочного глагола посредством анализа сферы функционирования и тематики текстов, в которых реализуются указанные единицы. Анализируются вхождения рассматриваемых глаголов в текстах девяти сфер функционирования (художественной, церковно-богословской, учебно-научной и т. д.) и 42 тематик (право, наука и технология, политика и общественная жизнь и т. д.). Результаты и обсуждение. Сделано предположение, что глаголы с приставкой пред- в силу ее старославянского происхождения и в современном русском языке оказываются задействованными в текстах церковно-религиозной сферы, а также в текстах тех сфер употребления, которые коррелируют с «прогнозирующей» функцией проспективных глаголов. Исходя из данного предположения рассматриваются пары единиц предсказать/сказать, предвидеть/видеть, предназначить/назначить, предшествовать/шествовать, предписать/писать; рассчитывается процент их употребления в текстах определенной сферы функционирования и тематики по отношению к количеству текстов в данной сфере и тематике; выявляются наиболее значимые для пред-единиц сферы функционирования (церковно-богословская, учебно-научная, художественная, производственно-техническая) и тематики текстов (философия, филология, астрономия, физика и т. п.), в которых зафиксированы исследуемые единицы. Заключение. Обращение к данным Национального корпуса русского языка позволило выявить изменение по сравнению с бесприставочными единицами сферы употребления глаголов с префиксом пред- (реже тематики текстов). Это позволяет утверждать, что приставка действительно способна влиять на употребление глаголов с ней. Introduction. Modern corpus-oriented linguistics allows us to study the phenomena of language, expanding the database on which research is based, attracting for analysis the wide possibilities of text and metatext markup of corpus. The aim of this work is to describe, based on the data of the Russian National Corpus, the functional peculiarity of Russian verb prefixes (based on the material of verbs with the prefix pred-), which are «responsible» for the use of the prefixal verb in texts of a certain sphere of functioning and subject matter. Material and methods. The object of this study is the prefix pred- with the prospective semantics «to do an action in advance» and verbs with it, formed according to the model introduced into the Russian language from the Old Slavic language. Based on the statement that the prefix, which has a relative independence in the structure of the verb in comparison with the suffix, is able not only to modify the meaning of the verb, but also to change the scope of its use, the article offers a comparative analysis of the functioning of the verb with the prefix pred- and the corresponding non-prepositional verb by analyzing the sphere of use and the subject of texts in which these units are realized. The article analyzes the occurrences of the verbs in the texts of 9 spheres of functioning (artistic, church-theological, educational-scientific, etc.) and 42 subjects (law, science and technology, politics and public life, etc.). Results and discussion. We suggest that verbs with the prefix pred-, due to its Old Slavic origin, are involved in the texts of the church-religious sphere in modern Russian, as well as in the texts of those spheres of use that correlate with the “predictive” function of prospective verbs. Based on this assumption, we consider pairs of units to predict/say, foresee/see, destine/assign, precede/march, prescribe/write; the percentage of their use in texts of a certain sphere of functioning and subject matter is calculated in relation to the number of texts in this sphere and subject matter; we identify the most significant areas of functioning (church-theological, educational-scientific, artistic, industrial-technical) and subjects of texts (philosophy, philology, astronomy, physics, etc.) in which the studied units are realized. Conclusion. The reference to the data of the Russian National Corpus revealed a change in the sphere of use of verbs with the prefix pred- (less often the subject of texts), which allows us to assert that the prefix is really able to influence the use of verbs with it.

PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZING AND CONDUCTING TOURIST RALLIES FOR STUDENTS IN YAROSLAVL REGION

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Алена Гусейнова ◽  
Alena Guseynova ◽  
Григорий ФИЛИППОВ ◽  
Grigory FILIPPOV
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Educational Tourism ◽  
Functional Features

The article is devoted to the organization and holding tourist rallies on the territory of Yaroslavl region. At the beginning of the article, the urgency and novelty of the issue studied by the authors are indicated. Next, the pedagogical aspects of tourist rallies, the identification of their functional features are examined, and the analysis of the rallies held in the territory of Yaroslavl region is given. First, the authors interpret the concept of a tourist gathering as a pedagogical system. Secondly, the article provides an analysis of tourist attractions in Yaroslavl region: the II All-Russia student’s active and amateur tourism rally “Nights over the Volga”, as well as the Regional profile non-mobile campground “The 70th tourist rally of training educational organizations of Yaroslavl region”. This analysis is based on the following criteria: identification of goals in the form of a objectives tree, bringing organizational characteristics, researching the basic principles of the activities of the meeting programs, developing functional features, summarizing the results. At the same time, the article lists unique forms of conducting events, used in the programs of the rallies studied, and also characterizes the main features of the competition. The article contains photographs made following the results of the tourist rallies. Moreover, the authors are trying to determine the components of the concept of tourist attractions in Yaroslavl region. In addition to all of the above, this article provides recommendations for improving the programs of youth tourist rallies. In the conclusion of the article, tourist rallies are designated as a development driver for educational tourism in Yaroslavl region.

scholarly journals Lubricin Structural and Functional Characteristics, Its Participation in Maintaining Articular Cartilage Tribological Parameters

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Tatyana Lyzo ◽  
Pavel Krylov
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Joint Prostheses ◽  
Tribological Parameters

Articular cartilage is constantly exposed to high loads. Wearing out of joints due to aging, as well as their poor functioning, is a common problem leading to a significant decline in the quality of human life. Lubricin is one of the main components of the biological lubrication system, it is a surface-active mucinous glycoprotein, which plays an important role in cartilage integrity. Its main function is to protect the cartilage surfaces from excessive friction – a necessary condition for maintaining the health of mammal joints. Moreover, lubricin has growth-regulating properties, it participates in the maturation of the subchondral bone and prevents cell adhesion. Although the molecule of lubricin was discovered almost half a century ago, there is still not much data available. The molecule has a great potential in medical applications. Studying lubricin can help solve problems caused by joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis. This review presents up-to-date information about structural and functional features of lubricin, its role in maintaining the integrity of articular cartilage, which can serve as a basis for the development of chondroprotectors or as a material to improve existing joint prostheses.

scholarly journals The view of the Ecumenical Synods on the state

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Metropolitan of Helsinki Johannes
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Church

When one wants to learn to know the basic principles of the Ancient, undivided Church concerning the State, as authoritatively and validly as possible, one has to turn to the teachings of the so-called Ecumenical Synods, which is the term used of those great synods of the bishops which were recognised as representing the mind of the Church and whose declarations and rulings thus were—and are, from the Orthodox point of view—binding on the whole Church. The period, during which the said synods of the ancient Church took place, falls between the 4th and the 8th centuries, the latest of them being held in 787.

Design thinking in hospitality education and research

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-457
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu Bhushan
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Service Design ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hospitality Education ◽  
Disciplinary Problems ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The One ◽  
Functional Areas

Purpose This paper aims to outline why design thinking is an engaging process and provide a methodical framework to approach complex, multi-disciplinary problems in ways that consistently yield solutions that are successful and often creative in unpredictable ways. It is a framework for thinking about complex, multidisciplinary problems and the one that applies to just about anything. Design/methodology/approach Service design is all about taking a service and making it meet the user and customer needs for that service. It can be used to improve an existing service or to create a new service from scratch. To adapt to service design, the designer will need to understand the basic principles of service design thinking and be able to focus on it. Findings This paper explores the possibilities for applying design thinking in the hospitality industry in general and hospitality education and research in particular. The functional areas of the hospitality profession are explored, evaluated and then integrated as a holistic design to provide coherence, connectivity and linkages. Originality/value The paper illustrates an application of design thinking to hospitality research and education.

scholarly journals Identification of Urban Functional Areas Based on POI Data: A Case Study of the Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfeng Hu ◽  
Yueqi Han
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Functional Area ◽  
Development Zone ◽  
Spatial Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Functional Areas

Functional areas are the basic spatial units in which cities or development zones implement urban plans and provide functions. Internet map big data technology provides a new method for the identification and spatial analysis of functional areas. Based on the POI (point of interest) data from AMap (a map application of AutoNavi) from 2017, this paper proposes an urban functional areas recognition and analysis method based on the frequency density and the ratio of POI function types. It takes the Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone as a case study to analyze the main function and spatial distribution characteristics of the detailed functional areas. The research shows the following: (1) The POI frequency density index and the function type ratio can effectively distinguish the functions of the grid units and analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of a complex functional area. (2) The single functional area is the most common area type in the Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone. The largest proportion of all areas is allocated to traditional manufacturing industry functional areas, followed by high-tech enterprises, catering and entertainment, real estate, and education and health care, in descending order. The smallest proportion is allocated to finance and insurance functional areas. (3) The current layout of the functional areas in the Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone conforms to the overall requirements and planning objectives of the central and local government. The layout and agglomeration of different blocks within the economic development zone are consistent with local industry’s target orientation and development history.

scholarly journals Verbal prefixation and realizations of antipassive alternations in Polish

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Mroczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Verbal Prefixes ◽  
Argument Realization ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
National Corpus

Various works on transitivity suggest that aspectual notions may constitute semantic determinants of argument realization. Observations included in these works prompted theories implying that argument realization may be aspectually driven. Following this line of thought, this article presents the results of corpus-based studies on antipassive structure in the Polish language and makes an attempt at confirming the fact that aspectual notion may determine argument realization. The article consists of three main sections. The first one focuses on notions of aspect and various aspectual propositions distinguished in the literature on the subject, regarding the Polish language in particular. The second section, illustrated with examples extracted from the National Corpus of Polish (NKJP) and the corpus of Wielki Słownik Języka Polskiego (KWSJP), gives an overview of Polish perfectivizing verbal prefixes, i.e. a roz‑, na-, o-/ob- and u-prefix, and deals with the effect they may have on sentence structure and semantics. It also shows how the prefixed verbs combine with the marker się, which flags antipassive, i.e. is a recurring marker attested in antipassive constructions in the Polish language. In section three, an attempt is made at analyzing the interrelations between aspect and antipassive reading of a structure. As it seems that a perfective prefix used with a verb imposes certain requirements on the argument structure of the verb it combines with, we also offer a possible explanation to different aspectual requirements of verbs occurring in antipassive structures, assuming that projections coded in a verb may play a role here.

scholarly journals Coins and Flowers: Some Images of the Textual Authority in the Works of Isidore of Seville

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
С.А. Воронцов
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Textual Authority ◽  
Isidore Of Seville ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Church

В статье обсуждается значение авторитета цитируемого текста в свете дихотомии авторитет текста / авторитет личности в культуре последних веков Поздней Античности на Латинском Западе на материале наследия Исидора Севильского. На основании анализа метафор, связанных с фигурой благоразумного читателя (prudens lector), а именно – собирания цветов и экспертизы монет, делаются следующие выводы: 1) авторитет цитируемых текстов позволяет произведению репрезентировать традицию, а его автору-епископу – «образ отцов церкви». Это определяет символический характер авторитета личности церковного учителя, требующий, в то же время, воспроизведения первообраза; 2) цитируемые тексты образуют поле возможных альтернатив, из которых «разумный компилятор» осмысленно выбирает необходимые для воздействия на читателя; 3) читатель при этом, применяя монашеское искусство памяти, на основании накопленных коннотации использовал авторитетные высказывания для созидания новых смыслов. Таким образом, авторитет текста на рубеже Поздней Античности – Раннего Средневековья скорее оказывается средством обоснования и производства новых смыслов, чем ограничивающей их рамкой. The article considers the function of the authority of the quoted text through the lens of the dichotomy of personal / textual authority. The study is focud on the last ages of Late Antiquity and particularly on the works of Isidore of Seville. By consideration of the images related to the prudent reader (prudens lector) the article comes to the following conclusions. The extensive use of the authoritative quotations allows the text to represent the tradition, while its author as religious leader represented the Apostles and fathers of the Church. Thus, the authority of this leader turns out to be essentially symbolical. Relatively wide range of texts were considered authoritative. Making his own text, a prudent compiler (prudens compilator) as a prudent reader (prudens lector) chose the quotations not randomly, but according to the presupposed effect of the compilation. The reader of this kind of text, according to the monastic craft of the thought, produced new ideas by mediation upon the quotations, i.e. remembering all the connotations and relating them to the situation of the reader. Thus, the main function of authority of the quotations was to give an impetus to the thought in terms of tradition and not to suppress it.

scholarly journals Keterkaitan Pendidikan Kristiani di Sekolah dan Gereja

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-45
Author(s):  
Justitia Vox Dei Hattu
Keyword(s):  
Christian Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Spaces ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cognitive Gaps ◽  
The Church ◽  
Psychomotor Domain

This article aims to map the polarization in Indonesia between Christian Education (or: Christian Religious Education) as it takes place within the domains of church and of school. Within the ecclesial arena, Christian education (Pendidikan Kristiani/PK) is often associated with the activity of teaching children. On the other hand, within the setting of a school, PK is often associated with a course of study assigned to students—one that mostly emphasizes the filling of cognitive gaps for the students yet (intentionally) ignores the affective and psychomotor domain that is integral for instruction. By examining this polarization, I argue that the polarizing divide between PK as implemented in a school and PK as implemented in the church can be overcome by virtue of the fact that both school and church are learning spaces for PK. This article is divided into three parts. The first will demonstrate certain misunderstandings about PK in the context of school and of church that lead to polarization. The second part shows how PK is presently practiced in the context of Indonesia’s churches and schools. Based on descriptions in this second part, the final section will offer a number of basic principles, in an effort to bridge the gap between PK as it takes place in school and in church.

scholarly journals Katolicka doktryna prawa natury

Etyka ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Konstanty Grzybowski
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Variable Content ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
The Church ◽  
Consistent Direction

After a brief outline of the history of the catholic doctrines of natural law the author concludes that although the doctrine itself has not changed, changes in its official interpretation and in the conclusions drawn from it are traceable. A rigid, invariable catholic natural law, universally binding for all times, all societies, and all men, has transformed into a natural law of variable content. It has become variable depending on both the socio-historical circumstances and on the different situations and different mutual relations of various groups in the society. In this way the function of law has changed. Whereas to Pius XI natural law was still an expression of a static attitude towards society contributing to the restitution of a statical medieval system and securing the control of morality by the church, nowadays it should fulfil the two following functions: owing to its variability it should facilitate the dynamics of development, and owing to the fundamental invariability of its basic principles it should secure only a single consistent direction of development.

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