Assessment of Selected Biomass Energy Potential in Afghanistan

Biomass plays a major role in satisfying the energy needs of Afghanistan, especially in the residential sector where fuel demand is primarily met in the form of fuelwood, charcoal, crop residues and animal manure. Till now, enough work has not been undertaken to assess the biomass energy potential in the country to support renewable energy development plans and more sustainable use of biomass resources. This paper is limited to the assessment of biomass energy potential from the following resources: (A) forest fuelwood and charcoal, (B) crop residues (wheat, rice, barley and maize residues) and (C) cattle manure for the years 2012-13 and 2013-14. The study assesses a total biomass energy potential of 97,310 TJ during the period 2012-13 and 99,012 TJ during the period 2013-14. It is observed that only about 52% of the estimated biomass energy potential is being exploited. The estimated energy potential of the selected biomass could contribute up to 69% in the primary energy consumption of Afghanistan (140,966 TJ) during the year 2012-13.

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Solid Biomass Energy Potential as a Development Opportunity for Rural Communities

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14123398 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 3398

Author(s):

Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski ◽

Paweł Dudziec ◽

Michał Krzyżaniak ◽

Ewelina Olba-Zięty

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Development Opportunity ◽

Biomass Resources ◽

Administrative Units ◽

Solid Biomass

Conventional energy sources often do not fully satisfy the needs of a modern economy, especially given the climate changes associated with them. These issues should be addressed by diversification of energy generation, including the development of renewable energy sources (RES). Solid biomass will play a major part in the process in Poland. The function of rural areas, along with a well-developed agricultural and forest economy sector, will be a key aspect in this as these areas are suitable for solid biomass acquisition in various ways. This study aimed to determine the solid biomass energy potential in the commune of Goworowo to illustrate the potential in the smallest administrative units of Poland. This research determined the environmental and natural conditions in the commune, which helped to identify the crucial usable solid biomass resources. The total energy potential of solid biomass resources in the commune of Goworowo amounted to 97,672 GJ y−1. The highest potential was accumulated in straw surplus (37,288 GJ y−1) and the lowest was in wood from roadside maintenance (113 GJ y−1). This study showed that rural areas could soon play a significant role in obtaining solid biomass, and individual communes could become spaces for the diversification of energy feedstock.

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Biogas Technology as an “Engine” for Facilitating Circular Bio-Economy in Denmark—The Case of Lolland & Falster Municipalities Within Region Zealand

Frontiers in Energy Research ◽

10.3389/fenrg.2021.695685 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Rikke Lybæk ◽

Tyge Kjær

Keyword(s):

Crop Residues ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Energy System ◽

Animal Manure ◽

Gas Network ◽

Biomass Resources ◽

Integrated Energy System ◽

Decentralized Energy ◽

Biogas Technology

This article investigates how biogas technology can facilitate the deployment of municipal circular bio-economic solutions within the energy and agrarian sectors in Denmark. The emphasis is on the regional climate policy and the existing biogas technology concepts, within a decentralized energy market located in the Southern part of Zealand. The case analysis will identify how such technology can be utilized as a lever for future “extraction-activities,” as for example protein, wax, and furfural substrates. Within Falster & Lolland Municipalities, it is identified that 800.000 tons of animal manure is readily available for biogas production, just as 880.000 tons and 220.000 tons of unused beet tops and residual cereal straw could be feed to biogas facilities as for example co-silage materials. With a potential gas yield of approximately 897.000 MWh, composed by the crop residues alone, the challenge is how to utilize such resources the most efficient when addressing future needs for bio-products and high value materials and energy. Through the lens of Circular Bio-Economy this article addresses three themes, by which biogas technology can become an “engine” for future bioenergy solutions, where cascading activities and use of side-streams are developed: 1) production of biogas by means of local agricultural residues (beet tops, residual straw, and animal manure), combined with 2) “extraction-activities” as furfural and wax from straw, as well as protein from beet tops. Besides this 3) opportunities for upgrading the biogas and distributing it on a natural gas network, hereby enlarging the supply market for energy services from the biogas plant and facilitating the development of a more “integrated energy system,” currently being promoted by the European Commission. This article concludes on a step-by-step approach to utilize biomass residues more efficiently in light of the CBE concept and cascading approach, and the available biomass resources within the specific case area addressed.

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Biomass Potential from Agricultural Waste for Energetic Utilization in Greece

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12061095 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1095 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Spyridon Alatzas ◽

Konstantinos Moustakas ◽

Dimitrios Malamis ◽

Stergios Vakalis

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Waste ◽

Combined Heat And Power ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Small Scale ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Annual Basis ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Biomass Resources ◽

Gasification Technology

The alignment of the Greek national legislation with the corresponding EU legislation has enhanced the national efforts to pursue renewable Combined Heat and Power (CHP) projects. The scope of the present study has been the identification of the available biomass resources and the assessment of their potential. In this paper, we present the results from the administrative regions of Crete, Thessaly, and Peloponnese. The levels of lignocellulosic biomass in Greece are estimated to be 2,132,286 tonnes on an annual basis, values that are very close to the cases of other Mediterranean countries like Italy and Portugal. In respect to the total agricultural residues, Crete produces 1,959,124 tonnes/year and Thessaly produces 1,759,457 tonnes/year. The most significant streams are identified to be olive pits, olive pruning, and cotton ginning remnants, with more than 100,000 tonnes/year each. In the latter part of this manuscript, a case study is presented for the development of a CHP gasification facility in Messenia. The biomass energy potential of the area is very promising, with about 3,800,000 GJ/year. The proposed small-scale gasification technology is expected to utilize 7956 tonnes of biomass per year and to produce 6630 MWh of electricity and 8580 MWh of thermal energy.

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Biomass Sources and Energy Potential for Energy Sector in Myanmar: An Outlook

Resources ◽

10.3390/resources8020102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 102 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maw Maw Tun ◽

Dagmar Juchelková

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Total Energy ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sector ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Total Energy Consumption ◽

Biomass Resources

Nowadays, renewable energy utilization plays a key role in developing countries to fulfill the additional energy requirements of a country and reduce dependency on fossil fuels and traditional biomass consumption. As Myanmar has an agriculture-based economy and 48% of forest-cover (32.2 million hectares); biomass is one of the major renewable energy sources, contributing around 50% of total energy consumption. Therefore, the study aimed to highlight the available biomass sources and energy potential for the energy sector in Myanmar. In order to achieve the aim, the study collated the types, quantity and qualities of biomass resources, and energy utilization around Myanmar. Besides, the study synthesized and evaluated the energy potential of the major biomass resources coming from the agriculture sector, forest sector, livestock and poultry sector, and municipal sector. It was estimated that the total energy potential of the major biomass sources amounted to approximately 15.19 million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe) in 2005 and 17.29 Mtoe in 2017, respectively. The unexploited biomass energy potential around the country was estimated to be nearly 50% higher than that of the projected biomass energy utilization during 2015–2019. Finally, the study concluded with recommendations to provide the future sustainable development of biomass energy in Myanmar.

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Review State of Biomass Energy in Iran

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.885 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 463-464 ◽

pp. 885-889 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Asadi ◽

Mahdi Moharrampour ◽

Heidar Abdollahian

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Solid Wastes ◽

Energy Needs ◽

Animal Wastes ◽

Biomass Resources ◽

Review State ◽

Biomass Power Plant ◽

New Jobs

The presence of biomass resources and benefiting from such energy producing sources in every country supply a part of country’s energy needs, reduce its environmental effects and cause creation of new jobs. In this regard this paper presents the state of biomass energy in Iran. Results of this study shows that the major biomass resources in Iran are agricultural solid wastes (%59), animal wastes (%28), corrupting waste materials (%11) and civil and industrial waste waters (%2). According to statistical data, the potential biomass energy in Iran is equal to 15 million ton of crude oil which will be estimated about %13 of annual Iranian crude oil sale. The project of survey the potential and feasibility of energy obtaining out of burring solid wastes of Mashhad and Shiraz are executive activities of biomass in Iran and also survey the potential and feasibility of energy obtaining out of burring solid wastes of other cities of Iran and installation of biomass power plant are future activities of biomass in Iran.

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A comprehensive review of biomass resources and biofuel production in Nigeria: potential and prospects

Reviews on Environmental Health ◽

10.1515/reveh-2015-0015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Adewale Allen Sokan-Adeaga ◽

Godson R.E.E. Ana

Keyword(s):

Crop Residues ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Global Dimension ◽

Energy Crops ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Environmental Crisis ◽

Agricultural Crop ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Biomass Resources ◽

The Government

AbstractThe quest for biofuels in Nigeria, no doubt, represents a legitimate ambition. This is so because the focus on biofuel production has assumed a global dimension, and the benefits that may accrue from such effort may turn out to be enormous if the preconditions are adequately satisfied. As a member of the global community, it has become exigent for Nigeria to explore other potential means of bettering her already impoverished economy. Biomass is the major energy source in Nigeria, contributing about 78% of Nigeria’s primary energy supply. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the potential of biomass resources and biofuel production in Nigeria is given. The study adopted a desk review of existing literatures on major energy crops produced in Nigeria. A brief description of the current biofuel developmental activities in the country is also given. A variety of biomass resources exist in the country in large quantities with opportunities for expansion. Biomass resources considered include agricultural crops, agricultural crop residues, forestry resources, municipal solid waste, and animal waste. However, the prospects of achieving this giant stride appear not to be feasible in Nigeria. Although the focus on biofuel production may be a worthwhile endeavor in view of Nigeria’s development woes, the paper argues that because Nigeria is yet to adequately satisfy the preconditions for such program, the effort may be designed to fail after all. To avoid this, the government must address key areas of concern such as food insecurity, environmental crisis, and blatant corruption in all quarters. It is concluded that given the large availability of biomass resources in Nigeria, there is immense potential for biofuel production from these biomass resources. With the very high potential for biofuel production, the governments as well as private investors are therefore encouraged to take practical steps toward investing in agriculture for the production of energy crops and the establishment of biofuel-processing plants in Nigeria.

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An Assessment of Potential Resources for Biomass Energy in Nigeria

Resources ◽

10.3390/resources9080092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 92 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Simeon Olatayo Jekayinfa ◽

Joseph Ifeolu Orisaleye ◽

Ralf Pecenka

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Agricultural Residues ◽

Energy Crops ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Forest Residues ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Marginal Lands ◽

Animal Wastes ◽

Biomass Resources

Nigeria is a developing country with an insufficient supply of energy to meet the continuously growing demand. However, there are several biomass resources available within the country. This paper presents a desk review, which investigates the potential resources for biomass energy generation within the country. Energy policies to aid biomass use as an energy source within the country were also reviewed. Biomass resources identified within Nigeria include forest residues, agricultural residues, human and animal wastes, aquatic biomass, and energy crops. However, several of the resources, particularly agricultural residues, have competing uses, such as livestock feed and soil rejuvenation. An estimation of the technical energy potential of the biomass resources revealed that about 2.33 EJ could be generated from the available resources in Nigeria. Agricultural residues have an energy potential of about 1.09 EJ, with cassava, maize, oil palm, plantain, rice, and sorghum being the major contributors. Animal wastes, municipal solid waste, and forest residues have energy potentials of 0.65, 0.11, and 0.05 EJ, respectively. The potentials of wood fuel and charcoal are 0.38 and 0.05 EJ, respectively. The study found that despite the available potential and existing policies, not much has been done in the implementation of large-scale bioenergy within the country. However, there has been laboratory and research-scale investigations. The review suggests that more policies and stronger enforcement will aid bioenergy development within the country. From the review, it has been suggested that the agricultural sector needs to be developed to generate more biomass resources. More research, development, and implementation have to be carried out on biomass resources and bioenergy generation processes. The production of non-edible energy crops in marginal lands should also be considered prime to the development of bioenergy within the country.

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Cooking Energy Conservation by Using Improved Stove: a Case Study on Thaipara Village of Magura Bangladesh

Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources ◽

10.3329/jesnr.v12i1-2.51980 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1-2) ◽

pp. 21-27

Author(s):

GK Biswas ◽

MMM Hoque ◽

MH Kabir ◽

M Rehnuma

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Conservation ◽

Crop Residues ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Rural Poverty ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Fuel Wood ◽

Cooking Energy

The study was conducted to investigate the energy efficiency of traditional and improved cooking stove, potential energy conservation using improved stove and overall environmental impacts of those stoves at Thaipara of Magura district in Bangladesh. In the study area, almost 100% of the households use biomass as their cooking fuel in traditional stoves. Questionnaire Survey (QS) was conducted to fulfill the research objectives. The result of the study showed that total biomass energy consumption is 14897 GJ per year, whereas, the per capita cooking energy consumption is about 4.82 GJ per year. The results also revealed that biomass: fuel wood, dung and crop residues are the 100% sources of the total energy used in the cooking sectors. The combination of high demand aggravated by low use efficiency has contributed to deforestation, rural poverty and the energy shortage in the study village. Results of the study stated that by introducing improved stove with higher level of efficiency, well ventilation and using good quality of fuel can reduce the harmful impacts of cooking energy utilization and cooking systems on environment significantly. In this regard, formulation and implementation of a nationwide high efficiency cooking stove dissemination program would be very promising for cooking energy conservation at rural sectors. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 21-27, 2019

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The Development Strategies and Technology Roadmap of Bioenergy for a Typical Region: A Case Study in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in China

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13040844 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 844

Author(s):

Xin Zhang ◽

Yun-Ze Li ◽

Ao-Bing Wang ◽

Li-Jun Gao ◽

Hui-Juan Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Use ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Livestock Manure ◽

Municipal Solid Wastes ◽

Technology Roadmap ◽

Biomass Resources ◽

Data Estimation

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has abundant biomass resources, which are difficult to collect and thus are underutilized. However, the potential estimation of biomass energy can result in a comprehensive understanding of bioenergy resources in order to establish a technology roadmap for the region’s bioenergy development. Therefore, it is essential to estimate the potential of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei biomass resources and bioenergy utilization. In this paper, the amount of main biomass resources for possible energy use and bioenergy utilization are calculated based on a statistical data estimation method for crop residues; human, poultry, and livestock manure; and municipal solid wastes. On the basis of biomass resources and bioenergy utilization potential, the technology roadmap is established. The results show that the amount for available biomass energy use is unevenly distributed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the largest amount of resources is crop residues (36.52 million tons or 18.26 million tons coal equivalent). The biogas from human, poultry, and livestock manure and densified solids from crop residue technology roadmap is suitable for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

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Potential of Bioenergy in Rural Ghana

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13010381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 381

Author(s):

Nii Nelson ◽

Jo Darkwa ◽

John Calautit ◽

Mark Worall ◽

Robert Mokaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Crop Production ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Agricultural Crop ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Rural Ghana ◽

High Heating Value ◽

Biomass Resources ◽

Generation Capacity ◽

Cocoa Pod Husks

Crop residues are common in rural Ghana due to the predominant role agriculture plays in livelihood activities in these communities. In this paper we investigate the prospects of exploiting agricultural crop residues for rural development in Ghana through bioenergy schemes. A theoretical energy potential of 623.84 PJ per year, which is equivalent to 19,781 MW was estimated using crop production data from the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and residue-to-product ratios. Ghana has a total installed generation capacity of 4577 MW which is four times less the energy potential of crop residues in the country. Cocoa pod husks were identified as important biomass resources for energy generation as they are currently wasted. To further assess the energy potential of cocoa pod husks, different cocoa pod husks samples were collected across the six cocoa growing regions in Ghana and thermo-chemically characterised using proximate and ultimate analysis. The low levels of nitrogen and sulphur observed, together with the high heating value, suggest that cocoa pod husks and for that matter crop residues are eco-friendly feedstock that can be used to power rural communities in Ghana.

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