scholarly journals The efficiency of dolomitic limestone, basic slag and peat ash as liming agents, and as calcium and magnesium sources for turnip rape

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-383
Author(s):  
Raili Jokinen
Keyword(s):  
Fine Sand ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Basic Slag ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
By Products

Incubation and pot experiments were carried out on muddy fine sand and fine sand soils to determine the efficiency of dolomitic limestone and of industrial by-products, basic slag and peat ash, as liming agents. Calcitic limestone was used as reference material. In the incubation experiment 0, 0.6, 1.2 and 2,4 g calcitic limestone were applied to 390 g (muddy fine sand) or 360 g (fine sand) of air-dry soil. The amount of other liming agents added was 2.4 g. In the pot experiment the weights of soil were 3.9kg (muddy fine sand) and 3.6kg (fine sand) and 24 g of liming agent was applied. The turnip rape (Brassica campestris v. oleifera f.annua cv. Candle) was grown in two growing seasons and the crops were cut at the flowering stage. In both experiments the soils were sampled for analysis after four and sixteen months. The acidity of the soils was neutralized with the liming agents to the same extent in the pot and the incubation experiments. The increases in pH(CaCl2) obtained in the incubation experiment with 2.4 g liming agents were on the muddy fine sand and fine sand for calcitic limestone 2.0 and 1.4, for dolomitic limestone 1.5 and 1.1, for peat ash 0.3 and 0.2, for basic slag 0.8 and 0.6, respectively. At the end of the incubation 2.4 g of dolomitic limestone, peat ash and basic slag had increased the pH(CaCl2) of the soils to the same extent as 1.7 g, 0.4 g or 0.8 g of calcitic limestone, respectively. The proportion of non-exchangeable Ca at pH 7 of the amount added in 2.4 g liming agents was for calcitic limestone 14 and 23 %, for dolomitic limestone 42 and 52 %, for peat ash 27 and 51 %, and for basic slag 59 and 64 %, in the muddy fine sand and fine sand soils, respectively. Of the Mg added in dolomitic limestone, about 45 % was non-exchangeable, and in basig slag about 65 %. In the pot experiment about 13 % (average of the two soils) of the Ca applied in calcitic limestone was not found in turnip rape or as neutral 1 M ammonium acetate extractable from the soil. The corresponding value for dolomitic limestone was 41 %, for peat ash 45 % and for basic slag 65 %. The Mg applied in the liming agents but not found in turnip rape or in the soil amounted to 42 % for dolomitic limestone, 74 % for peat ash and 67 % for basic slag. The efficiency of basic slag as a liming agent will be over estimated if it is measured by the amount of acid neutralized or by the content of Ca and Mg (Ca + 1.65xMg) soluble in 1M HCI. The amount of Ca soluble in 1 M HCI, alone, may provide a better, though not good, measure of the neutralizing ability of basic slag.

scholarly journals Peat ash and basic slag as substitutes for lime with reference to phosphorus uptake by turnip rape

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Basic Slag ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Turnip Rape

The effect of peat ash and basic slag on the P supply to turnip rape was compared with that of calcitic and dolomitic limestone in a pot experiment performed with two acid mineral soils of pH 4.8 (CaCl2). Changes in soil properties induced by various liming agents were investigated in an analogous incubation test, and the results served to interpret the observations made in the pot experiment. When the liming materials were added in equal quantities, their ability to reduce soil acidity decreased in the sequence: calcite > dolomite > basic slag > peat ash. However, their growth-promoting effect appeared only in the second year and was not related to the neutralizing ability. In the muddy fine sand soil (3.0 % of org. C) poor in water-soluble P, the peat ash and basic slag were equally effective as calcite in increasing the dry matter yields. In the fine sand soil (6.4 % of org. C), the basic slag and dolomite significantly increased the second yield. The efficiency of peat ash and basic slag seemed to be attributable to their positive impact on P resources. In fact, peat ash served as a slowly acting P-fertilizer rather than as a liming agent. In the basic slag treatment, an increased silicate concentration obviously resulted in desorption of P. In the P-deficient muddy fine sand, the peat ash was equivalent to calcite in intensifying the P uptake. On the other hand, in the fine sand soil where the polymerization of Al due to an increased pH obviously resulted in enhanced P retention, the P uptake was higher in the soils treated with peat ash and basic slag than in those amended with conventional liming agents.

scholarly journals Effect of liming on phosphorus in two soils of different organic matter content: II Changes in the availability of phosphorus to turnip rape (Brassica campestris) 

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-362
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
P Removal

The effect of calcitic limestone treatments on the availability of P to turnip rape was studied with two acid mineral soils of pH 4.8 (CaCl2) in a pot experiment during two growing seasons. The soil reactions of a connected incubation test served to interpret the results obtained in the pot experiment. The experimental soils represented soil types of dissimilar responses to liming in regard to P availability. In the muddy fine sand (3 % of org. C), initially poor in easily soluble P, liming enhanced plant growth as well as P uptake in the second year. However, in spite of intensified P removal, the final content of water- soluble P in the limed soils was not lower than in the unlimed ones. This was assumed to demonstrate an augmented availability of P. Also in the fine sand soil (6.4 % of org. C), rich in water-soluble P, liming slightly improved growth of the second harvest in the pots not treated with P, but it did not affect P removal. In the pots amended with P, on the contrary, liming had no effect on the dry matter yields, but it tended to depress P withdrawal. Nevertheless, all the limed soils contained finally less water-soluble P than the unlimed ones, which suggests a diminished availability. The results of the pot experiment demonstrate that a relatively low soil pH does not necessarily limit growth of turnip rape, provided no nutrient deficiency or metal toxicity occurs.

scholarly journals Calcium, magnesium and potassium in mineral soils from the southern half of Finland

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-261
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Clay Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
Mineral Soils

210 samples of mineral soils from the southern half of Finland with mainly an acid precambrian bedrock, were analysed for the total contents of Ca, Mg and K, and for the portion of these nutrients which could be exchanged by N NH4OAc (pH 7), dissolved by 0.1 N HCI at room temperature, or released by N HCI at 50° C. The total content of Ca was lowest in samples of heavy clay, 0.78±0.14 % in the surface soils and 0.92±0.10 % in the deeper layers. The mean content in the groups of other soils was at least about 1.1 %. The total content of Mg increased with an increase in the clay content (r = 0.81***). It ranged from 0.6±0.1 % in the sand and fine sand samples to 1.53±0.19 % in the heavy clay soils of the surface layers and to 1.89±0.12 % in those of the deeper layers. Also in the groups of loam and silt soils and of the coarser clay soils, respectively, the Mg content was in the deeper layers higher than in the surface soils. The total content of K also increased with the clay content (r=0.73***) from 1.7±0.1 % in the sand and fine sand soils to 2.74±0.21 % in the heavy clay soils of the surface layers and to 3.10±0.07 % in those of the deeper layers. The portion of exchangeable Ca was relatively high: in the groups of surface soils from more than one tenth to one third of the total amount. The corresponding average amounts released by even the more drastic treatment with acid were not markedly higher. Only a few per cents of total Mg were exchangeable and slightly higher amounts were dissolved by 0.1 N HCI, whereas the treatment with N HCI at 50° C released about half of the total Mg. Exchangeable K and K dissolved by 0,1 N HCI did not exceed 1 % of the total K, except slightly in the heavy clay soils; the average amounts released by N HCI ranged from 5 to 18 % of the total K. The plant availability of these nutrients was discussed.

EFFECTS OF BORON, MOLYBDENUM AND LIME ON YIELD AND LEAF TISSUE NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION OF GREEN PEAS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. CUTCLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Tissue Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Green Peas

The effects of preplant soil applications of B, Mo and dolomitic limestone on yields and leaf tissue nutrient concentrations of Rally peas were investigated at five locations with initial soil pH levels of 5.1–5.9. Experiments were conducted for two consecutive growing seasons at each location. All treatments were preplant incorporated in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with five replicates. Yields of shelled peas, adjusted to tenderometer 100, varied between experiments from 1.1 to 4.8 × 103 kg ha−1 and were not generally affected by B, Mo or lime at application rates of 2.0, 0.25 and 10 000 kg ha−1, respectively. Also, the micronutrient and lime treatments had no significant effects on germination, vine length, pea/vine ratio or maturity. Leaf tissue B, Mo and Mg concentrations were increased by the applications of B, Mo and dolomitic limestone, respectively. However, leaf tissue Ca concentration was not affected by the lime treatment. The results indicate that leaf tissue concentrations of 16–74 μg g−1 B, 0.04–1.34 μg g−1 Mo and 0.23–0.55% Mg were within the sufficiency range.Key words: Peas, boron, molybdenum, dolomitic limestone, yield, leaf tissue concentration

Frost-seeding of summer turnip rape in the subarctic

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-723
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Sparrow ◽  
Charles W. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Good Seed ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Yields

Previous research has indicated that spring-planted summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) can produce good seed yields with high oil content in subarctic Alaska. However, short growing seasons often prevent seeds from reaching full maturity, resulting in high proportions of green seeds and lowered market quality. In an attempt to allow summer turnip rape seedlings to begin growth earlier in the growing season, we planted the seeds in frozen soil in late fall and early spring. Fall seeding of summer turnip rape always resulted in low plant populations, low seed yields, and high percentages of green seeds. Percentages of green seeds were highly variable and early spring seedings did not result in significantly lower percentages of green seeds than conventional (May) seedings. The effects of early spring frost-seeding on plant populations and seed yields were variable but only rarely did early spring seeding produce significantly higher seed yields than conventional seeding. Planting into barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) stubble resulted in poor stands which produced low seed yields. This study did not indicate any advantage from fall planting of summer turnip rape. Results from spring frost-seeding were not consistent; therefore, this practice cannot be recommended until these inconsistencies are better understood.Key words: Frost-seeding, summer turnip rape, subarctic, Alaska

scholarly journals Fertilizer nitrogen in soil

1961 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila ◽  
Pentti Hänninen
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Considerable Period

The distribution of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the soils of field trials was followed in two growing seasons. In these trials ammonium nitrate limestone and calcium nitrate were, at several rates, applied as surface dressing. It was found that not only the ammonium nitrogen but also the nitrate nitrogen applied to the surface of loam, silt, silt clay, and fine sand clay soils tended to remain in the top inch for a considerable period in the absence of heavy rainfalls or a longer wet period. The plants appeared rapidly to deplete the layers downwards from 1 inch, but even after six and eight weeks from the application of the fertilizers the ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents of the surface inch could be markedly higher in the treated plots than in the untreated ones. In the non-cropped soil, eight weeks after the application of the fertilizers, the mineral nitrogen content of the top inch corresponded to about 60 % of the nitrogen applied. On the basis of these results the working in or placement of nitrogen fertilizers seems to be profitable. Fixation of ammonium nitrogen in unexchangeable forms was observed in some of the trials. This, however, did not significantly impair the value of ammonium nitrate limestone as a nitrogen source in these trials.

scholarly journals Effect of liming on phosphorus in two soils of different organic matter content: I Changes of native and applied phosphorus in incubation experiment 

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-354
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Buffering Power ◽  
Soluble P

The effect of increasing lime quantities on reactions of native and applied P was investigated in an incubation experiment performed with two acid mineral soils of pH 4.8 (CaCl2). The soil samples differed considerably in the content of organic matter, which was reflected in their pH buffering power: in the fine sand, rich in organic matter (6.4 % org. C), liming raised the pH less than in the muddy fine sand (3.0 % org. C). The level of native water-soluble P was markedly lowered in the incubated soil samples treated with nutrient salts. In the muddy fine sand, the decrease tended to be the smaller, whereas in the fine sand the greater, the more intensive liming was. This held true also of added P. The changes in CHANG and JACKSON’s P fractions did not alone satisfactorily explain the dissimilar response of soil P to lime treatments. The fate of P was concluded to be controlled by the quality and quantity of Al species differing in their affinity for P sorption. The changes in the solubility of P are a net result of processes enhancing and of those depressing the sorption tendency. In the fine sand soil of high initial content of water-soluble P, the detrimental effect of liming seemed to be attributed to the abundance of polymerized Al the affinity of which for P retention increased with intensified liming. Further, the high pH buffering power of this soil reduced the efficiency of lime to produce OH- ions able to compete with phosphate for sorption sites. In the muddy fine sand soil, on the contrary, the formation of sorption-active sites was not equally marked and, owing to the weaker pH buffering, liming raised the OH- concentration more effectively.

scholarly journals Impact of Organomineral Fertilization Systems on the Yield of Field Crops and Changes in the Productivity of Crop Rotation on Irrigated Ordinary Carbonate Chernozems of the Central Ciscaucasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 01039
Author(s):  
Ruslan Bizhoev ◽  
Sarina Konova ◽  
Asiyat Sarbasheva ◽  
Olga Batyrova ◽  
Rada Gazheva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

The paper presents the research results of the impact of different fertilization systems - mineral and organic, using intercropping of green manure crops, biological resources (straw of grain crops, foliar of maize) on crop yields of grain rotating crops - winter wheat, maize, peas and the productivity of hectare of arable black land of ordinary carbonate chernozem in dryland conditions of the Central Caucasus region with different indicators of growing seasons. The scientific novelty of the paper is the identification of optimum-rational fertilization systems and the justification of the influence of the studied fertilization systems and the use of by-products of the crop rotation, which make it possible to obtain stable crop yields and maintain the humus content in the soil. The work defines the efficiency of the use of different mineral fertilizer doses in combination with organic fertilizers, which form the highest crop yield and crop rotation productivity.

scholarly journals Liming of forest soils: effectiveness of particle-size fractions

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Musil ◽  
V. Pavlíček
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Coarse Fraction ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Mg Content

The paper studies the effect of a single use of a textural fraction of dolomitic limestone (5.1 t per ha) on soil reaction (pH/KCl and pH/H2O) and the content of exchangeable Ca and Mg (in the soil layer of 0–30 cm or in F, H and <br />A horizons) during a 6-year experiment under a mature Norway spruce stand and a 4-year experiment on a clear-felled area. The increase in pH culminated in the 3rd or in the 3rd–6th year of the experiment. Maximum effects were achieved applying the fine fraction of a particle size £ 1 mm. The coarse fraction of a particle size &gt; 1 mm showed virtually negligible effects. The increase in Ca and Mg content culminated in the last 6th year of the experiment. Maximum effects were achieved applying fine fractions again. The effect of the coarse fraction was also virtually negligible. After 6 years, ma-ximum increase in all values under study occurred in the upper narrow F horizon while the increase rapidly dropped downwards.

scholarly journals Utilization of Sustainable Materials to Enhance Geotechnical Characteristics of Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Rama Subba Rao, G.V
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Geotechnical Engineering ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
By Products

Geotechnical engineering can noticeably affect the sustainability of infrastructure development because of its beginning place in the construction practice. Utilization of waste materials for enhancing properties of the soil is a wise choice and is also one step towards accomplishing sustainable development. Application of by-products (viz., flay ash and rice husk ash) which could be defined as “sustainable materials”, find special place in the modern-day soil stabilization and modification exercise. The preset paper aims at enhancing properties of expansive soil with inclusion of industrial by-products namely Rice Husk ash and Fly Ash. Further the present paper focuses on improving geotechnical characteristics of fine sand upon reinforcing with ground shredded rubber tire. Fine sand has a low angle of internal friction and which in turn has low shear strength. Reuse of waste materials is one area of research which attempts to makes geotechnical engineering practice sustainable.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document