scholarly journals Atypical Chest Pain and Hypertension in a Young Woman

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Faisal Ozair
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cushing Syndrome ◽  
Secondary Hypertension ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Renovascular Disease ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Atypical Chest Pain ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Global Population

Hypertension among young people is fairly common, affecting one quarter of the global population and 1 in 8 adults aged between 20 and 40 years. It is one of the main modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Since many forms of secondary hypertension led to “treatment-resistant” hypertension, it is important to determine the likely causes and this evaluation partly depends on the degree of difficulty in controlling blood pressure. It is recommended that clinicians should look for the clinical clues that suggest secondary hypertension as it is too expensive and time consuming to perform a complete evaluation for secondary hypertension in every hypertensive patient. The most common causes of secondary hypertension among young adults are hypothyroidism (1.9%), renovascular disease (1.7%), renal insufficiency (1.5%), primary hyperaldosteronism (1.2%), Cushing syndrome (0.5%), and pheochromocytoma (<0.3%).

Reducing the Risk of Dementia

2018 ◽  
pp. 233-244
Author(s):  
Joanne Rodda
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Impact

This chapter looks at the impact of health and lifestyle factors on the risk of developing dementia in later life. It provides a brief overview of dementia and its most common causes, and an explanation of the degree to which genetics play a role. It reviews the available evidence regarding the extent to which potentially modifiable risk factors including smoking, obesity, physical activity, cognitive activity, diet, alcohol, depression, and diabetes may contribute to a likelihood of developing dementia in later life. Both general dietary patterns and the evidence related to vitamin B12, folate, antioxidants, and omega 3 fatty acids are reviewed. Possible approaches to the conversion of this knowledge into a reduction in the prevalence of dementia in the future are discussed. It is written for anyone with an interest in dementia and potential opportunities to mitigate the impact on individuals and society.

Hypertension in Childhood and Adolescence

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Flavia F. Jung ◽  
Julie R. Ingelfinger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Secondary Hypertension ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Renovascular Disease ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Acute Hypertension ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Elevated Pressures ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Common Causes

Hypertension The prevalence of hypertension in childhood is low (1% to 3%), and the majority of affected children have only mild elevations of blood pressure (BP), which are thought to be early manifestations of primary hypertension. A minority of hypertensive children (about 10%) have more marked elevations in BP, and these individuals often have secondary hypertension. Of those children who have a definable cause for their hypertension, 80% to 90% have renal or renovascular disease as an underlying cause. Therefore, the strategy for evaluating a child for secondary causes of hypertension generally is aimed at finding renal or renovascular disease as well as less common causes. The major conditions associated with sustained hypertension are listed in Table 1; causes of acute hypertension are listed in Table 2. Measuring Blood Pressure A number of children who do not actually have hypertension exhibit "high" BP upon the initial examination. Many of these children are large for their chronologic age, and usually their BP has been measured with an inappropriately small cuff. Falsely elevated pressures may be obtained with a cuff that is too small, but falsely positive low BP is rare, even if the cuff is too large. When used on an upper extremity, the BP cuff should cover at least two thirds of the upper arm; the internal bladder should encircle at least 80% of the arm circumference to avoid inaccurately high readings.

Predicting attrition in long-term residential substance use disorder treatment: A modifiable risk factors perspective.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-482
Author(s):  
Danielle E. Baker ◽  
Keith A. Edmonds ◽  
Maegan L. Calvert ◽  
Sarah M. Sanders ◽  
Ana J. Bridges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use Disorder Treatment ◽  
Disorder Treatment

Controlling Hypertension and Stroke Prevention – From Guideline to Clinical Practice

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Anding Xu ◽  
Zefeng Tan ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events

Hypertension is the most important of the prevalent and modifiable risk factors for stroke. Based on evidence, blood pressure (BP) lowering is recommended in guidelines for the prevention of stroke. However, there are still some uncertainties in the guidelines for controlling BP and preventing stroke in patients with previous cerebrovascular events, such as the goal BP, who to treat and which class of BP-lowering drugs to use. This article discusses these questions by reviewing guidelines and corresponding clinical trials, with the aim of reducing the gap between guidelines and clinical practice.

Risk factors associated with treatment-resistant schizophrenia in first-episode psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol Ano 7 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz de Oliveira Assis ◽  
Jayse Gimenez Pereira Brandão ◽  
Pedro Otávio Piva Espósito ◽  
Osmar Tessari Junior ◽  
Bruno Berlucci Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Negative Syndrome

Objetivo: Ainda não está claro quais são os fatores de risco para a esquizofrenia resistente ao tratamento (ERT) em primeiro episódio psicótico (PEP). O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar indicadores de risco para ERT em PEP. Métodos: Foram selecionados 53 pacientes em primeiro episódio psicótico, com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, que deram entrada à enfermaria de psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas Luzia de Pinho Melo entre 2011 e 2015. Ao ser admitido na enfermaria, o paciente era avaliado com a Escala de Sintomas para as Síndromes Positiva e Negativa (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale – PANSS) e recebia tratamento inicial por 4 semanas. Caso sua resposta fosse inferior a 40% de redução na PANSS, o antipsicótico era trocado, e as escalas eram aplicadas novamente após mais 4 semanas. Após a falha com dois antipsicóticos, em doses plenas, por 4 semanas cada, a clozapina era introduzida, e o paciente era considerado ERT. Uma regressão logística foi aplicada onde sexo, idade de início, tempo de doença não tratada, uso de substâncias, avaliação global do funcionamento inicial e PANSS inicial total foram inseridos como variáveis independentes, e ERT foi inserida como variável dependente. Resultados: Tempo de doença não tratada apresentou significância de p = 0,038 e Exp (B) = 4,29, enquanto que PANSS total apresentou p = 0,012 e Exp (B) = 1,06. Conclusão: Identificar os fatores associados à resistência precoce ao tratamento poderia permitir aos clínicos evitar o atraso na introdução da clozapina e prevenir um pior prognóstico para esses pacientes.

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