scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Credit Risk Control on the Profitability of Micro-Finance Bank

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Esther Yusuf Enoch ◽  
Abubakar Mahmud Digil ◽  
Usman Abubakar Arabo
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Risk Control ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Credit Management ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Inadequate Information

When assessing lending applications, banks face the problem of inadequate information needed to screen potential borrowers. The relevant information needed to evaluate the commitment of the entrepreneur and the likelihood of the business is challenging to interpret or even absent. This creates risk for the banks. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to give much consideration to credit management first before embarking on lending. In this research, we used both primary and secondary sources. We adopt a multi-stage sampling method by selecting a set of 21 respondents from a population of 52 credit officers. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the respondents while descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data collected and in testing the hypotheses. Specifically, we used simple percentage and regression analysis. We used the software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) to implement the statistical techniques mentioned above. The results showed that microfinance banks need to strengthen their credit risk control measures to increase their profitability. This is because if properly adopted it helps to decrease the percentage of payments defaults. Credit management is important in improving the financial performance of microfinance banks and this is attributed to the fact that sounds and grounded credit management (client appraisal) allowed the bank to be efficient and have the availability of liquidity.

scholarly journals Credit Management Practices and Bank Performance: Evidence from First Bank

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ogunlade Olabamiji ◽  
Oseni Michael
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Risk Control ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Credit Management ◽  
Significant Positive Influence ◽  
Analyze Data

The study examined the influence of credit management practices on financial performance of Nigerian banks with specific reference to First bank Plc. Data was collected using Purposive sampling technique from thirty (30) respondents as a sample size used to collect data from the respondents. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data, such as frequency, percentage, weighted mean score, and multiple regression. The result revealed that credit management practices have a significant positive influence on the financial performance of First bank. The result concluded that client appraisal, credit risk control, and collection policy are major predictors of financial performance of First bank. Subsequently, the study recommended that management of other banks should learn from First bank by enhancing their client appraisal techniques, credit risk control and adopting a more stringent policy to improve their financial performance.

scholarly journals Group Lending and Loans Performance in Micro-Finance Institutions in Nairobi City County, Kenya: Case of Kenya Women Microfinance Bank Limited

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (III) ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
Ali Abdi Abdirashid ◽  
Ambrose O Jagongo
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Risk Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Group Lending ◽  
Appraisal Process ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group Self

The microfinance industry has grown over the years. However, there is a growing concern on the loan default among microfinance institutions in Kenya. This may be a pointer to increased ineffectiveness of the institutions’ various lending programs. This study seeks to examine the relationship between group lending and loans performance in micro-finance institutions in Kenya, with a focus on KWFT. The study specifically sought to: determine the relationship between group self-internal regulations among group members and loans performance in KWFT microfinance; to examine the relationship between credit appraisal process of members and loans performance in KWFT microfinance; to establish the relationship between credit policy on group loans and loans performance in KWFT microfinance; and to assess the relationship between credit risk control measures on the group and loans performance in KWFT microfinance. The study was guided by theory of group lending, Asymmetric Information theory and Portfolio Theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population consisted of approximately 60 respondents in six KWFT branches within Nairobi County. The unit of observation was the credit managers and credit/ loan officers. Since the population was small, a census study was adopted whereby the entire population was considered for the study, thus all the 60 respondents formed the sample size for the study. The study collected primary data though a questionnaire. The developed questionnaire was checked for its validity and reliability through pilot testing. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS software. The descriptive statistics included frequency distribution tables, means, standard deviation and measures of relative frequencies. The inferential statistics entailed a regression analysis which will establish the relationship between variables. The study findings indicate that strong correlation coefficient between loans performance at KWFT and group self-internal regulations, credit appraisal process, credit policy and credit risk control measures and they are all statistically significant. The study concludes that groups financed had put in place mechanisms to ensure that the group members repay loans in time, credit appraisal process employed to inform lending to groups were amount of credit the group qualifies, the ability of the group to repay and the nature of collateral to be imposed, rates charged on the group loans determines the effectiveness of repayment of loans by the members and the period the group is given to repay the loans determines the loan performance. The study recommends that organizations participating on group loans need to ensure that the group are promoting good governance in their leadership and administration, the study recommends that those in charge of loans need to work for stability in the macro-environment to ensure interest rates charged by MFIs remain stable and affordable and the study recommends that micro-finance institutions should put in place a credit risk management team whose mandate will be to establish well defined credit control policy and guidelines.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION PROJECT ON PRODUCTIVITY AND POVERTY AMONG RICE FARMERS IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-400
Author(s):  
O. S. Balogun ◽  
M. A. Damisa ◽  
O. Yusuf ◽  
O. L. Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Transformation ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Late Model

The study was carried out to examine the effect of agricultural transformation on the beneficiary’s productivity and poverty of rice farmers in Kano State Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling method was employed to select 571 respondents for the study. Data were collected through structured questionnaires on respondent’s income, input and output quantities as well as their expenditures. Data were analysis using descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT), Propensity score matching and LATE model. Results from the study shows that respondents productivity revealed a significant difference of about 127 kg/ha in rice productivity between participants and non-participants. Also, the LATE estimates revealed an average treatment effect ATE0 of about 222.98kg/ha. Furthermore, the project had a significant effect N11, 321.4 on the participant’s consumption expenditure than the non-participants N9980.60. Moreover, participants were, able to increase their household total expenditures by N34780 per annum. Fluctuations of input/output prices insect pests and inadequate extension visits were all the major constraints faced by the farmers. It was recommended that farmers’ information and sensitization system should be overhauled and improved. Also, attention should be given to well organize extension visits for the farmers from stake holders

Predictors of puberty-related health behaviors among girl adolescents in Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakhshanderou Sakineh ◽  
Ghaffari Mohtasham ◽  
Ramezankhani Ali ◽  
Gholami Dastenaee Leila
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Face ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

AbstractIntroductionIt is important to recognize the various dimensions of puberty and planning for the education of adolescents and their parents who are on the verge of this course. The present study aimed to investigate predictors of puberty health behavior in adolescent girls.Materials & MethodsThis correlational study was carried out on 280 female students from the eighth and ninth grades of high school who were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was assessed using the face and content validity method (Panel view of the experts) and its reliability was tested by test-retest and internal consistency. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 16 using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression at a significant level less than 0.05.ResultsRegression results with stepwise analysis showed that demographic variables other than the age of students (p = 0.031) had no effect on the adoption of puberty health behaviors, but their students’ knowledge and their attitude were good predictors of behaviors Health is puberty. Among the underlying and psychological variables, was the strongest prediction (Beta = 0.48). Attitude with knowledge and age was 34.9% of variance for explaining puberty health behaviors in adolescents.ConclusionConsidering the power of predictors such as knowledge and attitude, it is possible to develop puberty health behaviors by increasing knowledge of students and providing correct and appropriate information to them and improving attitudes.

scholarly journals Analyzing Predictors of Control Measures and Psychosocial Problems Associated with COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Eight Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Sheikh Saifur Rahman Jony ◽  
Ubydul Haque ◽  
Nathaniel J. Webb ◽  
Emily Spence ◽  
Md. Siddikur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Determinant

COVID-19 has harshly impacted communities globally. This study provides relevant information for creating equitable policy interventions to combat the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to predict the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the COVID-19 pandemic at a global level to determine control measures and psychosocial problems. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to October 2020 using an online questionnaire. Questionnaires were initially distributed to academicians worldwide. These participants distributed the survey among their social, professional, and personal groups. Responses were collected and analyzed from 67 countries, with a sample size of 3031. Finally, based on the number of respondents, eight countries, including Bangladesh, China, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, the United States, and Zambia were rigorously analyzed. Specifically, questionnaire responses related to COVID-19 accessibility, behavior, knowledge, opinion, psychological health, and susceptibility were collected and analyzed. As per our analysis, age groups were found to be a primary determinant of behavior, knowledge, opinion, psychological health, and susceptibility scores. Gender was the second most influential determinant for all metrics except information about COVID-19 accessibility, for which education was the second most important determinant. Respondent profession was the third most important metric for all scores. Our findings suggest that greater encouragement from government health authorities and the promotion of health education and policies are essential in the dissemination of COVID-19-awareness and increased control of the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Primary and secondary organic aerosols in 2016 summer of Beijing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhi Tang ◽  
Zepeng Wu ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Yujue Wang ◽  
Dongjie Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Peking University ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Engine Emission

Abstract. To improve the air quality, Beijing government has employed several air pollution control measures since 2008 Olympics. In order to investigate the organic aerosol sources after the implementation of these measures, ambient fine particulate matters were collected at a regional site Changping (CP) and an urban site Peking University Atmosphere Environment MonitoRing Station (PKUERS) during the Photochemical Smog in China field Campaign in summer of 2016. A chemical mass balance (CMB) modeling and the tracer yield method were used to apportion the primary and secondary organic sources. Our results showed that the particle concentration decreased significantly during the last a few years. The apportioned primary and secondary sources explained 62.8 ± 18.3 % and 80.9 ± 27.2 % of the measured OC at CP and PKUERS, respectively. Vehicular emissions served as the dominant sources. Except gasoline engine emission, the contributions of all the other primary sources decreased. Besides, the anthropogenic SOC, i.e. toluene SOC, also decreased, implying that deducting primary emission can reduce anthropogenic SOA. Different from the SOA from other regions in the world, where biogenic SOA was dominant, anthropogenic SOA was the major contributor to SOA, implying that deducting anthropogenic VOCs emissions is an efficient way to reduce SOA in Beijing. Back trajectory cluster analysis results showed that high mass concentrations of OC were observed when the air mass was from south. However, the contributions of different primary organic sources were similar, suggesting the regional particle pollution. The ozone concentration and temperature correlated well with the SOA concentration. Different correlations between day and night samples suggested the different SOA formation pathways. Significant enhancement of SOA with increasing particle water content and acidity were observed in our study, suggesting the aqueous phase acid-catalyzed reactions may be the important SOA formation mechanism in summer of Beijing.

Survey and Analysis of the Cognition of Urban Residents on the Food Hygiene and Safety in Natural Disasters

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 233-236
Author(s):  
Hai Cheng Hong ◽  
Min Xu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
And Training

Multistage sampling method was used to sort all cities, counties and districts in Jilin area, and stratified random convenience was applied to take the samples. According to the number of people in the pre-experiment and the number of questionnaire topics, 700 residents who had lived in the area more than a year were selected. Urban residents in Jilin area could understand the natural disaster-related knowledge and their attention to it should be higher, but their knowledge and behaviors in food hygiene-related knowledge and behaviors in natural disasters were worrying. It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda and education of food hygiene in natural disasters. TV, radio, newspapers and networks are important sources of relevant information and knowledge for the majority of residents. Different means should be taken in the publicity and training of food hygiene-related knowledge in natural disasters according to their education background.

scholarly journals Ground-based MAX-DOAS observations of tropospheric formaldehyde and comparisons with CAMS model at a rural site near Beijing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Tian ◽  
Pinhua Xie ◽  
Jin Xu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Ang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Vertical Column ◽  
Secondary Sources

Abstract. Formaldehyde (HCHO), a key aerosol precursor, plays a significant role in atmospheric photo-oxidation pathways. In this study, HCHO column densities were measured using Multi-axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instrument at the University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS) in Huairou District, Beijing, which is about 50 km away from the city center, during the period of October 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014, in which the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit was organized on 3 to 12 November. Peak values of HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs) around noon and a good correlation coefficient of 0.87 between HCHO and O3 indicate that the secondary sources of HCHO through photochemical reactions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) dominate HCHO values in the area around UCAS. Dependences of HCHO VCDs on wind fields and backward trajectories were identified and indicated that the HCHO values in the area around UCAS were considerably affected by the transports of pollutants (VOCs) from polluted area in the south. The effects of control measures on HCHO VCDs during the APEC period were evaluated. During the period of APEC conference, the averaged HCHO is 37.95 % and 30.75 % lower than that during the pre-APEC and post-APEC period, respectively. The phenomenon could be attributed to both effects of prevailing northwest wind fields during the APEC and strict control measures. We also compared the MAX-DOAS results with the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) model. The CAMS model and MAX-DOAS results are generally consistent with a good correlation coefficient of ~ 0.83. The peak values are well consistently captured by both data sets, but the low values are systematically underestimated by the CAMS model. The finding indicates the CAMS model can well simulate the effects of transports and the secondary sources of HCHO, but underestimate the local primary sources.

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