scholarly journals A Robust Mechanism for Categorizing Context-Aware Applications into Generations

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Samuel King Opoku
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Information Uncertainty ◽  
Modelling Languages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Software Sensors

The hunt to categorize context-aware applications has been a prevalent issue to developers of context-aware applications. The previous categorizations were based on the functions of the applications. These mechanisms yielded limited results since many applications could not be categorized. This paper categorizes applications into four generations based on developmental trends through a literature survey. The first generation applications focused on data acquisition and used hardware sensors. The second generation applications focused on knowledge acquisition and used software sensors, semantic language and ontology-based modelling languages. The third generation applications focused on intelligent reasoning and used mechanisms to handle information uncertainty. The fourth generation applications deprecate cumbersome ruleset implementations and focus on artificial intelligence whilst taking into consideration the effect of the dynamics of users’ background and preference on contextual information. The study demonstrated that when applications, methods or technologies can be categorized over some time, it is better to classify them into generations.

scholarly journals Parameters of the seasonal cycle of Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) in the plains and foothills of the Northwestern Caucasus

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-128
Author(s):  
В.И. Щуров ◽  
А.С. Замотайлов
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
The Third ◽  
Female Immigrant ◽  
Northwestern Caucasus

Развитие первой генерации Corythucha arcuata в предгорьях и низкогорьях Северо-Западного Кавказа начинается в первых числах мая. При нижнем пороге пост-диапаузного развития имаго +11°С и при естественной длине дня ей требуется не менее 43 суток (аккумуляция 333-404 гр.-дн.). Гибель перезимовавших самок в этой зоне наблюдается к концу июня, совпадая с сокращением общей доли самок до 2-7%. В высокогорьях перезимовавшие имаго расселяются и в июне, доживая до июля на ивах и березах. Пик выхода имаго первого поколения приходится на конец июня. Массовая яйцекладка самками первого поколения (начало второго поколения) предваряется миграцией оплодотворенных самок на новые кормовые растения. Развитие преимагиальных стадий второго поколения (без смены кормовых растений) протекает с середины июня. Метаморфоз длится не менее 16-23 суток (361-430 гр.-дн.). Пик выхода имаго второго поколения в конце июля совпадает с массовым расселением, в котором всегда преобладают самки. Третье поколение развивается в августе. Метаморфоз занимает 19-28 суток (329-350 гр.-дн.). Пик выхода имаго третьего поколения приходится на первую декаду сентября. Его предваряет более ранний выход самцов, определяемый по их локальным и региональным миграциями с конца августа. Четвертое поколение является факультативным и развивается (без смены кормовых растений) с конца августа до третьей декады сентября. Развитие преимагиальных стадий этого поколения занимает не менее 26 суток (378 гр.-дн.). Последняя миграция клопов наблюдается в начале-середине октября. Самки третьего поколения первыми уходят в места зимовки в предгорьях и низкогорьях уже в середине сентября. Здесь, в дубовых лесах, зимуют имаго третьего и четвертого поколений обычно с преобладанием самок. В среднегорьях с ними могут зимовать особи-иммигранты второго поколения, но с преобладанием самцов, сохраняющимся с сентября. Development of the first generation of Corythucha arcuata in the climate of the foothills and lowlands of the Northwest Caucasus starts in the early May. With a natural day length and the threshold for post-diapause imago development of 11 °C, it requires 333-404 degree-days and at least 43 days. The death of the overwintered females in this zone is observed by the end of June, coinciding with the reduction of the total portion of females to 2-7%. In the highlands imagoes are dispersing in June as well, surviving until July on willows and birch trees. Peak of the first-generation imago outcome occurs at the end of June. Migration of fertilized females of the first generation to new forage plants is followed by mass egg laying (i.e. beginning of the second generation). During the formation of large nests in the foothills, the flight of bugs is observed even in treeless highlands. Development of the preadult stages of the second generation (without changing feed plants) takes place starting at mid-June. Metamorphosis requires 361-430 degree-days and takes at least 16-23 days. The peak of the emergence of the second generation imagoes at the end of July coincides with their dispersal, which is also dominated by females. The third generation develops in August. It requires 329-350 degree-days and takes 19-28 days. The peak of the emergence of the G3 imagoes falls on the first third of September. It is preceded by anearlier emergence of males, determined by their mass local and regional migrations since the end of August. The fourth generation is obligated and develops (without changing feed plants) from the end of August to the end of September. It requires at least 378 degree-days and takes at least 26 days. Late nymphs resulting from female immigrant of the third generation (on new trees) give imagoes only by mid-October. The last migration of bugs is observed in early to mid-October. Imagoes of the third and fourth generations with the predominance of females hibernate in the oak forests of the foothills and low-mountain. In the midlands they may be accompanied by the overwintering immigrants of the second generation, with the predominance of males, formed in September.

scholarly journals PERKEMBANGAN TEMA PUISI-PUISI PENYAIR BANGKALAN: KAJIAN SEJARAH SASTRA

ATAVISME ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-180
Author(s):  
Muhri Muhri
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Common Interests

This research aims to classify the Bangkalan poets into generations and trends on the themes of each generation. The underlying theories are those that affect the subdiscipline of literary history, especially the theories within the deconstructive paradigm. Data were obtained through interviews and study of literary work, namely the works of Bangkalan poets. From the analysis, generation of poets of Bangkalan can be divided into four generations based on tradition and common interests as manifested in the organization or forum where those poets gather. The first generation was in the Arts Council of Bangkalan (Dewan Kesenian Bangkalan or DKB), the second generation was raised in the Tera' Bulan Community, the third generation came from the campus theater communities around Bangkalan, and the fourth generation was in Masyarakat Lumpur Community and Bawah Arus Community. Metaphysical and social were dominant themes in the early generation, libidinal love theme was a theme that tended to appear in the second generation, local and lyrical themes tended to emerge in the third and fourth generation.

Four generations of nuclear physicists

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Industrial Societies

TO review the course of nuclear physics over many decades of time in the space of an hour’s talk and yet leave time for predicting its future requires a rather impressionistic technique in the presentation. I have chosen as my time markers the human generations which, as I hope you will see, also mark distinct phases in the development of the subject. Conventionally, a generation spans twenty-five years; hence a hundred years covers four generations. The first generation was that of Rutherford and Bohr, followed in the second generation by Heisenberg, Pauli, Blackett, Fermi and their contemporaries, many of whom are here today. The third generation is represented by the nuclear physicists of my own age and finally the fourth generation are those young physicists, now about 25 years old, on whom the development of this subject will depend in the next twenty-five years. I will try to trace through these generations four main themes each of which, in different ways, affects the future of nuclear physics. Firstly, and most importantly, the progress of the research itself; secondly, the development of the research apparatus; thirdly, the evolution of the organization of the research and lastly, the relationships between nuclear physics and the industrial societies which support it.

scholarly journals Aestivation in apple leafcurling midge (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) parasitoid Platygaster demades Walker (Hymenoptera Platygastridae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.Z. He ◽  
Q. Wang
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Dasineura Mali

This study reports an investigation on the aestivation and overwintering strategies of Platygaster demades an egg parasitoid of apple leafcurling midge (ALCM) Dasineura mali under natural conditions during 2005 2006 The first three generations of ALCM developed into adults during the springautumn of 2005/2006 and the fourth generation overwintered as larvae All first generation P demades emerged in the spring of 2005 About 64 of live individuals of P demades in the second generation and 38 in the third generation entered aestivation as eggs which hatched in mid March and early May 2006 respectively Parasitoid eggs of the fourth generation started to hatch four weeks after the parasitised ALCM larvae entered the soil The aestivated and fourth generation parasitoids overwintered as immature stages and started emerging in late September 2006 The emergence patterns of overwintered parasitoids and ALCM were highly synchronized in the following season

The Brown Mite, Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson (Acarina: Tetranychidae), on Apple in Nova Scotia.: I. Influence of Intratree Distribution on the Selection of Sampling Units. II. Differences in Habits and Seasonal Trends in Orchards With Bivoltine and Trivoltine Populations. III. Distribution of Diapause Eggs. IV. Hatching of Diapause Eggs

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1303-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn Nova Scotia one leaf cluster with an adjoining 1 inch of twig taken from the inside of each of 10 apple trees replicated four times is an adequate sample unit to measure the density of the brown mite.The brown mite has one generation with a partial second in some orchards and one with a partial second and partial third in others. The first generation adults in the bivoltine and trivoltine populations lay summer eggs on the leaves and twigs, and diapause eggs on tin twigs. The second generation adults in the bivoltine populations lay only diapause eggs; in the trivoltine populations they lay both summer and diapause eggs. The adults of the third generation lay only diapause eggs.The brown mite is found on both the leaves and woody parts of the tree. In orchards with bivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80% by mid-July, but thereafter gradually decreased to 10% by the end of August. However, in orchards with trivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80 to 90% by mid-July, remained constant until mid-August, and thereafter decreased to approximately 40% by the end of August.The number of diapause eggs laid by adults of each generation in both the bivoltine and trivoltine populations varies widely. The eggs are deposited on the trunk as well as on the branches, with the heaviest deposition in the central area of the tree. The diapause eggs laid by adults of the first generation are the last to hatch and those laid by the third generation are the first to hatch the following spring.The factors responsible for the differences in the number of generations and in the number of diapause eggs laid are unknown.

scholarly journals Maciej Ziemierski, Testamenty krakowskiej rodziny Królików z XVII w.

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 11-41
Author(s):  
Maciej Ziemierski
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Family Members ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Town ◽  
Distinguished Member

17th century testaments of the Królik family from Krakow The article is dedicated to the Królik family from Krakow, who lived in the town from the late 16th century until the first years of the 18th century. The family members initially worked as tailors, later reinforcing the group of Krakow merchants in the third generation (Maciej Królik). Wojciech Królik – from the fourth generation – was a miner in Olkusz. The text omits the most distinguished member of the family, Wojciech’s oldest brother, the Krakow councillor Mikołaj Królik, whose figure has been covered in a separate work. The work shows the complicated religious relations in the family of non-Catholics, initially highly engaged in the life of the Krakow Congregation, but whose members gradually converted from Evangelism to Catholicism. As a result, Wojciech Królik and his siblings became Catholics. This work is complemented by four testaments of family members, with the first, Jakub Królik’s, being written in 1626 and the last one, Wojciech Królik’s, written in 1691.

scholarly journals Philosophy from the outside in: Rosenzweig’s critical project

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Willi Goetschel
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Martin Buber ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
The Third ◽  
Jewish Thought ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The University ◽  
Critical Intervention ◽  
Hermann Cohen

This paper examines Rosenzweig?s philosophic project in the context of his time as a critical intervention in the discussion of the place of Jewish thought in the university and in society. If Hermann Cohen represented the first generation of Jewish philosophers claiming that participation in the university is constitutive for the institution?s claim to universalism, the second generation-represented by Martin Buber - was more diffident about the university and its openness. For Buber, literary modernism offered what the university would refuse. Disappointed about the failure of the recognition of the efforts of the previous two generations, Rosenzweig represents the third generation. He turns the situation into a creative response anchoring philosophy as a project that calls for a resolute move outside the university.

scholarly journals The Application of Third Generation Semiconductor in Power Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Yuqian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Power Switching ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Great Possibility ◽  
Made In

With the rapid development of technologies, the third generation semiconductor is being studied, as it is leading to the significant change in industry like the manufacture of PC, mobile devices, lighting etc. Till now, due to its irreplaceable physical characteristics, third generation semiconductor is applied to lots of fields. This paper analyzes the application of third generation semiconductor, namely, GaN and SiC. Their characteristics including advantages as well as disadvantages will be discussed through reviewing the result of relevant researches. Meanwhile, comparison between the third generation semiconductors and the second as well as the first generation semiconductors is made in this paper. Through the comparison of physical characteristics, recent marketing, production and limitations, the advantages and disadvantages of each semiconductor is analyzed and the suggestion of how to avoid the disadvantage through application is proposed. At last, the future development is predicted. According to the analysis result of this paper, silicon poses more merits. Silicon is not only cheaper but also performs better making it a preference of GaAs, and GaN in the domain of IC. The second generation semiconductor, GaAs, is widely used in the circuits and photoelectric integration. Furthermore, the third semiconductor material GaN is a promising material for power switching and communication and has the great possibility to play a crucial role in market.

scholarly journals Diapause of Cameraria ohridella Deschka et Dimic and its impact on the species population dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Samek
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Unfavourable Weather ◽  
Population Continuity ◽  
Actual Damage

Cameraria ohridella Deschka et Dimic is a polyvoltine species which can complete under suitable conditions the development of as many as three generations a year. In the Czech Republic, however, the third generation suffers from high mortality due to the shortage of food and later also unfavourable weather. If the third generation is not completed the population continuity is ensured by diapausing pupae occurring in each generation. The number of diapausing pupae is determined by the actual abundance of the species and thus also by the actual damage to the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) foliage. Relationships of the parameters were investigated in the first generation of C. ohridella and their intensity was studied by methods of regression analysis.

Univocality within Multivocality

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Podeh
Keyword(s):  
Jewish History ◽  
Linear Process ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Way

Previous research on the way in which the Arab-Israeli conflict and the image of the Arab have been presented in Jewish history and civics textbooks established that there have been three phases, each typified by its own distinctive textbooks. The shift from the first to the third generation of textbooks saw a gradual improvement in the way the Other has been described, with the elimination of many biases, distortions and omissions. This article explores whether new history textbooks, published from 2000 to 2010, have entrenched or reversed this trend. With the escalation of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict since the early 2000s, one might have expected that the past linear process of improvement would be reversed. However, textbooks written over the last decade do not substantially differ from those written in the 1990s, during the heyday of the peace process. The overall picture is, therefore, that the current textbooks do not constitute a fourth generation.

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