Improvement of the Thermocouple Method for Testing Energy-Intensive Emulsions for Compatibility with the Sulfide Ores

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
N.I. Akinin ◽  
◽  
A.S. Garmashov ◽  
V.V. Rudomazin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Testing Temperature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spontaneous Ignition ◽  
Sulfide Ores ◽  
Chemical Compatibility ◽  
Emulsion Explosives ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
Sulphide Ores ◽  
Thermocouple Method

The results are presented concerning improving the thermostatic method for studying the chemical compatibility of modern industrial emulsion explosives based on the ammonium nitrate with surrounding materials, the increased reactivity of which can lead to spontaneous ignition and even explosion. An assessment of the compatibility of emulsion explosives with sulphide ores was conducted using an original thermocouple methodology developed at the D. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, fixation of the thermal effects of the interaction of shell-free explosives based on the ammonium nitrate with sulfide minerals. Improved thermocouple method allows to determine chemical compatibility of the industrial explosives with the reactive rocks. It is distinguished by the possibility of continuous recording of the thermocouple measurements during tests using an oscilloscope and combines the reliability of the results with small laboratory weights of the test samples (no more than 20 g, which ensures safety testing). Temperature measurement accuracy is ± 2 °С. It is concluded that the method used is able to identify the cases of the most dangerous interaction from the practice point of view using the emulsion explosives when the pyrite content in the ore exceeds 85 %. The results of experiments on the applicability of thermocouple measurements to testing low-activity rocks, highly reactive pyrite ores, mixed sulfide ores of medium activity, as well as on the identification of the main regularities of heat release during the interaction of emulsion explosives with the sulfide ores are considered.

Thermal Decomposition Conditions of Emulsion Matrix in the Emulsifier

2014 ◽  
Vol 1082 ◽  
pp. 387-390
Author(s):  
Hui Sheng Zhou ◽  
Xing Hua Xie ◽  
Kang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Decomposition Mechanism ◽  
Heat Accumulation ◽  
Emulsion Explosives ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Emulsion Matrix

The main background was the "3.11" accident in this paper. The starting point was based on the experts’ conclusions of investigation and analysis in the accident. Combining the decomposition mechanism of ammonium nitrate in the emulsion explosives and the lessons from the production of emulsion explosives explosion, the conditions of the emulsion explosives (matrix) thermal decomposition in the emulsifier are given that are the formation of hot spot and the accumulation of heat. Then the factors of hot spots generated in the production of emulsion explosives and the occurred conditions of the heat accumulation are analyzed and summarized.

Enlightment of “May 20” Explosion Accident

2014 ◽  
Vol 1082 ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Hua Xie ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Hui Sheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Decomposition Mechanism ◽  
Heat Accumulation ◽  
Emulsion Explosive ◽  
Emulsion Explosives

This paper introduces the "5.20" of the emulsion explosive incident and analysis the cause of the accident. Based on the production of explosion accident summarizes the security problems of emulsion explosive production process, and relevant measures are put forward. Combining the decomposition mechanism of ammonium nitrate in the emulsion explosives and the lessons from the production of emulsion explosives explosion, the conditions of the emulsion explosives (matrix) thermal decomposition in the emulsifier are given that are the formation of hot spot and the accumulation of heat. Then the factors of hot spots generated in the production of emulsion explosives and the occurred conditions of the heat accumulation are analyzed and summarized.

scholarly journals Estimation of Influence of Explosive Characteristics of Emulsion Explosives on Shotpile Width

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Victor Sinitsyn ◽  
Pavel Menshikov ◽  
Vyacheslav Kutuev
Keyword(s):  
Detonation Velocity ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Head Part ◽  
Detonation Pressure ◽  
Emulsion Explosives ◽  
Clastic Rocks ◽  
Total Magnitude ◽  
Efficient Type ◽  
Points Of View

The article deals with the question of the effect of explosive characteristics of emulsion explosives on the shotpile width. Currently, there are two main points of view to select an efficient type of explosive, which contributes to the qualitative destruction (fragmentation) of coarse clastic rocks. The first is based on the assumption that the detonation velocity of explosives must correspond to the break-down point of the rock (dynamic compression). Another point of view is that the detonation pressure of explosives determines only the head part of the pulse, on which the rock fragmentation is dependent only near the charge, in the contact zone around the borehole. The fragmentation of the entire rock volume within a given borehole array depends on the total magnitude of the explosion pulse, determined not by the detonation velocity, but by the total energy reserve of the explosive charge. Experimental explosions with some of the most common industrial explosives have been carried out in the current conditions of blasting of borehole charges by various types of industrial explosives from the point of view to select the most important parameter, which determines its influence on the shotpile width The investigations have been carried out according to the data obtained to establish that the energy properties of explosives (heat of explosive transformation and density of explosives) determine the decisive influence on the shotpile width, and the operability, the volume of the released gases, the detonation velocity for the change in the shotpile width have very little effect and may not be taken into account in calculations for the prediction of the shotpile.

Study on Grinding Kinetics of a Unique Double-Sphere Grinding Media for Cassiterite-Polymetallic Sulphide Ores

2013 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 236-239
Author(s):  
Jin Peng Feng ◽  
Xia Feng ◽  
Shao Jian Ma ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Wei Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfide Ores ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Grinding Media ◽  
Sulphide Ores ◽  
Grinding Kinetics ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Grinding Efficiency ◽  
Kinetics Of

The grinding kinetics are strongly affected by the grinding media size and style, in order to improve the grinding efficiency and solve the over-grinding problem of cassiterite in the process of grinding in cassiterite-polymetallic sulfide ores plant. A unique double-sphere grinding media has been designed and the grinding kinetics of this media with different diameters for grinding products of different size fractions have been investigated in this paper.

Small-Scale Safety Testing of Ammonium Nitrate and Mixtures

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel N. Preston ◽  
Geoffrey W. Brown ◽  
Mary M. Sandstrom ◽  
Colin J. Pollard ◽  
Kirstin F. Warner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Safety Testing

Deflagration to Detonation Transition of Explosives without the Effects of Shock Waves

2014 ◽  
Vol 1082 ◽  
pp. 399-402
Author(s):  
Xing Hua Xie ◽  
Kang Xu ◽  
Hui Sheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Storage Process ◽  
Heat Accumulation ◽  
Emulsion Explosives ◽  
Deflagration To Detonation Transition ◽  
Detonation Transition ◽  
And Storage

Inthis paper, the deflagration to detonation transition in explosives without theeffects of detonators was studied by the analyzing the accident in theproduction and storage process of explosives. Combining the decompositionmechanism of ammonium nitrate in the emulsion explosives and the lessons fromthe production of emulsion explosives explosion, the conditions of the emulsionexplosives (matrix) thermal decomposition in the emulsifier are given that arethe formation of hot spot and the accumulation of heat. Then the factors of hotspots generated in the production of emulsion explosives and the occurredconditions of the heat accumulation are analyzed and summarized.

Emulsion Explosives Containing Catalytic Metal Ion

2014 ◽  
Vol 1082 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Xing Hua Xie ◽  
Kang Xu ◽  
Hui Sheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Aqueous System ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Emulsion Explosives ◽  
Production Safety ◽  
Catalytic Metal ◽  
Explosion Mechanism

Compatibility and safetysystems research and production equipment and technology of explosives betweenitself, the establishment and development of the explosion mechanism ofexplosive accidents and prevent the occurrence of accidental explosion ofexplosives to achieve disaster prevention and reduction, to ensure the safetyof personnel and minimize property damage. Explosives production of metals andalloys commonly used in the device in an aqueous system, the compatibility ofthe ammonium nitrate, especially at higher temperatures and a variety ofelements from the synergy of explosives, etc. to accelerate the reactionconditions, to select a material with good compatibility, the nature of theexplosive increase in production safety, to solve the production of explosivesexplosion problem

Microbial Leaching of Copper from Tailings of Low Grade Sulphide Ores in Zambia

2015 ◽  
Vol 1130 ◽  
pp. 473-476
Author(s):  
Yi Li Liang ◽  
Hua Qun Yin ◽  
Yun Hua Xiao ◽  
Min Tang ◽  
Xue Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sulfide Mineral ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Sulfide Ores ◽  
Sulphide Ores ◽  
The World ◽  
Microbial Leaching ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Copper Ores

Demand for copper is growing in the world,which makes it increasingly necessary to process low-grade ores and tailings that used to be considered as wastes. The development and application of bioleaching by acidophilic chemolithotrophic microorganisms, which obtain energy from the oxidation of sulfide minerals and use carbon dioxide for constructive metabolism, has been a major approach for processing the low-grade copper ores. In this study, mixed culture consisted of six iron and sulfur oxidizing microorganisms were used in leaching of flotation and acid-leaching tailings obtained from Zambia sulfide ores. The result showed that 62.7% and 61.7% copper were dissolved by bioleaching, while 53.8% and 57.4% by acid leaching in flotation and acid leaching tailings, respectively. In addition, mineralogical forms of copper were quite noteworthy since copper sulfide mineral extraction was significantly improved in bioleaching. XRD analysis showed wollastonite and diopside in acid tailing were undetectable after 23 days while others were difficult to be dissolved. No jarosite or sulphur was detected by XRD in residues.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

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