scholarly journals ACTIVE CHARCOAL FROM WASTE OF AVOCADO SEEDS AS A CHROMIC (CR) METAL ADSORBENT USING CHLORIDE ACID (HCL) AND SULFURIC ACID (H2SO4) ACTIVATOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dody Guntama ◽  
Ika Mahardini ◽  
Regzinta Purnamasari ◽  
Lukman Nulhakim
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Water Content ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Active Charcoal ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Avocado Seed

Avocado seeds are one of the wastes generated from restaurants that serve avocado juice. This avocado seed waste can be used as activated charcoal by carbonization at high temperatures and chemical activation using HCl and H2SO4 activators. The results showed that the optimum concentration of HCl and H2SO4 activator was 5%, which at a concentration of 5% produced the smallest water content values, namely 0.5825% and 0.6763%, the lowest ash content was 0.2993% and 0.2296%, while the adsorption to iodine amounted to 252.2419 mg / g and 279.8959 mg / g. The charcoal from avocado seeds has the potential to absorb chromium metal, which at optimum conditions can absorb 0.1673 mg / L and 0.1535 mg / L.

scholarly journals Utilization of Cassava Rods Waste as Active Charcoal and The Effect of HCl Activator and Activation Time on Active Charcoal

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Yuni Ambarwati
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Active Charcoal ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Cassava Stem ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cassava Peel ◽  
Very High

Some research proved that activated carbon could be made from organic materials or anorganic material with very high carbon content. The exist research of activated carbon from coconut shell, bagasse, cassava peel. In fact, there are a lot of material can be used as raw material, like cassava rods wastebecause the amount is very abundant and has not been widely used. This research aims toreceive the right conditionsin the manufacture of activated charcoal from cassava stem wastewith variations in concentration and time of activationwith chemical activation methodsusing a hydrochloric acid activatorto obtain activated charcoal products that fulfill the standards. Making activated charcoal begins withdehydrate the stem in the sun for around 2 days. The second is make cassava charcoal by installing a series of clinker drum cassava stems. The third is charcoal stem activationwith the size 100 mesh, mix charcoal with Hydrochloric Acidinto erlenmeyerwith concentration 1,5N; 2N; 2,5N; 3N; and 3,5Nthen stir with Heating Magnetic Stirrer, 105 ºC, during 2,5 hours, 3 hours, 3,5 hours, 4 hours, 4,5 hours. The results obtained by the best active charcoalat concentration3 Nwith activation time 4,5 hours, ash content 0.8%, andabsorption of iodine 399,67 mg/g.

Catalytic Activity of Char Obtained from Fast Pyrolysis in Esterification Reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
Daniela Godina ◽  
Ralfs Pomilovskis ◽  
Kristine Meile ◽  
Nadežda Iljina ◽  
Aivars Zhurinsh
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Biomass Processing ◽  
Esterification Reactions ◽  
Potential Use

In this study different pathways for obtaining activated carbon with catalytical activity were analysed. Industrially fast pyrolysis is an efficient way of lignocellulosic biomass processing, since in this process various important high value chemicals are obtained. Biochar is obtained as the by-product in fast pyrolysis process from which activated carbon can be acquired with further chemical activation. Different methods for chemical activation of biochar were tested with the obtained activated charcoals being used as a catalyst in esterification reactions to evaluate their potential use as a heterogenic catalyst. Highest catalytical activity was observed when biochar was pre-treated with sulfuric acid at 80 °C for 24 hours. The obtained activated charcoal could be used as a catalyst for up to five times with no noticeable decrease in catalytic activity.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CASSAVA PEEL CARBON ACTIVATED USING ZnCl2¬

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luki Aprilliya Setiyoningsih
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Time Characteristic ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Cassava Peel

In this study, to determine the characteristics of charcoal from the manufacture using a modification tool, and to determine the effect of system density variation. Activated charcoal is made through several stages namely, dehydration, carbonization and activation. The use of the modifikation at the carbonization stage will result in different activated charcoal. The activation proses used in chemical activation by immersing the charcoal in a ZnCl2 activator solution. The charcoal massa period used is 1:1 with the charcoal massa : the activator period. Comparison of the massa used to produce increased system density of 2%, 4%. 6%, 8%, and 10%. The activation time used in accordance with the previous study was 8 hours. The active charcoal made using the modified means is obtained for the optimum 2% effect of system density at 8 hours of activation time. Characteristic values obtained at 2% system density were 3.67% moisture content, ash content 13.5%, iod absorption 277 mg / g, and density 0.31 g / mL.Keyword:activated charcoal, modifiers, chemical activation

scholarly journals Potensi Limbah Tulang Kambing Sebagai Arang Aktif Yang Teraktivasi Asam Sulfat

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Wardani ◽  
Elvrida Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Bone Charcoal ◽  
Two Stages

<p>Bone is one of the wastes result in environmental pollution and public health issues if it is thrown directly into the environment. The aim of this research was to study the characteristics of activated charcoal of activated sulfuric acid goat bone. The process of making activated charcoal of goat bone included two stages of process, herein consisted of first carbonization process of goat bone at temperature of 700  C for 20 minutes to produce goat bone charcoal. The second process is chemical activation by using sulfuric acid activator at various concentrations of 1N, 2N and 3N for<br />24 hours. The results showed that the best activated charcoal characteristic of sulfuric acid was at 3N sulfuric acid concentration, 0.289% moisture content, ash content of 6.4%, absorption capacity of Iod 983 mg / g, volatile matter 15,017, fixed carbon 82.013 and spectra FTIR of activated carbon showed spectra of absorption band at wave number 3546,143 – 3604,135 cm-1 on vibration of group -OH, with intensity 76%. Overall, the results revealed that the quality of activated charcoal of goat bone is<br />still eligible of the values recommended by SNI-06-4253-1996 about the quality of activated charcoal.</p>

scholarly journals Functional Salt Characteristics from Green Seaweed Ulva lactuca

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-580
Author(s):  
Raudhi Kurniawan ◽  
Nurjanah ◽  
Agoes M.Jacoeb ◽  
Asadatun Abdullah ◽  
Rizsa Mustika Pertiwi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Active Charcoal ◽  
Fishy Odor ◽  
Sensory Test ◽  
Green Seaweed

Ulva lactuca is one of the potential seaweed in the raw material for making functional salt. The obstaclein making seaweed functional salt is the fishy smell on the product. The purpose of this research was todetermine the concentration of activated charcoal that can reduce the fishy odor of seaweed salt withfunctional properties that are acceptable to consumers. The methods used include functional salt extractionusing activated charcoal at a concentration of 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1,25 and 1,5%, sensory test and functionalsalt characterization. Functional salt characterization includes mineral content (Na and K), Na: K ratio,NaCl level, total phenol and antioxidant activity. The optimum concentration of active charcoal is 1.5%which increases the receptivity of the functional salt aroma. Selected functional salts contain Na minerals91.00±1.28 g/kg; K 44.88±0.06 g/kg with a Na: K ratio of 2.03±0.03; levels of NaCl 9.08±0.42%; total phenolsof 13.72±0.19 mg GAE/g extract and antioxidant activity expressed by IC50 1681.27±3.80 mg / L.

scholarly journals Preparation of Activated Carbon from Helhelok Stones by Chemical Activation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Alarqam Z. Tareq ◽  
Mohammed S. Hussein ◽  
Pyman A. Abdujabar
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Standard Sample ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Optimum Conditions

In his study activated carbon was prepared from Helhelok stones as a raw material by using chemical activation with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as a chemical agent with the concentration 40% for 25h at (25⁰C±2). The optimum conditions were approved in having carbonization temperature 400ᵒC for 1h to get a maximum percentage of yield 56%. Other properties of the prepared activated carbon were also studied such as pH, ash content, density, moisture content, conductivity, iodine number and methylene blue dye absorbance. Eventually the prepared activated carbon in this work has obtained good characteristics that make it play an essential role in industrial uses and compared it with commercial standard sample from B. D. H Company.

Karakteristik Fisiko Kimia Dan Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbon Ikan Julung (Hemirhampus marginatus) Asap Cair Cangkang Pala

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Netty Salindeho ◽  
Engel Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Immersion Period

Tujuan penelitian yaitu: menentukan konsentrasi dan lama perendaman dalam larutan asap cair yang optimum melalui percobaan untuk mengaplikasikan asap cair hasil pirolisis cangkang pala pada pengawetan ikan julung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai Aw tertinggi pada  perendaman 90 menit dengan konsentrasi larutan asap cair 10 %. Kadar air tertinggi pada lama perendaman  90 menit dengan konsentrasi larutan asap cair  15 % yaitu 26,34 %. dan kadar protein tertinggi yaitu 54,23 % pada lama perendaman 30 menit pada konsentrasi larutan asap cair 10 % kadar lemak terendah 1,21 % pada lama perendaman 90 menit pada konsentrasi asap cair 5 % dan kadar abu terendah pada lama perendaman 60  menit dengan konsentrasi asap cair 10 % yaitu 1,12 %. Hasil penelitian julung asap cair pada lama perendaman 30 dengan konsentrasi 5 %, 10 % dan 15 % menunjukkan bahwa kandungan total PAH paling rendah dihasilkan pada konsentrasi larutan asap cair 5 % di ikuti oleh pengasapan cair dengan konsentrasi larutan asap cair 10 %, dan 15 %The purpose of this research is to determine the optimum concentration and soaking time in a liquid smoke solution through an experiment to apply liquid smoke from the pyrolysis of nutmeg shells to the preservation of julung fish. The results showed that the highest Aw value at 90 minutes immersion with a liquid smoke concentration of 10%. The highest water content in the 90 minute immersion with a liquid smoke concentration of 15% is 26.34%. and the highest protein content is 54.23% at 30 minutes soaking time at the concentration of liquid smoke solution 10% the lowest fat content is 1.21% at 90 minutes soaking time at 5% liquid smoke concentration and the lowest ash content at 60 minutes soaking time with concentration liquid smoke 10% which is 1.12%. The results of the liquid smoke rolls in the immersion period 30 with concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% showed that the lowest total PAH content was produced at a concentration of 5% liquid smoke solution followed by liquid fuming with a concentration of liquid smoke solution of 10%, and 15%

scholarly journals PRODUKSI KARBON AKTIF DARI BATUBARA BITUMINUS DENGAN AKTIVASI TUNGGAL H3PO4, KOMBINASI H3PO4-NH4HCO3, DAN TERMAL

REAKTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esthi Kusdarini ◽  
Agus Budianto ◽  
Desyana Ghafarunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Volatile Matter Content

Abstract ACTIVE CARBON PRODUCTION OF BITUMINOUS COAL WITH SINGLE ACTIVITY H3PO4, H3PO4 COMBINE WITH NH4HCO3, AND THERMAL. Bituminous coal has a good potential to be utilized as activated carbon because it has high carbon, which is between 54-86%. The purpose of research was to obtain moisture content data, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, absorption of iodine (iodine), area surface and the volume of pore activated carbon. Another aim was to study the effect of reagent types and concentrations of H3PO4 reagent and NH4HCO3 reagent to the characteristics of the activated carbon. The study was conducted in six stages: 1) carbonization; 2) chemical activation; 3) neutralizing; 4) filtering; 5) activation in physics; and 6) cooling. The renewal of this study is the use of reagents combination H3PO4-NH4HCO3. The results showed that the active carbon which is activated by a combination of  H3PO4  reagent 2 M - NH4HCO3 reagent 2 M and  reagent H3PO4 reagent 2.5 M - reagent NH4HCO3 reagent 2.5 M have the best iodine. Activated carbon is activated using H3PO4 reagent 2 M - NH4HCO3 reagent  2 M containing 7.5% water content; ash content of 9,0%; volatile matter content of 43.3%, 40.2% fixed carbon, iodine 1238.544 mg/g. While activated carbon which is activated using H3PO4reagent 2.5 M - NH4HCO3 reagent 2.5 M contain 7.4% water content; ash content is about 10%; volatile matter content is 39.1%, fixed carbon is 43.5%, iodine 1238.544 mg/g,  surface area 86.213 m2/g, and pore volume 0.0733 cc/g. Keywords: perf activation; coal; bituminous; H3PO4; NH4HCO3; active carbon  Abstrak Batubara bituminus mempunyai potensi bagus untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi karbon aktif karena mempunyai kandungan karbon yang cukup tinggi, yaitu antara 54-86%. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh data kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang, fixed carbon, daya serap terhadap iodium (bilangan iodin), luas permukaan, dan volume pori karbon aktif. Tujuan lainnya adalah mempelajari pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi reagen H3PO4 dan NH4HCO3 terhadap karakteristik karbon aktif. Penelitian dilakukan dalam enam tahap : 1) karbonisasi; 2) aktivasi secara kimia; 3) penetralan;; 4) penyaringan; 5) aktivasi secara fisika; 6) pendinginan. Pembaharuan dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan kombinasi reagen H3PO4-NH4HCO3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif yang diaktivasi dengan kombinasi reagen H3PO4  2 M - NH4HCO3 2 M dan H3PO4  2,5 M - NH4HCO3 2,5 M mempunyai bilangan iodin terbaik. Karbon aktif yang diaktivasi menggunakan reagen H3PO4  2 M - NH4HCO3 2 M mengandung kadar air 7,5%, kadar abu 9,0%, kadar zat terbang 43,3%, fixed carbon 40,2%, bilangan iodin 1238,544 mg/g. Sedangkan karbon aktif yang diaktivasi menggunakan reagen H3PO4  2,5 M - NH4HCO3 2,5 M mengandung kadar air 7,4%, kadar abu 10%, kadar zat terbang 39,1%, fixed carbon 43,5%, bilangan iodin 1238,544 mg/g, luas permukaan 86,213 m2/g, dan volume pori 0,0733 cc/g. Kata kunci: aktivasi; batubara; bituminus; H3PO4; NH4HCO3; karbon aktif

scholarly journals THE UTILIZED OF ULIN WOOD WASTE (Eusideroxylon Zwageri T) AS ACTIVE CHARCOAL TO ADSORB IRON (Fe) AND MANGANESE (Mn)

Konversi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Agus Mirwan ◽  
Niska Nana Pratidina ◽  
Anna Permana Sari
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Active Charcoal ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Time Determination ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Eusideroxylon Zwageri

Abstract- A research on the utilization of ulin wood waste (Eusideroxylon Zwageri T) has been conducted as an active charcoal to adsorb Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn). The purpose of this research is to know and study the potential of activated charcoal from Ulin wood waste as adsorbent of Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) in well water, knowing optimum time to adsorb Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) and to know the concentration of Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) after adsorbed by activated charcoal from Ulin wood waste. Charcoal is obtained from Ulin wood with burning for 9 hours, then activated chemically and physics. The parameters studied were pH, optimum time determination, Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) concentration after adsorption. The results showed that the optimum time (toptimum) to adsorb Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) was at minute 30 and obtained the optimum concentration of Iron (Fe) of 0,22 mg / L and Manganese (Mn)  concentration of 0,174 mg / L . Keywords: Ulin Wood, activated charcoal, Fe and Mn adsorption, filtration. 

scholarly journals Configuration of flowsheet and reagent dosage for gilsonite flotation towards the ultra-low-ash concentrate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ataallah Bahrami ◽  
Fatemeh Kazemi ◽  
Mirsaleh Mirmohammadi ◽  
Yousef Ghorbani ◽  
Saghar Farajzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Sodium Cyanide ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Process Mineralogy

AbstractGilsonite has a wide variety of applications in the industry, including the manufacture of electrodes, paints and resins, as well as the production of asphalt and roof-waterproofing material. Gilsonite ash is a determining parameter for its application in some industries (e.g., gilsonite with ash content < 5% used as an additive in drilling fluids, resins). Due to the shortage of high grade (low ash) gilsonite reserves, the aim of this study is to develop a processing flowsheet for the production of ultra-low-ash gilsonite (< 5%), based on process mineralogy studies and processing tests. For this purpose, mineralogical studies and flotation tests have been performed on a sample of gilsonite with an average ash content of 15%. According to mineralogical studies, carbonates and clay minerals are the main associated impurities (more than 90 vol.%). Furthermore, sulfur was observed in two forms of mineral (pyrite and marcasite) and organic in the structure of gilsonite. Most of these impurities are interlocked with gilsonite in size fractions smaller than 105 µm. The size fraction of + 105 − 420 µm has a higher pure gilsonite (approximately 90%) than other size fractions. By specifying the gangue minerals with gilsonite and the manner and extent of their interlocking with gilsonite, + 75 − 420 µm size fraction selected to perform flotation tests. Flotation tests were performed using different reagents including collector (Gas oil, Kerosene and Pine oil), frother (MIBC) and depressant (sodium silicate, tannic acid, sulfuric acid and sodium cyanide) in different dosages. Based on the results, the use of kerosene collector, MIBC frother and a mixture of sodium silicate, tannic acid, sulfuric acid and sodium cyanide depressant had the most favorable results in gilsonite flotation in the rougher stage. Cleaner and recleaner flotation stages for the rougher flotation concentrate resulted in a product with an ash content of 4.89%. Due to the interlocking of gilsonite with impurities in size fractions − 105 µm, it is better to re-grinding the concentrate of the rougher stage beforehand flotation in the cleaner and recleaner stages. Finally, based on the results of mineralogical studies and processing tests, a processing flowsheet including crushing and initial granulation of gilsonite, flotation in rougher, cleaner and recleaner stages has been proposed to produce gilsonite concentrate with < 5% ash content.

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