scholarly journals Epidemiology and Vaccine Efficacy of Delta Variant

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
Hassan Naji
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Transmission Of Disease

Several variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged after its first outbreak in 2020. These VOCs possess mutations in the spike protein that confers enhanced rate of infection and transmission of these VOCs. Among these VOCs, the delta/B.1.617.2 variant was identified in late 2020 in India and soon spread to several countries around the globe. Currently, it is the most widely sequenced variant among new infected individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This variant is also found to be associated with COVID-19 infection in vaccinated individuals, but the severity of disease and rate of hospitalization are low among these individuals as compared to unvaccinated individuals. With the emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 due to continuous mutations, it is suggested that vaccination plays a significant role in preventing the transmission of disease and disease severity.

scholarly journals Emergence of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Escape Variants in an Immunocompromised Host Undergoing Convalescent Plasma Treatment

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Michael C. Zody ◽  
Clara Di Germanio ◽  
Rachel Martinelli ◽  
Jose R. Mediavilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
The World

Over a year of the COVID-19 pandemic, distinct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineages have arisen in multiple geographic areas around the world. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), i.e., B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta), P.1 (gamma), and B.1.617.2 (delta), harboring mutations and/or deletions in spike protein N-terminal domain (NTD) or receptor-binding domain (RBD) regions showed evidence of increased transmissibility and disease severity and possible reduced vaccine efficacy.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 variants: A double-edged sword?

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110141
Author(s):  
Manasi P Jogalekar ◽  
Anurag Veerabathini ◽  
Prakash Gangadaran
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Local Strains ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Main Target

Since the worldwide emergence of the COVID-19 outbreak, there have been international concerns about the possible viral evolution into variants with underlying mutations that may contribute to their increased transmissibility, disease severity, risk of death, and their potential escape from the immune response or may even lead to its extinction. Rigorous surveillance has revealed the variants harboring mutations in the spike protein, the main target of neutralizing antibodies generated through vaccination or herd immunity. In this review, we have highlighted major SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as other local strains along with their specific mutations, suspected changes in their characteristics, and their impact on the current pandemic and vaccine efficacy. We have also emphasized the need to develop widely protective interventions to curb further transmission of variants.

scholarly journals Continuous Lighting Reduces Conidial Production and Germinability in the Rose Powdery Mildew Pathosystem

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Suthaparan ◽  
Arne Stensvand ◽  
S. Torre ◽  
Maria L. Herrero ◽  
R. I. Pettersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
The Rose

The effect of day length on production and germinability of conidia and severity of disease caused by Podosphaera pannosa, the causal agent of rose powdery mildew, was studied. Whole potted plants or detached leaves of Rosa interspecific hybrid ‘Mistral’ were inoculated with P. pannosa and exposed to 0, 12, 18, 20, 22, or 24 h of artificial light per day in growth chambers equipped with mercury lamps. Increasing duration of illumination from 18 to 20 to 24 h per day reduced production of conidia by 22 to 62%. Exposure to 24 h of illumination per day also strongly reduced disease severity compared with 18 h. Our results suggest that increasing day lengths from 18 h per day to 20 to 24 h may suppress the disease significantly and, thereby, reduce the need for fungicide applications against powdery mildew.

scholarly journals Assessing the Correlation Between Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life Questionnaires (ABQOL, TABQOL, DLQI) and Disease Severity Indices in Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Cao ◽  
Lulu Sun ◽  
Zhongxiang Shi ◽  
Baoqi Yang ◽  
Furen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Bullous Pemphigoid ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Disease Area ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Bullous Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Bullous Disease

Abstract Background: Pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid (BP) are autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBDs) that affect the skin and mucous membranes, and adversely impact quality of life (QOL). Few studies have assessed the correlation between the severity of disease and QOL in patients with pemphigus and BP. Objectives: To identify the correlation between the severity of AIBDs and QOL using the Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life (ABQOL), Treatment Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life (TABQOL), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaires in Chinese patients with pemphigus and BP at baseline, and after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment. Methods: Pemphigus and BP patients were invited to complete the ABQOL, TABQOL, and DLQI questionnaires. We measured the pemphigus disease area index (PDAI), autoimmune bullous skin disorder intensity score (ABSIS), and antibodies of desmoglein1,desmoglein3 (DSG1/DSG3) for pemphigus; and the bullous pemphigoid disease area index (BPDAI), ABSIS, and antibodies of BP180/ BP230 for BP as disease severity indices. The correlations between the severity of disease and QOL were analyzed by Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r). Results: Eighty-five patients were included: 55 with pemphigus and 30 with BP. The pemphigus subtypes included pemphigus vulgaris (PV, n = 32), pemphigus foliaceus (PF, n = 22), and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP, n = 1). We found significantly strong correlations between QOL (ABQOL, TABQOL, DLQI) and severity of disease (PDAI/BPDAI, ABSIS) with (r = 0.87, 0.77, 0.83; r = 0.86, 0.73, 0.80) for pemphigus and BP, respectively. Mild or strong correlations were also observed between QOL and antibody titers in pemphigus with DSG1/DSG3(r=0.32/0.36) and BP with BP180/BP230( r = 0.73/0.17) respectively. Conclusion: The QOL of patients with pemphigus and BP decreased with increased severity of the AIBDs. As the disease severity descended, so the QOL improved. The QOL indices should be used in clinical trials and to manage patients’ treatment, especially during the active disease stage, despite the mild correlation observed after 1 month of treatment.The PDAI to be better at assessing disease severity than the ABSIS in patients with pemphigus, and ABSIS are better than BPDAI in BP patients for correlation with the QOL indices.

scholarly journals Decreased Serum Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) in Individuals with Depression Correlates with Severity of Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. BMI.S5183 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth Factor ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Clinically Depressed ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Predictive Strength ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth

Aim To assess serum Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) levels in individuals with depression and to test the hypothesis that there is a relationship between severity of depression and HGF concentration. Subjects and methods Serum from 26 clinically depressed individuals and 19 controls were tested for serum HGF using ELISAs. Correlation was established between HGF concentration and disease severity. Results Depressed individuals had significantly lower serum levels of HGF compared to controls ( P < 0.0001). HGF concentration correlated with overall depressive behavior ( P = 0.03) and specifically depression ( P = 0.02), but not anxiety ( P = 0.36). Discussion These results suggest an association between HGF serum levels and clinically depressed individuals and demonstrate a correlation between severity of depression and HGF levels. Further studies of the predictive strength of HGF as a biomarker for depression may be warranted.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Severity and Comorbidities in Diabetic Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Samimagham ◽  
Mehdi Hassani Azad ◽  
Mohsen Arabi ◽  
Dariush Hooshyar ◽  
Abbas Sheikhtaheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Severe Group

Background: This study aimed to investigate the demographic factors, comorbidities, and laboratory results of diabetic patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 171 diabetic patients with COVID-19 admitted based on chest CT scan findings to the COVID-19 ward of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Hormozgan, Iran from 1 March to 1 June, 2020. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test was performed, and the patients were divided into three groups (mild, moderate, and severe) based on the severity of disease. Then we investigated the demographic factors, comorbidities, and laboratory results of diabetic patients with severe COVID-19 severity. Results: Regarding comorbidities, there was no significant difference between the three groups. Moreover, there was a significantly lower lymphocyte count in the severe group compared to moderate and mild groups (P = 0.001). We showed the increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine to be significantly associated with increased disease severity (P = 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively). We also showed a significant difference in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels between different groups of patients (P = 0.002) with a higher level of AST in the severe group (P = 0.020). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and troponin were also significantly associated with an increase in COVID-19 severity in patients with diabetes (P = 0.013 and P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: There was a significant association between disease severity and BUN, creatinine, AST, LDH, and troponin levels in diabetic patients with COVID-19. There was no significant association between different groups regarding severity of disease and comorbidities.

scholarly journals D Dimer – Prognostic indicator for disease severity in patients hospitalised with COVID 19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-464
Author(s):  
Vineet Banga ◽  
Stuti Jain
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Severity Levels ◽  
D Dimer

Patients of Covid 19 infections present with different severity. Levels of D Dimer in these patients can be correlated with disease severity for management and prognosis. To evaluate the usefulness of D-Dimer levels in blood to correlate with disease severity in COVID 19 patients. Retrospective study was done in Department of Pathology of Secondary Care hospital that became designated covid hospital from May 2021 to June 2021 on 60 COVID 19 positive admitted patients. D dimer levels were analysed and correlated with clinical severity of disease. Out of total 60 patients, 33 were in mild, 23 in moderate and 4 were in severe category. In mild cases D Dimer varies from 43 ng/ml to 183 ng/ml. In moderate cases D Dimer varies from 270 ng/ml to 991 ng/ml. In severe cases D Dimer varies from 1043 ng/ml to 2463 ng/ml. The study suggests cut off levels for D Dimer as up to 200 ng/ml for mild, 200-1000 ng/ml for moderate and more than 1000 ng/ml for severe category in COVID 19 patients. D dimer helps in identifying severe disease and can be used as an essential biomarker in developing the management protocol for COVID 19 patients.

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