scholarly journals Wild rice - a potential new crop for Finland

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 583-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. MÄKELÄ ◽  
W. O. ARCHIBOLD ◽  
P. PELTONEN-SAINIO
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Organically Grown ◽  
New Crop

Wild rice (Zizania palustris L.), an aquatic grass that grows naturally in lakes and slowly flowing rivers in North America, has been used as a food for thousands of years by some aboriginal tribes. In natural stands, the seeds mature in the autumn and overwinter on the lake bed. They germinate in May, with growth to maturity requiring approximately 100 days. The similarity of growing conditions between North America and Finland suggests that wild rice might succeed in northern Europe. The wild rice plant and the production of both organically grown Canadian wild rice and paddy-grown wild rice in the USA are briefly described in this review article together with the results of preliminary growth trials and an assessment of its agricultural role in Finland.

Chrysomyxa abietis (needle rust of fir).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Obligate Parasite ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Abstract C. abietis is a microcyclic rust fungus; an obligate parasite completing its life cycle on species of Picea (spruce). Only the current year's needles of Picea are infected and those needles are shed early. Reported from northern Europe and Asia, the fungus is a Regulated Pest for the USA. It is absent from North America, where susceptible species are native, and Australia and New Zealand, where they are introduced. Although usually not a significant problem in its native range, because conditions are not favourable for heavy infections every year (Smith et al., 1988; Hansen, 1997), this rust could be more damaging as an invasive in other temperate areas. Due to the fact that small amounts of infection may be overlooked, accidental introduction could occur through importation of infected seedlings or young trees.

Lilioceris lilii (lily leaf beetle).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Kenis
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Lilioceris Lilii ◽  
Lily Leaf Beetle ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Uk

Abstract L. lilii is a Eurasian chrysomelid beetle that was first found in Quebec, Canada, in 1943, from where it has spread to several Canadian Provinces, and Vermont and Maine in the USA. It was also reported in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1992, and it is now found in several New England States. It is also alien and invasive in the UK and, probably, in Northern Europe. The beetle most probably spreads with the sale and movement of potted lilies, flowering bulbs or cut flowers. In countries where it is invasive, it is a serious pest of cultivated lilies and fritillaries. Without control methods, leaves and flowers are totally defoliated by larvae. In North America, it also represents a threat to native lilies.

scholarly journals Grassland communities in the USA and expected trends associated with climate change

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Paul Belesky ◽  
Dariusz Piotr Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Grassland Communities ◽  
Growing Conditions

Grasslands, including managed grazinglands, represent one of the largest ecosystems on the planet. Managed grazinglands in particular tend to occupy marginal climatic and edaphic resource zones, thus exacerbating responses in net primary productivity relative to changes in system resources, including anthropogenic factors. Climate dynamism, as evident from the fossil record, appears to be a putative feature of our planet. Recent global trends in temperature and precipitation patterns seem to differ from long-term patterns and have been associated with human activities linked with increased greenhouse gas emissions; specifically CO<span><sub>2</sub></span>. Thus grasslands, with their diverse floristic components, and interaction with and dependence upon herbivores, have a remarkable ability to persist and sustain productivity in response to changing resource conditions. This resistance and resilience to change, including uncertain long-term weather conditions, establishes managed grasslands as an important means of protecting food security. We review responses of grassland communities across regions of the USA and consider the responses in productivity and system function with respect to climatic variation. Research is needed to identify plant resources and management technologies that strengthen our ability to capitalize upon physiological and anatomical features prevalent in grassland communities associated with varying growing conditions.

scholarly journals Cognettia sphagnetorum (Vejdovský, 1878) (Annelida, Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) in North America, confirmed with molecular support

Check List ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-983
Author(s):  
Will K. Reeves ◽  
Jeremy R. Shaw ◽  
Mark J. Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
North America ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Cognettia Sphagnetorum

Cognettia sphagnetorum (Vejdovsk&yacute;, 1878), a common inhabitant of forest soils and bogs in northern Europe, is a model organism in soil biology. We report the first documented occurrence of C. sphagnetorum in North America, based on DNA sequencing from a Sphagnum bog in western Washington, USA. Sequences were identical to that of worms from Sweden and the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Big and beautiful: the Megaxyela species (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) of East Asia and North America

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan M. Blank ◽  
Katja Kramp ◽  
David R. Smith ◽  
Yuri N. Sundikov ◽  
Meicai Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Old World ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
First Time

Megaxyela Ashmead, 1898 comprises 13 species, four of which are described as new and one is removed from synonymy: Megaxyela euchroma Blank, Shinohara & Wei sp. nov. from China (Zheijang), M. fulvago Blank, Shinohara & Wei sp. nov. from China (Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang), M. inversa Blank & D.R. Smith sp. nov. from the USA (West Virginia), M. langstoni Ross, 1936 sp. rev. from the eastern USA, and M. pulchra Blank, Shinohara & Sundukov sp. nov. from China (Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Tibet), South Korea (Kangwon-do) and Russia (Primorskiy Kray). The male of M. parki Shinohara, 1992 is described for the first time. A lectotype is designated for M. gigantea Mocsáry, 1909. A cladogram, based on COI sequences of seven species, is presented and interpreted in view of selected morphological characters. Records of M. fulvago sp. nov. from Hunan and of M. pulchra sp. nov. from Tibet extend the known distribution of Megaxyela in the Old World 600 kilometers farther south and 2500 kilometers farther west than previous records.

Geoarchaeological and Paleohydrological Evidence for a Clovis-Age Drought in North America and Its Bearing on Extinction

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-Part1) ◽  
pp. 438-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vance Haynes
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Human Predation ◽  
Water Table Rise ◽  
Algal Mat ◽  
Game Animals

AbstractAt the Murray Springs Clovis site in southeastern Arizona, stratigraphic and geomorphic evidence indicates that an abnormally low water table 10,900 yr B.P. was followed soon thereafter by a water-table rise accompanied by the deposition of an algal mat (the “black mat”) that buried mammoth tracks, Clovis artifacts, and a well. This water-table fluctuation correlates with pluvial lake fluctuations in the Great Basin during and immediately following Clovis occupation of that region. Many elements of Pleistocene megafauna in North America became extinct during the dry period. Oxygen isotope records show a marked decrease in δ18O correlated with the Younger Dryas cold-dry event of northern Europe which ended 10,750 yr B.P., essentially the same time as the water table began to rise in southeastern Arizona. Clovis hunters may have found large game animals easier prey when concentrated at water holes and under stress. If so, both climate and human predation contributed to Pleistocene extinction in America.

scholarly journals Socio-Spatial Research on Logistics and Its Impact on Urban Environment: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
José A. López-Sánchez ◽  
Beltrán Roca
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Research Questions

This review article attempts to respond to the following research questions: how has evolved socio-spatial analysis on logistics, which are the most studied types of this economic activity, and the major impacts of logistics on urban space. This article draws on a systemized bibliometric analysis to identify the main tendencies in logistics' spatial study. It identifies four clusters of literature that put interest on different subtopics and approaches. The review reveals the current hegemony of applied research that focuses on sustainability, streamlining, and technology, mainly from the USA and China, despite research on globalization and industry. In fact, concerning the urban space, the most vivid academic discussion revolves around the location of warehousing and transport activity within cities. Finally, the article highlights the lack of critical perspectives on logistics and socio-spatial conflicts generated by logistics extension in mainstream academic literature. The analysis concludes that socio-spatial disputes related to logistics remain understudied and, consequently, further research should be conducted on this field.

Puccinia buxi.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
North America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
The Usa

Abstract P. buxi is an autoecious microcyclic rust, completing its life cycle with two spore forms on one host. It is native to parts of Europe and Asia. An introduction to the USA, is evidence that it can be invasive with respect to other temperate countries, particularly because its hosts in the genus Buxus are often propagated vegetatively and may carry latent infections. Boxwoods have long been popular as ornamentals, therefore the rust's current absence from North America and temperate regions of the southern hemisphere is puzzling; in the earliest introductions of the host, the pathogen would probably have been ignored or overlooked. Conditions of boxwood cultivation may discourage the rust's growth and survival.

Entyloma calendulae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
New South ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
New Crop

Abstract A description is provided for Entyloma calendulae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Calendula officinarum, also C. aegyptiaca, C. algeriensis, C. arvensis, C. persica. DISEASE: Leaf spot of Calendula. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in Europe including Scandinavia and USSR (Latvia); around the Mediterranean (Algeria, Israel, Tunisia, Turkey); North America (USA), South America (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay); Australia (New South Wales, Western Australia), New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: Ustilospores survive on infected plant remains in soil and germinate to infect the new crop. Overwintering on self-sown seedlings is also possible.

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