scholarly journals Small fruit breeding in Finland

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heimo Hiirsalmi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Research Station ◽  
The North ◽  
To Come ◽  
Work Done

In Finland, the breeding of small fruits has been focused on species belonging to the Ribes, Fragaria, Rubus, Vaccinium and Hippophaë genera. Of the blackcurrant, many local varieties have been brought under cultivation during this century, the most significant being ‘Brödtorp’ and ‘Melalahti’. The Department of Horticulture of the Agricultural Research Centre has, by means of intervariety crossings, developed selections combining high yield, upright growth and resistance to gooseberry mildew. A selection with greenberries, chosen from among the self-pollination progeny of the Swedish ‘Öjebyn’ variety, was released for cultivation in 1987, under the name ‘Vertti’. As to the gooseberry, the old Finnish varieties ‘Hinnnomäen keltainen’ and ‘Lepaanpunainen’ are still generally cultivated. In 1984, the Department of Horticulture released the late, cultivated strawberry variety ‘Hiku’, a very good cropper, for cultivation. It comes from the crossing ‘Senga Sengana’ x ‘Redgauntlet’. The most promising early selection, which this spring was released for cultivation under the name ‘Mari’, comes from the crossing ‘Pocahontas’ x ‘Lihama’. In 1986, the wood strawberry variety ‘Minja’ a result of the crossing Fragaria vesca x ‘Rügen’, was brought under cultivation. In the breeding of the raspberry, the Department of Horticulture has utilized the gene pools of wild raspberries; this has produced new selections with fairly good winter hardiness. This spring a variety named ‘Ville’, which was produced in the crossing of the Canadian ‘Ottawa’ and a Finnish wild raspberry strain, was introduced on the market. In addition, the raspberry has been crossed with the arctic bramble. By means of many crossings and back-crossings, the so-called nectar raspberry was developed, of which the variety ‘Heija’ was released for cultivation in 1975 and the variety ‘Heisa’ in 1981. Of the arctic bramble, two natural strains selected by the North Savo Research Station of the Agricultural Research Centre were brought under cultivation in 1972 under the variety names ‘Mesma’ and ‘Mespi’. The cross between them, ‘Pima’, was released for cultivation in 1982. By crossing the arctic bramble with the Alaska bramble, the Department of Horticulture has developed arctic bramble hybrid selections, two of which were named varieties, ‘Aura’ and ‘Astra’, in 1986. They form a higher growth structure than the arctic bramble, are better croppers and have bigger berries with the fine aroma of the arctic bramble. As a result of the breeding work done at the Department of Horticulture, a high bush blueberry variety, ‘Aron’, with a better winter hardiness than the foreign varieties, was released for cultivation in 1982. It comes from the back-crossing ‘Rancocas’ x (Vaccinium utiginosum x ‘Rancocas’). The aim of the breeding of the sea-buckthorn at the Department of Horticulture is, by means of crossings between subspecies growing wild in Europe and Asia, to reduce the thorniness of the bushes and to cause the berries to come off the stalks intact. The release of two selections for cultivation is presently being prepared.

Northward ho! Obama, Diefenbaker and the North American Arctic

Polar Record ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-255
Author(s):  
Klaus J. Dodds
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Aleutian Islands ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
The North ◽  
American President ◽  
North American Arctic ◽  
To Come ◽  
Franklin Delano Roosevelt ◽  
Lying Down

President Barrack Obama became, in September 2015, the first US president to travel north of the Arctic Circle. Having started his Alaskan itinerary in Anchorage, attending and speaking at a conference involving Secretary of State John Kerry and invited guests, the president travelled north to the small town of Kotzebue, a community of some 3000 people with the majority of inhabitants identifying as native American. Delivered to an audience in the local high school numbering around 1000, the 41st US president placed his visit within a longer presidential tradition of northern visitation: I did have my team look into what other Presidents have done when they visited Alaska. I’m not the first President to come to Alaska.Warren Harding spent more than two weeks here – which I would love to do. But I can't leave Congress alone that long. (Laughter.) Something might happen. When FDR visited – Franklin Delano Roosevelt – his opponents started a rumor that he left his dog, Fala, on the Aleutian Islands – and spent 20 million taxpayer dollars to send a destroyer to pick him up. Now, I’m astonished that anybody would make something up about a President. (Laughter.) But FDR did not take it lying down. He said, “I don't resent attacks, and my family doesn't resent attacks – but Fala does resent attacks. He's not been the same dog since.” (Laughter.) President Carter did some fishing when he visited. And I wouldn't mind coming back to Alaska to do some fly-fishing someday. You cannot see Alaska in three days. It's too big. It's too vast. It's too diverse. (Applause.) So I’m going to have to come back. I may not be President anymore, but hopefully I’d still get a pretty good reception. (Applause.) And just in case, I’ll bring Michelle, who I know will get a good reception. (Applause.) . . .. But there's one thing no American President has done before – and that's travel above the Arctic Circle. (Applause.) So I couldn't be prouder to be the first, and to spend some time with all of you (Obama 2015a).

Alert common bean

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Mündel ◽  
F. A. Kiehn ◽  
G. Saindon ◽  
H. C. Huang ◽  
R. L. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Alert is a high-yielding, semi-erect great northern common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. It was developed from a series of crosses at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, on contract to the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Centre, Lethbridge, with cooperation from the AAFC Morden Research Station. Alert is well adapted to the eastern Canadian prairies, yielding significantly higher than the check cultivar, US1140, at 130% in the official Manitoba Dry Bean Co-operative Registration Trials. Alert is moderately resistant to white mold and resistant to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). It is susceptible to the alpha and alpha Brazil races of anthracnose, but resistant to the delta race. Key words: Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, great northern bean, cultivar description, high yield

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Rate and Walkway on Yield of Field Pea Under Relay Cropping with T. Aman Rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
MO Ali ◽  
AHMMR Talukder ◽  
L Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Relay Cropping

The field experiment was conducted at Pulses Research Centre (PRC), Ishurdi, Pabna and Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Jamalpur during rabi 2012-2013 to find out the effect of seed rate and walkway for green pea production as relay cropping with transplanted Aman rice. The experiment was based on six seed rates @ 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 kg ha-1 and two walking ways viz. 15 cm wide walkway at 2 m interval over the plot and control with three replications. A local cultivar of pea, named Natore was used in this trial. Results revealed that the treatment with 100 kg seed ha-1 gave the highest pod yield of 5.13 t ha-1 and 4.98 t ha-1 at Jamalpur and Ishurdi locations, respectively which was similar to 80 (S4) and 90 (S5) kg seed ha-1.. Walkway had no significant variation in yield and yield contributing characters but it produced the higher yield over the control. Using walkway, 100 kg seed ha-1 (S6) and 15 cm walkway at 2 m interval over the plot (W1) produced the highest pod yield of 5.14 t ha-1 and 4.95 t ha-1 and fodder yield of 6.70 t ha-1 and 6.13 t ha-1 at Jamalpur and Ishurdi locations, respectively. Maximum gross margin of Tk. 1,06,040 ha-1 and Tk. 1,02,401 ha-1 was contributed by combinations of using 100 kg seed ha-1 and 15 cm walking way but maximum benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 3.40 and 3.43 were obtained from S5×W1 combination at Jamalpur and Ishurdi locations, respectively. It is concluded that pea cultivar can be successfully cultivated for green pod production through the use of 90-100 kg ha-1 seed with walkway of 15 cm wide in the plot after 2 m intervals. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(1): 95-103

Selection of the components of a synthetic variety of Andropogon gayanus

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-633
Author(s):  
B. Grof
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Bunch Grass ◽  
San Martín ◽  
Selection Of

Andropogon gayanus Kunth var. bisquamulatus Hack, is a polymorphic bunch grass, widely distributed throughout most of the tropical and subtropical savannahs of Africa, south of the Sahara in areas with a long dry season. This grass was introduced into the Colombian Llanos from the Shika Agricultural Research Station, northern Nigeria, in 1974. Subsequent to its introduction, a series of agronomic trials were initiated by Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) at the Carimagua Research Centre and various national research institutions in Latin America to evaluate the potential of A. gayanus, primarily in the vast Ultisol and Oxisol savannah regions of the continent. As a result of further evaluation at a number of locations, accession A. gayanus var. bisquamulatus CIAT 621 was released in 1980 in Brazil as cv. Flanaltina and in Colombia as cv. Carimagua 1. During 1982–3 Peru, Venezuela and Panama subsequently released the same accession under the cultivar names of San Martin, Sabanero and Veranero, respectively. It is estimated that 168000 ha have been sown with A. gayanus in Brazil since 1982 (J. E. Ferguson, C. Sere and R. de Andrade, personal communication). Smaller areas have been established in other countries.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes for Yield and Drought Tolerance under Rain Fed and Irrigated Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
R. Divya Madhuri ◽  
V. Jayalakshmi ◽  
M. Shanthi Priya
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Mean

In Southern India, drought stress is a major constraint to chickpea production and yield stability. Drought tolerant index (DTI) that provides a measure of drought based on yield loss under drought condition in comparison to normal condition was used for screening drought-tolerant genotypes. This study was conducted to determine drought tolerant genotypes with high yield in stress and non-stress conditions utilising physiological traits. Thirty chickpea genotypes were tested in a randomized complete block design with three replications under rain fed and irrigated conditions at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, India during rabi, 2018-2019. The analysis of variance carried out for yield and drought tolerant traits revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all characters under rain fed as well as irrigated conditions. NBeG 776, NBeG 779, NBeG 868, ICCV 181606, MH 13 and MH 14 are drought tolerant. NBeG 776, NBeG 779 and NBeG 868 are suitable under both rain fed and irrigated conditions with significantly higher yields over their respective means. ICCV 181606, MH 13 and MH 14 are suitable exclusively for rain fed condition with significantly superior yields over the mean.

scholarly journals Refugial origin and postglacial colonization of holarctic reindeer and caribou

Rangifer ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut H. Røed
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
The North ◽  
Morphological Differences

The classification and colonization of reindeer and caribou (Rangifer tarandus) was assessed from analysis of both proteins, nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA. I demonstrate that the current subspecies designations are not compatible with the differentiation at these markers, suggesting that the morphological differences among extant subspecies did not evolve in separate glacial refugia. Thus, morphological differences among extant subspecies probably evolved as adaptive responses to post-glacial environmental changes. An exception to this is the North American woodland caribou, where all three marker systems support a subspecies-specific refugium as the ancestral origin of these animals. Three major mtDNA haplogroups reported, represent three separate origins of the species during the last glaciation. The most influential origin has contributed to the gene pool of all extant subspecies, suggesting the existence of a large and continuous glacial population ranging across extensive areas of tundra in Eurasia and Beringia. The North American tundra forms (R.t. granti and groenlandicus) and the arctic forms (R.t platyrhynchus, R.t pearyi and R.t eogroenlandicus) almost exclusively comprise haplotypes of such an origin. Another small and isolated refugium seems to have arisen in western Eurasia in close connection to the extensive ice sheet that covered Fennoscandia. The two Eurasian subspecies R.t. tarandus and R.t. fennicus appear to have a diphyletic origin as both the putatively small and isolated Eurasian refugium and the large Beringia refugium have contributed to their gene pools. A third distinct and geographically well-defined refugial area was probably located south to the extensive North American continental ice sheet from where the ancestors of the present North American woodland caribou (R.t. caribou) likely originated.Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Systematisk inndeling og kolonisering av rein (Rangifer tarandus) ble bestemt ved å analysere for variasjon i genetiske markører som proteiner, kjerneDNA og mitokondrieDNA. Dagens oppdeling av rein i underarter viser liten overensstemmelse med variasjonsmønsteret i de undersøkte markørene, noe som viser at de morfologiske forskjellene som karakteriserer dagens underarter ikke har utviklet seg i atskilte refugier i løpet av siste istid. Unntak fra dette er nordamerikansk skogsrein (woodland caribou-R.t. caribou) hvor alle tre markørsystemene indikerer at denne har utviklet seg i et refugium forskjellig fra andre underarter. De tre registrerte hovedhaplogruppene i mitokondrie-DNA representerer tre atskilte opprinnelser av rein i løpet av siste istid. Den mest innflytelsesrike av disse bidro vesentlig til genbanken til alle dagens underarter av rein, noe som tyder på at det under siste istid eksisterte en stor reinpopulasjon med kontinuerlig utbredelse gjennom store deler av tundraen i Eurasia og Beringia. De nordamerikanske tundrareintypene (R.t. granti og R.t. groenlandicus), samt de arktiske typene (R.t. platyrhunchus, R.t. pearyi og R.t. eogroenlandicus) består nærmest utelukkende av haplotyper med denne opprinnelse. Et annet lite og isolert refugium syntes å ha oppstått i Vest-Europa i nærheten av den omfattende isbreen som dekket Fennoskandia. De to europeiske underarter, R.t. tarandus og R.t. fennicus, syntes å ha en todelt opprinnelse med genetisk påvirkning fra både det antatt lille og isolerte refugiet i Eurasia samt fra det store Beringia refugiet. Et tredje geografisk distinkt refugium var antagelig lokalisert sør for den omfattende isbreen i Nord Amerika hvorfra forfedrene til dagens nordamerikanske skogsrein (R.t. caribou) har sin mest sannsynlige opprinnelse.

Island pinto bean

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. -H. Mündel ◽  
F. A. Kiehn ◽  
H. C. Huang ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
P. Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
White Mould ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Island is a high-yielding, tall, partially upright pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), with short vines and an average seed weight of 38.5 g 100 seeds-1. It was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, in collaboration with the AAFC Research Station, Morden, MB. Island is well adapted to wide-row irrigated production of the Canadian prairies, with yields exceeding those of Othello, the check cultivar. Island is moderately susceptible, as is Othello, to race 73 of anthracnose [caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib]; and is moderately resistant to white mould [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary]. Key words: Pinto (bean), cultivar description, high yield

AC Black Diamond common bean

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Henning Mündel ◽  
Gilles Saindon ◽  
Henry C. Huang ◽  
Ferdinand A. Kiehn
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Cultivar Description

AC Black Diamond is a high-yielding, large-seeded, shiny black dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. It was developed from a series of crosses at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, on contract to the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Centre, Lethbridge, with cooperation from the AAFC Research Station Morden. AC Black Diamond is well adapted to the Canadian prairies, yielding significantly more than the check cultivar, UI 906, at 122% in narrow-rows an d 106% in wide-rows. AC Black Diamond is moderately susceptible to white mold and resistant to bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). Key words: Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, shiny large-seeded black bean, cultivar description, high yield

scholarly journals Bipolar long-term high temporal resolution broadband measurement system for incoming and outgoing solar UV radiation, and snow UV albedo, at Sodankylä (67°N) and Marambio (64°S)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Meinander ◽  
A. Aarva ◽  
A. Poikonen ◽  
A. Kontu ◽  
H. Suokanerva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Snow Albedo

Abstract. The polar regions of the Earth are characterized with low solar elevation angles, cold temperatures and large amount of snow and ice. Under the harsh polar conditions, good quality in situ measurements of incoming and outgoing solar radiation, and surface albedo, is a major challenge. Both in the Arctic and Antarctic, the solar radiation at the wavelengths of ultraviolet (UV) has been of particular interest due to the polar stratospheric ozone depletion, which increases UV radiation on the ground (with multiple effects, such as UV-induced DNA-damage). In the presence of light absorbing impurities (OC/BC/dust) in snow, albedo can be most affected at the wavelengths of UV. Here we provide, for the first time, the description, comparison and evaluation of our bipolar measurement design, instrumentation and data system, calibration assessment, as well as challenges, for measuring incoming and outgoing UV radiation (from which snow albedo is calculated) at the Sodankylä Arctic Research Centre (67°N) and at the Marambio Antarctic Research Station (64°S). Both stations are members of the Global Atmosphere Watch GAW programme of the World Meteorological Organization WMO and have personnel available year-round. The Sodankylä snow UV albedo measurements were started in 2007, as part of the International Polar Year IPY (2007–2008). The Marambio surface UV albedo measurements, since February 2013, are part of the Argentinian-Finnish scientific co-operation on meteorological and atmospheric observations. The paper aims to give a comprehensive insight into our bipolar measurement system, and to create an understanding needed for a successful scientific utilization of these data, including satellite and modeling approaches. We also present a literature review of our previous publications on Sodankylä snow UV albedo data.

Banana Pepper Response and Annual Weed Control with S-metolachlor and Clomazone

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mohseni-Moghadam ◽  
Douglas Doohan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Station ◽  
The North ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Late Emergence ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
Common Purslane

Field experiments were conducted at the North Central Agricultural Research Station in Fremont, OH, in 2006 and 2007, to evaluate tolerance of banana pepper to S-metolachlor and clomazone, and the efficacy of these herbicides on green and giant foxtail, common lambsquarters, and common purslane. The crop was machine-transplanted in late spring of each year. Pretransplant (PRETP) herbicide treatments included two S-metolachlor rates (534 and 1,070 g ai ha−1), two clomazone rates (560 and 1,120 g ai ha−1), and four tank mixes of S-metolachlor plus clomazone (534 + 560 g ha−1, 1,070 + 560 g ha−1, 534 + 1,120 g ha−1, and 1,070 + 1,120 g ha−1). Crop injury and weed control data were collected at 2 and 4 wk after treatment (WAT). The crop was harvested two times from August to September. Minor crop injury was observed at 2 WAT only in 2006 and in plots treated with S-metolachlor, alone or in combination with clomazone. In 2007, slight crop injury at 6 WAT in most herbicide-treated plots was mostly related to weeds that grew regardless of herbicide treatment. In general, S-metolachlor provided less weed control than did clomazone or tank mixes of S-metolachlor plus clomazone. Clomazone did not reduce yield of banana pepper. Registration of clomazone would provide banana pepper growers an opportunity to control weeds caused by late emergence or poor initial control following a burndown herbicide application.

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