scholarly journals Aktifasi Campuran Zeolit Alam Dan Flyash Batubara Menggunakan Microwave Sebagai Filter Udara Untuk Meningkatkan Akselerasi Mesin Sepeda Motor Bensin 4-Langkah

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Bintoro Niko Renardy ◽  
Herry Wardono ◽  
M Dyan Susila ES
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Petrol Engine ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Air Filters

Combustion is a chemical process between fuel and oxygen utilizing heat. Ambient air contains avariety of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases, causing incomplete combustion in thecombustion chamber of a 4-stroke petrol engine. The use of artificial air filters with zeolite-flyashcomposition activated by microwave can adsorb the air that enters the combustion chamber. So thatit can improve the quality of combustion. Zeolite is a mineral that is found in limestone mountainousareas, while coal flyash is material from coal combustion at PLTU. Both of these materials have theability to adsorb molecular sized particles such as nitrogen, CO and water vapor in the air, so theuse of both materials is able to produce air with rich oxygen. The performance of the 4-stroke petrolengine is influenced by a decrease in fuel consumption, able to increase acceleration, and reduceexhaust emissions containing CO and HC. To find out the effect of the use of activated zeolite-flyashfilters on engine performance, an acceleration test of 0-60 kph was performed. Filter beingactivated by Microwave with 80% power, 6 minutes activation time, and density (variation in thenumber of pellets in the filter) 50%, 75%, 100%, and use the Z0: F100, Z25: F75, Z50: F50, Z75:F25, Z100: F0. The best filter is the composition of Z100:F0 with a compactness of 50% able toincrease acceleration by 7.17%, followed by filter with composition of Z25:F75 with a compactnessof 50% able to increase acceleration by 4,04%.Keywords : Zeolites, Coal Flyash, Petrol Engine, Air Filters

scholarly journals Effect of Ambient Air Temperature on the Performance of Petrol Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Ramzi R. Ibraheem
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Petrol Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Ambient Air Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of ambient air temperature on the performance of spark ignition engine, and exhaust gas temperature. Various factors taken that affects the performance of four- stroke petrol engine. An experimental study is carried out to investigate engine performance parameters. The experimental results demonstrate that the method proposed to measure the intake ambient air temperature at different engine speeds. The different ambient air temperature was taken (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50°C) at different climate conditions and in the different engine speeds (1500, 2000 and2500 r.pm). The results of experimental shows that increasing ambient air temperature will improve the fuel consumption and thermal efficiency about (14%- 16%) consecutively. It is also shows decrease in the volumetric efficiency with increasing ambient air temperature. However, by increasing sucked air temperature, will lead to increase exhaust gas temperature.

Robust Environmental Sensing Using UAVs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ahmed Boubrima ◽  
Edward W. Knightly
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Mission Planning ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Compound Pollution ◽  
Planning Algorithm

In this article, we first investigate the quality of aerial air pollution measurements and characterize the main error sources of drone-mounted gas sensors. To that end, we build ASTRO+, an aerial-ground pollution monitoring platform, and use it to collect a comprehensive dataset of both aerial and reference air pollution measurements. We show that the dynamic airflow caused by drones affects temperature and humidity levels of the ambient air, which then affect the measurement quality of gas sensors. Then, in the second part of this article, we leverage the effects of weather conditions on pollution measurements’ quality in order to design an unmanned aerial vehicle mission planning algorithm that adapts the trajectory of the drones while taking into account the quality of aerial measurements. We evaluate our mission planning approach based on a Volatile Organic Compound pollution dataset and show a high-performance improvement that is maintained even when pollution dynamics are high.

scholarly journals Modernization of the Public Transport Bus Fleet in the Context of Low-Carbon Development in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3295
Author(s):  
Maciej Dzikuć ◽  
Rafał Miśko ◽  
Szymon Szufa
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Public ◽  
Low Carbon Development ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Excessive Noise

The development of urban transport in recent years has become one of the most important issues related to improving the quality of life in Polish cities. Excessive pollution in the form of greenhouse gases and other harmful substances from buses affects people’s health as does the excessive noise. This article analysed the measures being taken to reduce emissions, and the results showed that it is possible to reduce CO2 emissions by more than 28 thousand megagrams (Mg) per annum. Policymakers in Poland should consider limiting electricity generation through coal combustion and recognize, at least temporarily, CNG/LNG-powered buses as low-carbon rolling stock and co-finance their purchase and the necessary infrastructure.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown and unlock down phases on the ambient air quality of Delhi, capital city of India

Urban Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100945
Author(s):  
Mayank Pandey ◽  
M.P. George ◽  
R.K. Gupta ◽  
Deepak Gusain ◽  
Atul Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Ambient Air Quality

Investigation on water vapor effect on direct sulfation during wet-recycle oxy-coal combustion

2013 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lunbo Duan ◽  
Zhongxiao Jiang ◽  
Xiaoping Chen ◽  
Changsui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Water Vapor Effect

scholarly journals Ambient Air Quality Classification by Grey Wolf Optimizer Based Support Vector Machine

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Saxena ◽  
Shalini Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Grey Wolf Optimizer ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Primary Concern

With the development of society along with an escalating population, the concerns regarding public health have cropped up. The quality of air becomes primary concern regarding constant increase in the number of vehicles and industrial development. With this concern, several indices have been proposed to indicate the pollutant concentrations. In this paper, we present a mathematical framework to formulate a Cumulative Index (CI) on the basis of an individual concentration of four major pollutants (SO2, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10). Further, a supervised learning algorithm based classifier is proposed. This classifier employs support vector machine (SVM) to classify air quality into two types, that is, good or harmful. The potential inputs for this classifier are the calculated values of CIs. The efficacy of the classifier is tested on the real data of three locations: Kolkata, Delhi, and Bhopal. It is observed that the classifier performs well to classify the quality of air.

Investigation on the Influence of a Core Chevron Nozzle on the Performance of a Modern Bypass Engine

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Weißschuh ◽  
Stephan Staudacher
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Streams ◽  
Discharge Velocity ◽  
Chevron Nozzle ◽  
Nozzle Configuration ◽  
Chevron Nozzles ◽  
Considerable Work

In light of intensifying environmental concerns, the noise in aircraft gas turbine engines needs to be reduced significantly. Considerable work has been conducted to reduce jet noise produced by the mixing of high velocity gas streams with ambient air. Various nozzle designs such as lobed nozzles, serrated nozzles or chevron nozzles have been used and proposed to control and modify the velocity pattern of exhaust gas streams. This paper presents investigations on the influence of a core chevron nozzle on the performance of a modern bypass engine. The characteristic discharge, velocity and specific thrust coefficients of the chevron and non-chevron nozzles are determined by numerical calculations and are verified with experimental data. The nozzle coefficients form the basis for an engine performance comparison between the two hot nozzle configurations of the bypass engine. The effect of the nozzle configuration on overall engine performance and component working points has been investigated by applying an engine performance synthesis tool. The thrust loss and the corresponding SFC increase which has been observed by using the chevron nozzle have been related to engine internal rematching and changes in nozzle performance.

Effect of Water Vapor and SOx in Air on the Cathodes of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seon Hye Kim ◽  
Toshihiro Ohshima ◽  
Yusuke Shiratori ◽  
Kohei Itoh ◽  
Kazunari Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Constant Current Density

AbstractAmbient air is used as an oxygen source in SOFCs to be commercialized. Various chemical species which can lead to poisoning of SOFC cathodes are included as minor constitutions in air, such as water vapor, SOx, NOx and NaCl etc. However, their effects on the cathode performance have not yet well known, even though they are expected to cause a degradation of the electrode performance and to reduce the long-term durability of SOFCs. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the poisoning caused by water vapor and SOx in the oxygen source to clarify their effects on SOFCs performances and to reveal the degradation mechanism of cathodes. SOFCs with typical electrolyte-supported structure were used in this work, which were composed with ScSZ (10 mol% Sc2O3, 1mol% CeO2, 89 mol% ZrO2) plate with the thickness of 200 µm as electrolyte, NiO-ScSZ (mixture of 56 wt% NiO and 44 wt% ScSZ) porous layer as anode, and two cathode layers of LSM ((La0.8Sr0.2)0.98MnO3) and LSM-ScSZ (mixture of 50 wt% LSM and 50 wt% ScSZ). Power generation characteristics of the cells had been analyzed by measuring cell voltage at a constant current density (200 mA/cm2) and by comparing changes in cell impedance, upon supplying the artificially-contaminated air with water vapor or SOx, to the SOFC cathodes at various operational temperatures. High-resolution FESEM (S-5200, Hitachi) was used to analyze microstructural changes caused by the impurities. Mg Kα radiation from a monochromatized X-ray source was used for XPS measurements (ESCA-3400, KRATOS). AC impedance was measured at various temperatures under the open circuit voltage condition by an impedance analyzer (Solatron 1255B/SI 1287, Solatron), in a frequency range from 0.1 to 105 Hz with an amplitude of 10 mV.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the SAGE III Version 4 aerosol extinction coefficient and water vapor data products

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 22177-22222
Author(s):  
L. W. Thomason ◽  
J. R. Moore ◽  
M. C. Pitts ◽  
J. M. Zawodny ◽  
E.-W. Chiou
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Aerosol Extinction ◽  
Data Products ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Aerosol Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Polar Ozone

Abstract. Herein, we provide an assessment of the data quality of Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE III) Version 4 aerosol extinction coefficient and water vapor data products. The evaluation is based on comparisons with data from four instruments: SAGE II, the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM III), the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). Since only about half of the SAGE III channels have a direct comparison with measurements by other instruments, we have employed some empirical techniques to evaluate measurements at some wavelengths. We find that the aerosol extinction coefficient measurements at 449, 520, 755, 869, and 1021 nm are reliable with accuracies and precisions on the order of 10% in the primary aerosol range of 15 to 25 km. We also believe this to be true of the aerosol measurements at 1545 nm though we cannot exclude some positive bias below 15 km. We recommend use of the 385 nm measurements above 16 km where the accuracy is on par with other aerosol channels. The 601 nm measurement is much noisier (~20%) than other channels and we suggest caution in the use of these data. We believe that the 676 nm data are clearly defective particularly above 20 km (accuracy as poor as 50%) and the precision is also low (~30%). We suggest excluding this channel under most circumstances. The SAGE III Version 4 water vapor data product appears to be high quality and is recommended for science applications in the stratosphere below 45 km. In this altitude range, the mean differences with all four corroborative data sets are no bigger than 15% and often less than 10% with exceptional agreement with POAM III and MLS. Above 45 km, it seems likely that SAGE III water vapor values are increasingly too large and should be used cautiously or avoided. We believe that SAGE III meets its preflight goal of 15% accuracy and 10% precision between 15 and 45 km. We do not currently recommend limiting the SAGE III water vapor data utility in the stratosphere by aerosol loading.

scholarly journals Ambient Air Quality Assessment with Particular Reference to Particulates in Western part of Jharia Coalfield, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurdeep Singh ◽  
Amarjeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Opencast Mining ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Jharia Coalfield

India is in the list of fastest growing countries of the world. India's energy needs are also increasing due to population and industrial growth for improving quality of living style. In India, coal is major input infrastructure industries for example Power plants, Steel plants and Cement industries. India’s 52% of primary energy is coal dependent1. 66% of India's power generation depends upon coal production1. Jharia Coalfield (JCF) is falling in the Lower Gondwana Coalfields of India. The area of the JCF is about 450 km2. It is important for the major supply of precious coking coal required for steel plants in India. It is located in Dhanbad district of Jharkhand state of India, The latitude is 23° 39' to 23° 48' N and longitude is 86° 11' to 86° 27' E for the Jharia coalfield. Based on environmental parameters, all the 103 mines of BCCL have been grouped under 17 Clusters. A cluster consists of a group of mines with mine lease boundary lying in close vicinity and includes-Operating mines, Abandoned/ closed mines and proposed projects.The focused study area is in the western part of the Jharia coalfield is named as Cluster XV group of mines of BCCL consists of four mines, Kharkharee Colliery (UG), Dharmaband Colliery (UG), Madhuband Colliery (UG) and Phularitand Colliery (UG) .The present study was carried out with the objective to measure the ambient air quality of the study area with reference to particulate matter (SPM, PM10 & PM2.5). Ambient air monitoring results have shown that the observe air quality were found within the limit prescribed by MoEF / CPCB. It may due to Underground mines as there are pollution causing lesser activities involved in the UG mining process compared to opencast mining. Implementation of Master plan for Jharia coalfields for environmental management has also improve the air quality in the area10,11.

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