scholarly journals PERKECAMBAHAN UREDOSPORA HEMILEIA VASTATRIX PADA EKSTRAK RIMPANG JAHE DAN KUNYIT SERTA DAUN CENGKEH DAN SIRIH

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Cipta Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Test Treatments ◽  
Germ Tubes

Germination of Hemileia vastatrix uredospores on crude water extracts of zinger and turmeric rhizome and clove and Piper betle leaves.  Coffee leaf rust caused by H. vastatrix especially on Arabica coffee is one of most important diseases in coffee and conventional control methods of leaf coffee rust is still unsatisfactory.  The objective of this study was to determine the effect of crude water extract on the germination of H. vastatrix uredospores.  The study was conducted from January to September 2004 in the Laboratory of Plant Pathology at Unila.  In each test, treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications.  Crude water extract was prepared by homogenizing 100 g of material in 100 ml sterilized distilled water.  After being passed through four layers of sterilized cheesecloth, the mixture was defined as the aliquot (100% extract) and dilutions were made with sterile distilled water to obtain concentrations of 2.5 to 10%.  Each of four materials (zinger, turmeric, clove, and Piper betle) was tested separately in five aliquot concentration levels.  One ml of each extract was mixed with 0.25 ml of uredospora suspension (4 x 105 per ml), and 0.2 ml of the mixture was incubated.  The variable was germinated uredospora (%) that was determined under a mikroscope.  The results show that significant reduction in spore germination occurred by  turmeric, clove, and P. betle extracts at > 2.5% and by zinger extract at > 5%.  Some uredospora exposed to plant extract germinated abnormally:  germ tubes shorten, swollen, or malform.

scholarly journals Stability of Arabica coffee genotype (Coffea arabica L.) against leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix)

2021 ◽  
Vol 748 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Sabam Malau ◽  
Albiner Siagian ◽  
Maria Rumondang Sihotang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Severity

Abstract Coffee is now experiencing a serious threat from fungus Hemileia vastatrix which caused epidemic of rust disease in America, Africa, and Asia. As solution, the use of resistant cultivars is the best way. However, interaction between genotype and environment can change the rank of genotypes that shows instability of these genotypes against leaf rust. Purpose of this research was to study stability of genotypes of Arabica coffee against coffee leaf rust. A field experiment was arranged as factorial randomized complete block design with 2 factors (genotypes and climate zones) with three replication. The observed parameters were branch rust incidence, leaf rust incidence, and leaf rust severity. This research result showed significant genotype x environment interaction in all variables. Length of dry season is the most important factor affecting coffee leaf rust because it had the highest correlation coefficient with leaf rust severity (r = 0.662**). Less length of dry season should be the first criteria for selection of coffee farms. The most desired genotype was G7 which performed low leaf rust severity (7.71%) and had a stable resistance indicated by the same leaf rust severity in all environments and 6 SMg. Due to the significant interaction between genotypes and the environment, the genotype to be planted in a region must be tested in that region first.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of different herbicides on weed invasion in the fields of triticale

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Sharifi Ziveh ◽  
Vahid Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
And Control

Abstract One of the factors limiting crop growth is weeds. The weeds lead to a reduced performance of the crops. Chemical control methods are considered appropriate for controlling weeds. Therefore, in the fight to control weeds in triticale, the performance of the dual-purpose herbicide sulfosulfuron(Apirus®), mesosulfuron + idosulfuron(Atlantis®), metsulfuron methyl+sulfosulfuron(Total®) with surfactant and isoproton + diflufenican(Panther®) from the sulfonylurea group, and narrow leaf herbicides clodinafobpropargyl( Topik®), pinoxaden(New Axial®), diclofop-methyl(Iloxan®), pinoxaden + clodinafob-propagyl (Traxos ®), fenoxaprop-pethyl + mefen-pyper-d-ethyl(PumaSuper®), tralkoksidim(Grasb®) with 1 liter oil, flam-prop-m-isopropyl(Suffix BW®), and control treatment without herbicides were evaluated. The test was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Spraying was carried out using a back sprayer. For evaluation of ocular damage, the European Weed Research Council (EWRC) standard method was used. According to the performed studies, the narrow leaves of wild oat and barnyard grass were the dominant weeds. Results showed that all herbicide, except the herbicide tralkoksidim, were effective in weed control. The triticale yield was maintained with the use of these herbicides and none of herbicide had an adverse effect on the crop. In the first weeks of herbicide use, the triticale leaves appeared pale but this problem resolved over time. It seems that the herbicides discussed in this paper can be used on the triticale plant.

scholarly journals CROWN DIAMETER, CHILLING, AND GIBBERELLIC ACID INTERACTIONS INFLUENCE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE OF STRAWBERRY CV. FESTIVAL.

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

An experiment was conducted in unheated greenhouse units of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape -College of Agriculture- University of Baghdad on the first of October,   to observe the effects of amony interaction of crown diameter, chilling,  and foliar application of gibberellic acid on vegetative growth, and reproductive in cv. ‘Festival’ of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa (Duch)). Using randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), Plants were sorted into two groups according to crown diameter (11-15mm (Cd1)  and  6-10 mm (Cd2)), each of them sorted into two groups [Ch0 (without cold storage) and Ch1 (kept in a cold storage for  three weeks at 1-2°C), gibberellic acid was sprayed on plants, with concentration treatments included a control (G0) (distilled water), 150 mg. L–1 (G1) and 300 mg. L–1 (G2).The results showed the highest leaf number and Leaf area. Plant-1, (26.33), (29.70 dcm2) in (Cd1.Ch1.GA0) and (Cd1.Ch1. GA1) respectively, Number of stolon increased significantly by GAs application, the highest number were (8.3) in (Cd1.Ch1. GA2). The highest value of the TSS % was produced from the plants under the effect of  the treatment (Cd1.Ch1. GA0) (8.5%) and the highest pH were 3.70 from the treatment (Cd2.Ch0.GA2). The results indicated the superiority of treatment (Cd1.Ch0.GA0)     in fruit number (22.4), weight (17.77g) and a plant yield (398.2g).

scholarly journals Potency of plant-derived biological nematicides on root-knot disease of tomato, Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Mill

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Olabiyi T.I
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Lycopersicon Lycopersicum ◽  
Experimental Plots

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of plant-derived biological nematicides in the management of root-knot nematode disease of tomato. A piece of land measuring 8 m × 54 m was ploughed and raised beds were the experimental plots. The land was divided into 4 blocks, each block comprising 12 treatments and 4 replicates with a total of 48 experimental plots were fitted into randomized complete block design (RCBD). The experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farms, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria (Longitude 40E and Latitude 8010N) during 2018 planting season. 20 g macerated root gall of Celosia was applied to tomato root rhizosphere (inoculation). The plant-derived biological nematicides that were assessed on root-knot nematode disease of tomato, UC8 cultivar, include the leaf water extract of neem, castor, wild sunflower, cleome, siam weed, phyllanthus, nitta, tobacco, lantana and calotropis, mixed with black soap, at rate of 9:1 v/w. The black soap and distilled water served as adjuvant and solvent respectively, and as the control experiments. The results showed that the root galling and soil population of root-knot nematode were significantly reduced with consequent enhanced growth and yield of tomato in the plots treated with plant-derived biological nematicides, compared with the tomato in the control experiments. The study has demonstrated that the use of plant-derived biological nematicides can be effectively explored in the management of root-knot nematode disease. The application of plant-derived biological nematicides is therefore recommended for sustainable management of root-knot nematode disease in tomato production.

scholarly journals Agronomic characterization and responses to coffeeleaf rust in coffee progenies resistant to the gall nematode Meloidogyne exigua

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Ramiro Machado Rezende ◽  
Gladyston Rodrigues Carvalho ◽  
Alex Mendonça de Carvalho ◽  
Antonio Nazareno Mendes ◽  
Sônia Maria Lima Salgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Specialty Coffee ◽  
Good Potential

The aim of this study was to determine agronomic characteristics and responses to the coffee leaf rust fungus (Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br.) in coffee progenies resistant to the gall nematode Meloidogyne exigua. The experiment was conducted in December 2000 at Ouro Verde Farm (FazendaOuro Verde), located in the municipality of Campos Altos – Minas Gerais (MG). Ten F3:4 progenies were evaluated. They were derived from crosses between CIFC 2570 Timor Hybrid selections and Catuaí cultivars known to be resistant to M. exigua. The Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 cultivar served as a control. A randomized block design with three replicates was used. In total, there were thirty-three plots consisting of eight plants each. The following characteristics were assessed between the harvests of 2011/2012 and 2014/2015: (a) yield expressed as processed coffee bags ha-1; (b) rust incidence and severity; (c) vegetative vigor; (d) percentage of coffee fruits at the “cherry” stage; (e) percentage of floaters; (f) crown diameter; (g) percentage of coffee beans of size sieve 17 and higher; and (h) sensory analysis of the coffee beverage. The results indicated the following: (a) the H514-7-14-2, H514-7-4-5, H493-1-2-2, H514-7-16-3, H514-7-8-11, H518-2-10-1, and H514-5-2-4 progenies were the most productive; (b) all progenies showed promising resistance to coffee leaf rust; (c) all genotypes had the potential for specialty coffee production; (d) the H493-1-2-2 progeny showed resistance both to rust and the nematode, and has good potential for specialty coffee production; and (e) the yields of the H514-7-8-11, H518-2-10-1, H514-5-2-4, H514-7-16-3, H514-7-14-2, H514-7-4-5, and H493-1-2-2 progenies were significantly higher than that of the Catuaí IAC 99 control.

scholarly journals Effect of Spraying With Cal-Boron and Potassium Humate and Maturity Stage on Fruit Quantity, Quality Characteristics of Apricot Prunus Armeniaca L. cv. "Royal"

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdul Aziz Lateef ◽  
Nameer N. Fadhil ◽  
Bahram Kh. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Potassium Humate ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca L

Abstract This study was conducted on apricot trees Royal cultivar 9 years old in a private field located northern Kirkuk city - Iraq during The period 2020-2021, to study the spraying whit Cal-boron and potassium humate on fruit quantity, quality characteristics of apricot with three levels of Cal-boron (0, 1and 2) ml.L-1 and three levels of potassium Humate (0, 3 and 6) g.L-1. In addition to the control treatment (untreated plants). Combination of 2 ml.L-1 Cal-boron and 3 g.L-1 of Potassium humate excelled on leaf area Leaves content of chlorophyll, Vitamin C, and T.S.S. parameter compared with treatment with distilled water (control). A Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) was used to implement the experiment, with three replications.

Development of Web Based Analysis Tool for Augmented Randomized Complete Block Design (ARCBD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Vinay Kumar ◽  
Sarita Rani ◽  
Ram Niwas ◽  
O.P. Sheoran ◽  
Komal Malik
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Complete Procedure ◽  
Scripting Language ◽  
Test Treatments ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
User Friendly

In biological and field experiments, the Augmented Randomized Complete Block Design (ARCBD) is widely used for screening and selection of a large number of germplasm lines/varieties/entries/test treatments with non replicated test treatments and replicated control treatments to estimate the experimental error. A web based online module for analysis of ARCBD was developed using scripting language Active Server Pages (ASP) based on server client architecture. The data have been taken from Federer (1956) and output compared accordingly. The outputs produced by the module are in agreement with the output generated from SAS package. An attempt was made to provide a user friendly interface for entering/pasting the data, characters names, number of observations and number of characters for analysis of augmented randomized complete block design. The module produces different output tables such as check x block table, block effects, control means and control effects, adjusted mean for test genotypes and genotypic effects. It also computes sum of squares in the analysis of variance tables after ignoring/eliminating treatment and eliminating/ignoring blocks for block and treatment effects, respectively. Critical difference table for comparing different mean differences at 5% and 1% level of significance is also given. A complete procedure is also provided in the help file to make a user friendly interface for analysis of the design.

scholarly journals The Effect of Spraying Rocket Plant Extract and Ground Addition of Organic Nutrient (Karma maxi org) on The Growth and Production of Cabbage

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Ahlam A. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Organic Solution ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Head Weight

The experiment was carried out in open field of the research station at College of Agriculture / University of Diyala during two seasons 2018 and 2019. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of foliar spraying with water extract of Rocket at three concentrations of 0, 50,, and 100% in and ground addition of Organic solution at three concentrations 0, 15, 20 ml. L-1 in. The Randomized Complete Block Design was used with three replicates. The results showed that spraying water extract of Rocket was superior in 100%. It was found that the highest values in stem height, number of external leaves, head diameter and head weight, and total yield for both seasons 13.36 cm, 12.57 leaf, 14.94 cm, 1.302 kg. plant-1 and 43.417 tons. H -1 For the first season, 10.92 cm, 12.64 leaves, 15.26 cm, 1.308 kg. Plant-1 and 43.618 tons. H-1) for the second season. Also, the ground addition of solution was superior at 20 ml. L-1 in all studied traits. They did not differ significantly from the 15ml.L-1 concentration. However, they differ significantly from the control treatment, which gave the lowest values for all traits and both seasons. As for the treatment of interaction which was (20 ml.L-1 and 100% of Rocket extract), it exceeded all treatments and for both seasons.were recorded 13.42 cm, 12.88 leaf, 15.77 cm, 1.351 kg. Plant-1 and 45.028 tons. H-1 for the first season, as well as 11.03 cm, 13.01 leaf, 15.80 cm, 1.383 kg. plant-1 and 46.096 tons. H-1 for the second season.

scholarly journals Green Antibiotic Daun Sirih (Piper betle l.) Sebagai Pengganti Antibiotik Komersial untuk Penanganan Mastitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabby Lutviandhitarani ◽  
Dian Wahyu Harjanti ◽  
Fajar Wahyono
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
Betel Leaf

(Green antibiotic betel leaf (Piper betle l.) as a substitute  for commercial antibiotic in mastitis treatment) ABSTRACT. The present study was carried out to investigate the possible antibacterial activity of betel leaf on the amount and microscopic appearance of mastitis-causing bacteria. The randomized block design with 5 treatment groups were : K group (mastitis milk only as negative control), Ab group (mastitis milk + antibiotic penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin as positive control),  S1 group (mastitis milk + 1,25 ml betel leaf water extract), S2 group (mastitis milk+ 2,5 ml betel leaf water extract), and S3 group (mastitis milk + 5 ml betel leaf water extract). The result showed that the amount of bacteria in the betel leaves groups (S1, S2, and S3 groups) were lower (P 0,05) than that of the control group (K group). Nonetheless the different concentration of betel leaf water extract in the S1, S2 and S3 groups did not affect to the amount of bacteria (P 0,05). Moreover, this research showed that betel leaf water extract had the same effectiveness with commercial antibiotic penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin to inhibit the growth of bacteria as indicated by the same amount of bacteria (P0,05) among the betel leaf groups (S1, S2, and S3 groups) and the Ab group. Gram-positive and negative bacteria were seen in the K group. However, only Gram-negative bacteria were visible in the betel leaf groups (S1, S2, and S3 groups) and in the Ab groups, indicating that betel leaf had the same effectiveness as penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF GARLIC (Allium sativum) AND ONION (Allium cepa) EXTRACTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) ON BABY CORN (Zea mays L) UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Munyore, M. ◽  
Rioba, N. B.
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Negative Controls

The effects of Allium sativum and Allium cepa extracts on the Fall Armyworm and growth of Babycorn (Variety SG 18) under greenhouse conditions were evaluated. Treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The factors included solvents used: Dichroloromethane (DCM), Methanol (Me), Distilled water (Di) and type of plant used: Allium sativum and Allium cepa. The positive and negative controls were Coragen SC 200 (Co) and distilled water (Di), respectively. Data collection and analysis was done using appropriate procedures. The extraction yield was highest with Methanol for A cepa and distilled water for A sativum, while DCM yielded the least for both plants. Saponins, glycosides, alkaloid and tannins were present in all the plant species, but their presence was influenced by the solvent type. Flavoniods were only present in DCM-A sativum extract whose content was 5.2378 ± 0.1094 mg/mL. DCM and Methanolic extracts of A cepa and A sativum were as effective as Coragen SC 200 against FAW larvae as opposed to distilled water extract. No significant differences were noted for plant height and leaf numbers. Further evaluation should be done towards making commercially available and effective insecticide for integrated FAW management.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document