Changes of the urban population mobility at the development of infrastructure for public transport, cyclists and pedestrians

The article examines the mobility of the large city population with 800 thousand inhabitants where there is no off-street transport. As a result of simulation modeling with a macroscopic transport model of the city, there was established the influence of the chargeable parking facilities` cost, the length of lanes for public transport and bike paths on the share of movements by private and public transport, cycling, pedestrian movements. An estimation of changes in passenger turnover at bus stops and passenger traffic was performed. The impact of the new pedestrian bridge across the river Tura is demonstrated in relation to the resident transportation routes change.

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CALIBRATION OF VILNIUS PUBLIC TRANSPORT MODEL

Transport ◽

10.3846/16484142.2006.9638066 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 201-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rasa Ušpalyte-Vitkūniene ◽

Marija Burinskiene ◽

Vytautas Grigonis

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Transport Model ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Transport Modelling ◽

Financial Investment ◽

Performance Quality ◽

Passenger Flows ◽

The Impact

The application of information technologies preconditions the optimisation of performance of transport systems: improvement of the performance quality, safety and efficiency of the overall system, increase in capacity, reduction of the trip duration without high financial investment into construction of the new technical infrastructure. The transport modelling is the only economical and sufficiently reliable way to carry out a forward assessment of the impact of the innovations to be applied on the overall system. The network of Vilnius public transport was built up on the data of 2002, and the year 2002 saw the last comprehensive surveys. Building up the PT network the data was taken from the VIDAS database, created in 2002 while drafting the special plan for Vilnius transport infrastructure (tram) development. The morning rush hour, when the passenger flows are maximum, was chosen for the modelling. Calibration of Vilnius PT network was carried out after selection of three possible methods: TSys‐based, Headway‐based and Timetable‐based. In the timetable‐based model Logit, Kirchhoff, BoxCox and Lochse distribution factors are inter‐changed. Analysis of all coefficients received when modelling allows a conclusion that further modelling of the development of Vilnius public transport network should be based on Timetable‐based model choosing Kirchhoff or BocCox distribution laws, whereof conformity to the basic averages of coefficients of the 2002 survey is respectively 0,82 and 0,81. This would facilitate adopting solutions to the development of the public transport systems and would increase their reliability. The calculated coefficients revealed that TSys‐based methods were mostly removed from reality, and the average coefficient of failure to conform to the data of the 2002 survey is 0,24. This method did not give any data about the load on the stops, although the number of trips modelled with the help of this method was most proximate to the survey data, i.e. 0,69 %.

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Can a polycentric structure affect travel behaviour? A comparison of Melbourne, Australia and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Journal of Modern Transportation ◽

10.1007/s40534-014-0054-y ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 156-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Alqhatani ◽

S. Setunge ◽

S. Mirodpour

Keyword(s):

Travel Time ◽

Scenario Analysis ◽

Public Transport ◽

Transport Model ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Travel Behaviour ◽

Private Car ◽

The Impact ◽

Productive Time ◽

Public Transport Service

Abstract This study models the impact of the shift from a monocentric private-car-oriented city to polycentric public-transport-oriented city. Metropolitan areas have suffered traffic problems—in particular increase in travel time and travel distance. Urban expansion, population growth and road network development have led to urban sprawl in monocentric cities. In many monocentric cities, travel time and distance has steadily increased and is only expected to increase in the future. Excessive travel leads to several problems such as air pollution, noise, congestion, reduction in productive time, greenhouse emissions, and increased stress and accident rates. This study examines the interaction of land use and travel. A model was developed and calibrated to Melbourne and Riyadh conditions and used for scenario analysis. This model included two parts: a spatial model and a transport model. The scenario analysis included variations of residential and activity distribution, as well as conditions of public transport service.

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The impact of Intelligent Transport Systems to reduce congestion in cities

AUTOBUSY – Technika Eksploatacja Systemy Transportowe ◽

10.24136/atest.2017.010 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 28-32

Author(s):

Adam Selwon ◽

Kamil Roman

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Communication Systems ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Common Phenomenon ◽

Intelligent Transport Systems ◽

Intelligent Transport ◽

Passenger Traffic ◽

Continued Use ◽

The Impact

The dynamic development of urban areas has created the need to adapt computer systems used to increased passenger traffic. Increasingly common phenomenon of congestion, contributed to intensify efforts to improve the efficiency of the control flows in agglomerations. For this purpose cities begin to use more and more modern-solving software to improve the functioning of public transport. The aim of the article is to assess and review of current solutions that can be successfully implemented in communication systems, cities in Poland. The publication is also intended to determine the prospects for the development of intelligent transport systems in the future as well as the effects resulting from their continued use.

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Using volunteered geographic information to assess mobility in the COVID-19 pandemic context: cross-city time series analysis of 41 cities in 22 countries from March 2nd to 26th 2020

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22924/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Matia Vanoni ◽

Martin McKee ◽

Chris Bonell ◽

Jan Semenza ◽

David Stuckler

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

International Travel ◽

Population Mobility ◽

School Closures ◽

Mobility Index ◽

Mass Gatherings ◽

Government Response ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Restricting mobility is a central aim for lowering contact rates and preventing COVID-19 transmission. Yet the impact on mobility of different policies of restriction is not well-understood.Methods: Trends were evaluated using Citymapper’s mobility index covering 41 cities worldwide between 2nd and 26th March 2020, expressed as percentages of typical usage periods from 0% as the lowest and 100% as normal. China and India were not covered. Multivariate fixed effects models were used to estimate the association of policies restricting movement on mobility before and after their introduction. Policy restrictions were assessed using the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Stringency Index as well as measures coding the timing and degree of school and workplace closures, transport restrictions, and cancellation of mass gatherings. Results: Mobility declined in all major cities throughout March. Larger declines were seen in European than Asian cities. The COVID-19 Government Response Stringency Index was strongly associated with declines in mobility (r = -0.75, p<0.001). After adjusting for time-trends, we observed that implementing a mobility restriction to the recommended level was associated with a decline of mobility of 10.0% for school closures (95% CI: 4.36% to 15.7%), 15.0% for workplace closures (95% CI: 10.2% to 19.8%), 7.09% for cancelling public events (95% CI: 1.98% to 12.2%), 18.0% for closing public transport (95% CI: 6.74% to 29.2%), 13.3% for restricting internal movements (95% CI: 8.85% to 17.8%) and 5.30% for international travel controls (95% CI: 1.69 to 8.90). In contrast, as expected, there was no association between population mobility changes and fiscal or monetary measures or emergency healthcare investment.Conclusions: Understanding the effect of public policy on mobility is crucial to slowing and reducing COVID-19 transmission. By using Citymapper’s mobility index, this work provides the first evidence about trends in mobility and the impacts of different policy interventions, suggesting that closure of public transport, workplaces and schools are particularly impactful.

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Using volunteered geographic information to assess mobility in the COVID-19 pandemic context: cross-city time series analysis of 41 cities in 22 countries from March 2nd to 26th 2020

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22924/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Matia Vanoni ◽

Martin McKee ◽

Chris Bonell ◽

Jan Semenza ◽

David Stuckler

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

International Travel ◽

Population Mobility ◽

Mobility Index ◽

Mass Gatherings ◽

Government Response ◽

Policy Interventions ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives: Restricting mobility is a central aim for lowering contact rates and preventing COVID-19 transmission. Yet the impact on mobility of different non-pharmaceutical countermeasures in the earlier stages of the pandemic is not well-understood.Design: Trends were evaluated using Citymapper’s mobility index covering 2nd to 26th March 2020, expressed as percentages of typical usage periods from 0% as the lowest and 100% as normal. China and India were not covered. Multivariate fixed effects models were used to estimate the association of policies restricting movement on mobility before and after their introduction. Policy restrictions were assessed using the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Stringency Index as well as measures coding the timing and degree of school and workplace closures, transport restrictions, and cancellation of mass gatherings.Setting: 41 cities worldwideMain outcome measures: Citymapper’s mobility indexResults: Mobility declined in all major cities throughout March. Larger declines were seen in European than Asian cities. The COVID-19 Government Response Stringency Index was strongly associated with declines in mobility (r = -0.75, p<0.001). After adjusting for time-trends, we observed that implementing non-pharmaceutical countermeasures was associated with a decline of mobility of 10.0% for school closures (95% CI: 4.36% to 15.7%), 15.0% for workplace closures (95% CI: 10.2% to 19.8%), 7.09% for cancelling public events (95% CI: 1.98% to 12.2%), 18.0% for closing public transport (95% CI: 6.74% to 29.2%), 13.3% for restricting internal movements (95% CI: 8.85% to 17.8%) and 5.30% for international travel controls (95% CI: 1.69 to 8.90). In contrast, as expected, there was no association between population mobility changes and fiscal or monetary measures or emergency healthcare investment.Conclusions: Understanding the effect of public policy on mobility in the early stages is crucial to slowing and reducing COVID-19 transmission. By using Citymapper’s mobility index, this work provides the first evidence about trends in mobility and the impacts of different policy interventions, suggesting that closure of public transport, workplaces and schools are particularly impactful.Summary boxWhat is already known on this topic?Governments across the global are experimenting with a range of policy interventions to restrict movement in populations. Yet their impact is not well understood. There is an urgent need to understand how alternative policy approaches to restricting movement can impact on population mobility trends. What this study addsOur study finds that policy restrictions markedly reduced population-wide mobility. Closing public transport, workplaces and schools have among the largest associations with mobility declines.

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Using volunteered geographic information to assess mobility in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-city time series analysis of 41 cities in 22 countries from March 2nd to 26th 2020

Globalization and Health ◽

10.1186/s12992-020-00598-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matia Vannoni ◽

Martin McKee ◽

Jan C. Semenza ◽

Chris Bonell ◽

David Stuckler

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

International Travel ◽

Population Mobility ◽

School Closures ◽

Mobility Index ◽

Mass Gatherings ◽

Government Response ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives Restricting mobility is a central aim for lowering contact rates and preventing COVID-19 transmission. Yet the impact on mobility of different non-pharmaceutical countermeasures in the earlier stages of the pandemic is not well-understood. Design Trends were evaluated using Citymapper’s mobility index covering 2nd to 26th March 2020, expressed as percentages of typical usage periods from 0% as the lowest and 100% as normal. China and India were not covered. Multivariate fixed effects models were used to estimate the association of policies restricting movement on mobility before and after their introduction. Policy restrictions were assessed using the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Stringency Index as well as measures coding the timing and degree of school and workplace closures, transport restrictions, and cancellation of mass gatherings. Setting 41 cities worldwide. Main outcome measures Citymapper’s mobility index. Results Mobility declined in all major cities throughout March. Larger declines were seen in European than Asian cities. The COVID-19 Government Response Stringency Index was strongly associated with declines in mobility (r = − 0.75, p < 0.001). After adjusting for time-trends, we observed that implementing non-pharmaceutical countermeasures was associated with a decline of mobility of 10.0% for school closures (95% CI: 4.36 to 15.7%), 15.0% for workplace closures (95% CI: 10.2 to 19.8%), 7.09% for cancelling public events (95% CI: 1.98 to 12.2%), 18.0% for closing public transport (95% CI: 6.74 to 29.2%), 13.3% for restricting internal movements (95% CI: 8.85 to 17.8%) and 5.30% for international travel controls (95% CI: 1.69 to 8.90). In contrast, as expected, there was no association between population mobility changes and fiscal or monetary measures or emergency healthcare investment. Conclusions Understanding the effect of public policy on mobility in the early stages is crucial to slowing and reducing COVID-19 transmission. By using Citymapper’s mobility index, this work provides the first evidence about trends in mobility and the impacts of different policy interventions, suggesting that closure of public transport, workplaces and schools are particularly impactful.

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Assessment of sustainability of the Lviv city transport system according to the indicator of accessibility

Transport technologies ◽

10.23939/tt2021.02.011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (2) ◽

pp. 11-19

Author(s):

Mykola Zhuk ◽

◽

Halyna Pivtorak ◽

Ivanna Gits ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transport System ◽

Public Transport ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Passenger Traffic ◽

Route Network ◽

The Matrix ◽

Traffic Volumes ◽

Passenger Flows ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact

Transport accessibility of the territory determines the possibility of getting a certain area using a certain transport mode of the existing transport network. The paper describes the concept of accessibility of the territory as a factor of sustainability of the urban transport system and methods of its assessment for urban conditions. It is proposed to use the indicator of the number of non-stop public transport routes between transport zones as a criterion for the "cost" of travel. Non-stop travel increases the comfort of public transport and reduces the financial costs of the passenger. The route network of the city of Lviv and interconnections of transport zones by public transport routes (bus, tram, and trolleybus) are analyzed. Modelling of passenger traffic volumes and their distribution by modes (private transport, public transport, and pedestrian traffic) was done in the PTV Visum software based on the matrix of a duration of movement and the matrix of the number of non-stop routes. It was found that at commensurate distances between transport zones, the number of non-stop routes increases the share of public transport users. The relationship between the number of non-stop routes and the share of public transport users is described by the logarithmic dependence. Comparing the simulated passenger flows on the public transport routes with the results of field researches, it was found that taking into account the number of non-stop routes between transport zones during the simulation allows increasing the accuracy of the results. Further research may focus on analyzing the impact of other factors that characterize the accessibility of the territory on the distribution of transport users between modes, and on the development of recommendations to the responsible city authorities to improve the city's passenger route network.

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The impacts of illegal parking on the urban areas’ traffic and environmental conditions: The case of the city of Thessaloniki

Spatium ◽

10.2298/spat1533041t ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

Anastasios Tsakalidis ◽

Panagiotis Tsoleridis

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Level Of Service ◽

Land Uses ◽

The Road ◽

Road Capacity ◽

Capacity Reduction ◽

The Impact ◽

The City ◽

Parking Facilities

A combination of factors including an unattractive public transport offering a low level of service, the lack of parking facilities, an inadequate drivers? education and poor policing have led to illegal parking phenomena in many Greek cities, contributing in their aesthetic and cultural degradation, making them inaccessible for both vehicles and pedestrians. In the present study the phenomenon of illegal parking is investigated along selected road axes in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. After the appropriate processing of the data collected, the impact of illegal parking on the reduction of road capacity was calculated. Moreover, it was attempted to relate illegal parking activity with the type of adjacent land uses. Conclusions regarding the degree of parking violations and the road capacity reduction in relation to road and adjacent land uses? characteristics are given and possible measures and policies towards the alleviation of the problem are proposed.

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The Determinants of Merger Withdrawals’ Abnormal Returns in The Australian Market

Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.33301/2015.17.03.05 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 89-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thuy Nguyen Thu ◽

Giang Dao Thi Thu ◽

Hoang Truong Huy

Keyword(s):

Financial Crisis ◽

Event Study ◽

Abnormal Returns ◽

Market Response ◽

Crisis Period ◽

Valuation Effects ◽

Event Study Method ◽

Private And Public ◽

Method Of Payment ◽

The Impact

This paper examines the abnormal returns in merger withdrawals in Australia, especially distinguishing the market response between private and public targets. We also study the determinants of those abnormal returns, including the method of payment and the impact of financial crisis periods. Using the event study method, we document that in the Australian context, the announced withdrawal of mergers involving private targets creates significantly negative valuation effects in comparison with the valuation effects in withdrawal of mergers involving public targets. We also find that a financial crisis period strongly affects abnormal returns of merger withdrawals. However, the method of payment does not have any impact on the abnormal returns.

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The Doctor Faustus Dossier

10.1525/california/9780520296824.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Adrian Daub

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Primary Source ◽

Music And Literature ◽

Twentieth Century Music ◽

Private And Public ◽

Doctor Faustus ◽

Public Lives ◽

Nazi Era ◽

The Impact

Arnold Schoenberg and Thomas Mann, two towering figures of twentieth-century music and literature, both found refuge in the German-exile community in Los Angeles during the Nazi era. This complete edition of their correspondence provides a glimpse inside their private and public lives and culminates in the famous dispute over Mann's novel Doctor Faustus. In the thick of the controversy was Theodor Adorno, then a budding philosopher, whose contribution to the Faustus affair would make him an enemy of both families. Gathered here for the first time in English, the letters are complemented by diary entries, related articles, and other primary source materials, as well as an introduction that contextualizes the impact that these two great artists had on twentieth-century thought and culture.

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