scholarly journals Effect of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici) on spring wheat in Finland

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-467
Author(s):  
Oiva Nissinen
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

In 1970–72 the effect of powdery mildew on Finnish spring wheats with different field resistance was studied. For the mildew control 1 kg/ha Karathane WD (22.5 % Dinocap) was used. These investigations showed that mildew control increased grain yields in susceptible varieties by 2.4 to 6.6 %. The 1000-grain weight increased by 2.2 to 5.3 %, respectively. On the more field resistant spring wheats mildew control had no particular effect. Mildew control evened out the relative yield differences between the varieties. The paper includes notes on the occurrence of mildew in Finland while the need for resistance breeding is also discussed.

scholarly journals Host-pathogen interaction between spring wheat and Septoria nodorum with reference to resistance breeding

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-66
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Screening Techniques ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Host-pathogen interaction between spring wheat and Septoria nodorum Berk. with applications for wheat breeding were studied. Ultrastructure of interactions was studied using electron microscopic techniques. Following inoculation, conidia of S. nodorum germinate, form appressoria anda penetration peg which directly penetrates through the cell walls. It is suggested that most penetration attempts fail because of cellular defence reactions, formation of papillae and cell wall alterations. Inoculation with low spore concentration reduced grain yield of Hankkija’s Taava cultivar by 10 % and 1000-grain weight by 14 %. Inoculation with high spore concentration on large plots of Tähti cultivar reduced grain yield by 32 % and 1000-grain weight by 18 %. Inoculation with high spore concentration on normal breeding plots of Tähti cultivar reduced grain yield by 35 % and 1000-grain weight by 21 % and the grain yield of Kadett cultivar by 27 % and 1000-grain weight by 20 %. Inheritance studies on F2 progenies of spring wheat crosses involving susceptible and moderately or highly resistant parents suggest that heredity component of symptom expression is moderate level and breeding success depends mainly on efficient screening techniques. Resistance was associated with tallness in crosses, and cultivar trials suggest that resistance is positively associated with late maturation time. Field screening techniques based on small plots and artificial inoculation showed that the most resistant entries were wild Triticum species and late and tall cultivars. Seedling plant tests based on attached seedling leaves and detached leaves revealed easily the most resistant and most susceptible cultivars. The overall correlation between seedling tests and field tests was quite high. The results are discussed in relation to wheat breeding strategies for resistance to S. nodorum.

scholarly journals Yield contributing characters of BRRI dhan49 as influenced by integrated use of banana leaves with inorganic potassium fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Mannan ◽  
Md. Abul Hashem ◽  
Md. Sohanur Rahman ◽  
Fakhar Uddin Talukder ◽  
Md. Kamrujjaman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A field experiment was carried out at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during aman season of 2014 to study the integrated use of banana leaves with inorganic potassium fertilizer on the growth and yield of BRRI dhan49 following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with eight treatments and three replications. The highest plant height (85.55cm), panicle length (21.46cm), number of effective tillers hill-1 (11.54), number of filled grains panicle-1 (149.53), 1000-grain weight (21.85gm), grain yields (5.66 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.81 t ha-1) were obtained in the treatment T3 and the lowest plant height (77.10cm), panicle length (18.85cm), number of effective tillers hill-1 (8.64), number of filled grains panicle-1 (112.11), 1000-grain weight (19.96gm), grain yields (3.50 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.73 t ha-1) were recorded in the control. It can be recommended to integrated use of 50% K from banana leaves+50% K from MoP on growth and yield of BRRI dhan49.   

scholarly journals Sources for the breeding of soft spring wheat in the conditions of Novosibirsk region

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 784-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Piskarev ◽  
E. V. Zuev ◽  
A. N. Brykova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Point System ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The sources were identified among collection samples characterized by highly pronounced economic and valuable features, which allows new geographically remote source material to be taken to the regional breeding practices. This research aims to assess the agronomic traits (duration of the growing period, lodging resistance and plant height, 1000-grain weight, grain weight and yield) in soft spring wheat varieties of different ecological and geographical origin. Estimation was carried out by a 9-point system of expression of the trait during the study, which allows identifying samples with the greatest expression of the trait in the years of study with respect to the average experience. 5439 samples have been studied over 28 years, with 1106 of them, over two years or more. The study was carried out according to the methods of VIR on plots of 2 m2. It was shown that the samples mainly had no correlation between the yield and the duration of the growing period, while the average dependence (г = 0.6) was revealed between the yield and the height of the plants. Varieties forming the intermediate (4.5-5 points) and above average (6-7) yield in a short growing period (69-85 days) were identified (Lutescens 675, Irkut-skaya 49, Simbirca, Hybrid F3 S-141, Hybrid F4, Hybrid F3 S-289 and Hybrid F4 S-2300 and Pamyati Vavenko-va). A high average score (8.6-9) at 1000 grains weight was shown for 16 varieties with variation from 37 g (N43 and IAO-9) to 56 g (Hofed 1). A high average score (8-9) in the evaluation of grain weight was shown for Pamyati Leont'eva, Ekada 70, Simbirtsit, Don Jose, Yong-Liang 4 and Long-Mai 11, which formed ears with an average weight from 0.96 to 2.30 g. A consistently high score (9) reflecting the yield was in the varieties Condestavel, PF 843025, Prilenskaya 19, Pamyati Leont'eva, Omskaya Krasa.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of spring wheat cultivars and breeding lines to Septoria nodorum Berk.

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-332
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen ◽  
Aino Laitinen ◽  
Tapio Juuti
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Screening techniques for detecting the susceptibility of spring wheat cultivars and breeding lines to Septoria nodorum Berk. were studied in trials carried out in southern Finland. Small screening plots were artificially inoculated with the pathogen and subsequent observations showed that the early cultivars Apu, Ulla, Hja 21600 and the late cultivar Tähti were the most susceptible. The rank correlation between field assessments from naturally infected plots and assessment from artificially inoculated small screening plots was moderately high. The correlations between 1000 grain weight and disease severity were negatively significant in some susceptible cultivars, but also in some resistant cultivars A weak positive correlation between 1000 grain weight and disease severity was observed in some resistant and also in some susceptible varieties. Although our results do not show consistent trends we conclude that the use of small screening plots is an effective means of detecting differences in symptom expression among breeding lines and cultivars.

Effects of fungal diseases on linseed (Linum usitatissimum) growth and yield, 1988–1990

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. L. Fitt ◽  
A. W. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Alternaria Linicola ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SUMMARYEffects of diseases on growth and yield of linseed (cv. Antares) were assessed by controlling diseases with fungicide treatments in field experiments at Rothamsted from 1988 to 1990. Fungicide seed treatments decreased the incidence of Alternaria lesions on cotyledons and stem bases of emerging seedlings in 1989 but decreased emergence in 1990. The incidenceof leaf browning, associated with Alternaria spp. and Botrytis cinerea, was less in 1989 and 1990 than in 1988 when the period, in July, between flowering and harvest was wet, but the incidence of powdery mildew was greater in 1989 and 1990 than in 1988. Fungicide spraysdecreased leaf browning in 1988 and powdery mildew in 1990. In 1988 there were more capsules per plant and the crop was taller than in either 1990 or 1989, when July and August were hot withperiods of dry weather. The incidence of plants with dark brown stems, associated with Verticillhun dahliae, was greater in 1989 and 1990 than in 1988, but was not greatly affected byfungicide treatments. The incidence of Alternaria linicola on sepals, capsule cases and seed from capsules sampled before harvest was decreased by fungicide treatments. Other fungi isolated from these tissues included A. alternata, A. infectoria, B. cinerea, Fusarium spp. and V. dahliae. Yields of grain and oil were increased by fungicide treatments in all three years, but the yield increases were greatest in 1988 when fungicide treatments also increased 1000-grain weight. The incidence of fungi on the harvested seed was not greatly affected by fungicide treatments.

INDUCED POLYGENIC VARIATIONS IN RELATION TO GENE ACTION FOR YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN SPRING WHEAT

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Singh ◽  
G. S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Gene action in relation to yield per plant, 1000-grain weight and number of grains per spike was studied in 9 × 9 diallel F1 and F2 populations derived separately from nine elite diverse normal and EMS treated spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.em Thell.). Some additive and all dominance components were significant for the three characters, their relative proportions varied from character to character. Preponderance of additive gene action was revealed for 1000-grain weight, whereas prevalence of nonadditive gene action was noted for grain yield and number of grains per spike. The magnitude of the additive component increased considerably in EMS treated F2 populations for 1000-grain weight and grain yield, whereas the EMS treatment increased the proportion of nonadditive components for number of grains per spike. Breeding plans which may effectively exploit both additive and nonadditive components of variances for evolving superior breeding populations of spring wheat have been suggested.

Effects of CCC on Bread Wheat in Kenya

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Seitzer
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SUMMARYCCC applied to bread wheat, in 1967 and 1968 as a foliar spray at 1·40 and 2·28 kg./ha. a.i., prevented and/or delayed lodging to some extent. However, this effect was small and complete control of lodging seems to be unlikely, even when using large amounts. CCC increased grain yields, by 1·5 to 10·9 qu./ha., depending on the extent to which lodging was reduced. Significant depressions in yield were obtained, presumably owing to an observed increase incidence in ear diseases, particularly Septoria nodorum. The increase in grain yield was due mainly to an increase in 1000 grain weight and grains per ear, whereas the effect on tillers per unit area was slightly negative. Where no lodging occurred, there was a slight but non-significant tendency for increasing grain yields after CCC treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of Septoria nodorum Berk. on yield and yield components of spring wheat

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-344
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen ◽  
Aino Laitinen ◽  
Tapio Juuti
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Data from two experiments was analysed in order to determine the effects of Septoria nodorum Berk. on the yield of spring wheat. In the first experiment the cultivar Hankkija’s Taava was artificially inoculated with low spore concentration suspensions of S. nodorum. The resulting disease reduced grain yield by 10%, 1000-grain weight by 14%, and hectorlitre weight by 5.7 %. An examination of the ears from the main stems revealed that the pathogen induced a reduction in all yield components but especially in grain number/ear and grain weight. In the second experiment a total of 28 cultivars or lines were studied and the correlation between grain yield/ear and disease severity was found to be negative but low. No consistent trend among the correlations was seen and some susceptible cultivars suffered only slightly from the disease while other fairly resistant cultivars showed great losses. The results are discussed in relation to compensatory mechanisms and potential disease tolerance in wheat.

scholarly journals DIVERGENCE ANALYSIS BASED ON YIELD AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS OF A COLLECTION OF SPRING WHEAT GENOTYPES (Triticum aestivum L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
M. S. Rahman ◽  
L. Ali ◽  
A. Sultana ◽  
M. Ruhullah ◽  
M. S. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Genetic diversity among 24 spring wheat genotypes (Varieties/lines) was estimated using Mahalanobis D2-statistics and principal coordinate analysis. The genotypes fell into four clusters of different size.  Of the seven different characters spike length and 1000 grain weight had the highest contribution towards the divergence. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster I and III followed by cluster II and III. So, genotypes from the most divergence clusters could be used as parents in hybridization program and are expected to manifest maximum heterosis as well as broad spectrum of variability.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature and growth density on the development and yield of two- and multi-rowed barley varieties

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-31
Author(s):  
Kirsti Äyräväinen ◽  
Juhani Paatela
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The effects of temperature and plant spacing on growth, on the distribution of biological mass within the plant, and on yield were studied with seven barley varieties at two temperatures, 10°C and 20° C, and two growth densities, 3 and 13 plants per pot. Vegetative development at 20° C was nearly twice as fast as at 10°C. After the plants had entered the reproductive phase, the difference in developmental rate became smaller. Plants grown at the lower temperature produced much higher total biological yields and grain yields than plants grown at the higher temperature. Percentage proportion of leaves was higher and proportion of culms lower at 20° C than at 10°C. Temperature had no significant effect on number of culms and 1000-grain weight. Number of grains per ear was higher at 10°C than at 20° C. Total biological yield per pot and grain yield per pot were larger when the plants were grown in dense populations. More culms and larger yields per individual plant were produced in sparse populations. Growth density did not affect the number of grains per ear. Length of ear and 1000-grain weight were larger in sparse than dense populations. Two-rowed barley varieties gave significantly higher total biological yields and slightly higher grain yields than multi-rowed varieties. There were no differences between the two types of barley in proportions of leaves, culms and roots. As expected, number of culms and 1000-grain weight were higher, and number of grains per ear was lower, in the two-rowed than in the multi-rowed varieties. Among the various yield components, number of culms explained most of the yield. The number of grains per ear explained a smaller proportion, and 1000-grain weight a larger proportion, of the yield of the two-rowed varieties than of that of the multirowed varieties. In both types of barley there was a significant positive correlation between number of culms and 1000-grain weight. The number of grains per ear was not correlated with the number of culms; neither was it correlated with 1000-grain weight. There were differences between the two-row and multi-row types in correlations between culm numbers, leaves and roots. The distribution of biological yield between various plant parts in different phases of development did not affect the grain yield.

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