scholarly journals The Matuyama—Brunhes boundary in the loess-palaeosol sequence of Dolynske, southern Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
V. G. Bakhmutov ◽  
D. V. Hlavatskyi ◽  
Y. M. Veklych ◽  
V. V. Shpyra ◽  
V. I. Yakukhno
Keyword(s):  
Loess Soil ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
East European ◽  
River Danube ◽  
Brunhes Chron ◽  
Southern Ukraine ◽  
Soil Unit

We present the results of a palaeomagnetic study of the Early—Middle Pleistocene deposits exposed on the left bank of the River Danube at Dolynske, southern Ukraine. A thick succession of water-lain facies is succeeded by stratigraphically complete loess-palaeosol sequence; these constitute a unique palaeoclimate archive in the southern margin of the East European loess province. The Matuyama—Brunhes boundary (MBB) has been detected at the bottom of the Lower Shyrokyne (S7S3) subunit and not in the Martonosha (S6) unit as previously thought. New data align with previous results from the Roksolany and Vyazivok sections, where the MBB was determined at the same stratigraphical level in the S7S3 soil. In contrast to terrestrial Pleistocene records in China and сentral Europe, where the MBB was regularly determined in a loess layer (representing a cold period), the MBB in the Ukrainian subaerial succession is located in the soil unit (representing a warm period). Furthermore, eight, and not seven, glacial-interglacial cycles are recorded in the Brunhes chron. This may indicate the stratigraphic completeness of the loess-soil succession of Ukraine, which can be compared with the reference global marine and terrestrial palaeoclimatic archives. Further palaeomagnetic studies of loess-palaeosol sequences of other regions of Ukraine will allow revision and correlation of still inconsistent stratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic schemes of the Pleistocene deposits.

scholarly journals Climate Variability in Central Europe during the Last 2500 Years Reconstructed from Four High-Resolution Multi-Proxy Speleothem Records

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Sarah Waltgenbach ◽  
Dana F. C. Riechelmann ◽  
Christoph Spötl ◽  
Klaus P. Jochum ◽  
Jens Fohlmeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Medieval Warm Period ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Cave System ◽  
Dark Ages

The Late Holocene was characterized by several centennial-scale climate oscillations including the Roman Warm Period, the Dark Ages Cold Period, the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age. The detection and investigation of such climate anomalies requires paleoclimate archives with an accurate chronology as well as a high temporal resolution. Here, we present 230Th/U-dated high-resolution multi-proxy records (δ13C, δ18O and trace elements) for the last 2500 years of four speleothems from Bunker Cave and the Herbstlabyrinth cave system in Germany. The multi-proxy data of all four speleothems show evidence of two warm and two cold phases during the last 2500 years, which coincide with the Roman Warm Period and the Medieval Warm Period, as well as the Dark Ages Cold Period and the Little Ice Age, respectively. During these four cold and warm periods, the δ18O and δ13C records of all four speleothems and the Mg concentration of the speleothems Bu4 (Bunker Cave) and TV1 (Herbstlabyrinth cave system) show common features and are thus interpreted to be related to past climate variability. Comparison with other paleoclimate records suggests a strong influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation at the two caves sites, which is reflected by warm and humid conditions during the Roman Warm Period and the Medieval Warm Period, and cold and dry climate during the Dark Ages Cold period and the Little Ice Age. The Mg records of speleothems Bu1 (Bunker Cave) and NG01 (Herbstlabyrinth) as well as the inconsistent patterns of Sr, Ba and P suggests that the processes controlling the abundance of these trace elements are dominated by site-specific effects rather than being related to supra-regional climate variability.

scholarly journals Storm Driven Seasonal Variation in the Thermal Response of the Streambed Water of a Low-Gradient Stream

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2498
Author(s):  
Erasmus K. Oware ◽  
Eric W. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

Storm events strongly influence water temperatures in the saturated substrate underlying stream channels, or the hyporheic zone (HZ). The goal of this study was to evaluate the impacts of storm events on thermal transport in the HZ. A year of temperature data were collected from six (6) multi-level samplers at multiple depths (30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm and 150 cm) and were categorized into seasonal storm events. Analysis of the HZ temperature profiles revealed a seasonal reversal in the post-storm temperature change (ΔT) in the substrate. Increases in the ΔT were observed in the warm period (summer), whereas decreases occurred during the cold period (winter); both were associated with the direction of the pre-storm thermal gradient between the stream and substrate temperatures. The amplitude of ΔT became muted with increasing depth. Two-sample t-test analyses showed statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-storm temperatures at all depths during the warm period and at all depths except 150 cm in the cold period. Upwelling groundwater moderates the thermal response. There were no statistically significant differences in the pre- and post-storm stream temperatures during both the cold and warm periods.

Atapuerca Neanderthal landscape at Fuente Mudarra site in Burgos, Spain, during Marine Isotope Stages 5–3

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Marta Santamaría ◽  
Marta Navazo ◽  
Alfonso Benito-Calvo ◽  
Rodrigo Alonso ◽  
Gloria I. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
Gentle Slope ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Fuente Mudarra is on a gentle slope on the left bank of the Pico River, near Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain. A 12−m2 test pit was dug at this large open-air site between 2012 and 2017. Several upper Pleistocene archaeological levels were documented. Results from Fuente Mudarra confirm that Neanderthal groups, little represented at cave sites, occupied Sierra de Atapuerca from the end of the middle Pleistocene and during the upper Pleistocene. The site also provides insight into Neanderthal spatial organization in the Atapuerca area and whether they used the caves in an occasional, non-habitual way like the open-air sites.

scholarly journals Early–Middle Pleistocene Magnetostratigraphic and Rock Magnetic Records of the Dolynske Section (Lower Danube, Ukraine) and Their Application to the Correlation of Loess–Palaeosol Sequences in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe

Quaternary ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Dmytro Hlavatskyi ◽  
Vladimir Bakhmutov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Stratigraphic Correlation ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Potential Basis ◽  
Isotope Stratigraphy ◽  
Lock In

We present new palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic results with a stratigraphic interpretation of the late Early–Middle Pleistocene deposits exposed on the left bank of the River Danube at Dolynske, southern Ukraine. A thick succession of water-lain facies is succeeded by reddish-brown clayey soils, topped by a high-resolution loess–palaeosol sequence. These constitute one of the most complete recently discovered palaeoclimate archives in the Lower Danube Basin. The suggested stratigraphy is based on the position of the Matuyama–Brunhes boundary, rock magnetic, palaeopedological and sedimentological proxies, and it is confidently correlated with other loess records in the region (Roksolany and Kurortne), as well as with the marine isotope stratigraphy. The magnetic susceptibility records and palaeosol characteristics at Dolynske show an outstanding pattern that is transitional between eastern and south-eastern European loess records. Our data confirm that the well-developed S4 soil unit in Ukraine, and S5 units in Romania, Bulgaria and Serbia, correlate with the warm MIS 11. Furthermore, we suggest the correlation of rubified S6 palaeosols in Romania and Bulgaria and the V-S7–V-S8 double palaeosol in Serbia with S6 in Ukraine, a strong Mediterranean-type palaeosol which corresponds to MIS 15. Our new results do not support the hypothesis of a large magnetic lock-in depth like that previously interpreted for the Danube loess, and they prove that the Matuyama–Brunhes boundary is located within the palaeosol unit corresponding to MIS 19. The proposed stratigraphic correlation scheme may serve as a potential basis for further regional and global Pleistocene climatic reconstructions.

scholarly journals Particle sized-resolved source apportionment of primary and secondary organic tracer compounds at urban and rural locations in Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 9897-9939 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. van Drooge ◽  
J. O. Grimalt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Multivariate Curve Resolution ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Combustion Sources

Abstract. Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) was fractionated in six aerodynamic sizes, > 7.2, 7.2–3, 3–1.5, 1.5–1, 1–0.5, < 0.5 μm, using a cascade impactor. These fractions were collected at urban and rural sites during warm and cold seasons. Analysis of the organic tracer compounds by gas-chromatography coupled to mass-spectrometry showed that the composition in the smallest size fractions (< 0.5 μm) was more uniform than in the larger sizes (7.2 > PM > 0.5 μm). Thus, markers of photochemically synthesized organic compounds or combustion sources, either biomass burning or traffic emissions, were predominantly observed in the fraction < 0.5 μm whereas the larger particles were composed of mixed sources from combustion processes, vegetation emissions, soil re-suspension, road dust, urban life-style activities and photochemically synthesized organic compounds. Important seasonal differences were observed at the rural site. In the < 0.5 μm fraction these were related to strong predominance of biomass burning in the cold period and photochemically transformed biogenic organic compounds in the warm period. In the 7.2 > PM > 0.5 μm fractions the differences involved predominant soil-sourced compounds in the warm period and mixed combustion sources, photochemical products and vegetation emissions in the cold. Multivariate Curve Resolution Alternating Least Squares showed that these organic aerosols essentially originated from six source components. Four of them reflected primary emissions related with either natural products, e.g. vegetation emissions and up whirled soil dust, or anthropogenic contributions, e.g. combustion products and compounds related with urban life-style activities, mainly vehicular exhausts and tobacco smoking. Two secondary organic aerosol components were identified. They accumulated in the smallest (< 0.5 μm) or in the larger fractions (> 0.5 μm) and involved strong or mild photochemical transformations of vegetation precursor molecules, respectively. Toxicologically relevant information was also disclosed with the present approach. Thus, the strong predominance of biomass burning residues at the rural site during the cold period involved atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that were three times higher than at the urban sites and benzo[a]pyrene concentrations above legal recommendations.

scholarly journals Small mammal fauna in Europe during the second half of the Middle Pleistocene

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 48-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia K. Markova ◽  
Andrey Yu. Puzachenko
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
East European ◽  
Mammal Fauna ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Mis 5E ◽  
Eemian Interglacial ◽  
West European

Evolutionary changes in European small mammals during the second half of the Middle Pleistocene, from the Likhvin (Holsteinian, Hoxnian) Interglacial (MIS 11) to the beginning of the Mikulino (Eemian) Interglacial (MIS 5e), that is between 424 ka BP and 130 ka BP were traced. Trends in evolutionary change were documented, and East European and West European faunas were compared. An integrated analysis of available theriological, geological, and geochronological data for the second half of the Middle Pleistocene in Europe has shown marked changes in the small mammal fauna throughout the period under consideration and provided information on the climate and environments at different time intervals. Changes traceable in the Arvicolinae phyletic lines made a correlation between the West European and East European mammal localities possible. The biostratigraphic scheme of the second half of the Middle Pleistocene has been developed and maps of small mammal localities compiled.

scholarly journals Engineering-geological characteristic of the rocks of the loess-soil series from the key section at Korshiv (Volhynian Upland)

2013 ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andriy Bogucki ◽  
Petro Voloshyn
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Total Thickness ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Fossil Soil ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Soil Complex ◽  
First Time

Korshiv key section is one of the best studied and most complete sections of periglacial loess-soil series of Volhyn-Podillia. There is total thickness of loess-soil series approximately is 30 meters in this section. This key section is stratotype of Korshiv fossil soil complex and Lutsk fossil soil. Pseudomorphs after the structures of cellular ice of several stages of Middle Pleistocene palaeocryogenesis were allocated here for the first time for Volhyn-Podillia. Detailed description of the section and the results of engineering-geological studies of rocks of all selected loess and palaeosoil horizons were done. Individual properties of selected stratigraphic horizons and their dependence on the paleogeographic conditions of sedimentation were displayed. Key words: loesses, fossil soils, palaeogeographical conditions, engineering-geological features, subsidence, Volhynian Upland.

scholarly journals Delimitation of the warm and cold period of the year based on the variation of the Aegean sea surface temperature

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
A. MAVRAKIS ◽  
S. LYKOUDIS ◽  
G. THEOHARATOS
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Occupational Activities

Knowledge of the warm and cold season onset is important for the living conditions and the occupational activities of the inhabitants of a given area, and especially for agriculture and tourism. This paper presents a way to estimate the onset/end of the cold and warm period of the year, based on the sinusoidal annual variation of the Sea Surface Temperature. The method was applied on data from 8 stations of the Hellenic Navy Hydrographic Service, covering the period from 1965-1995. The results showed that the warm period starts sometime between April 28th and May 21st while it ends between October 27th and November 19th in accordance with the findings of other studies. Characteristic of the nature of the parameter used is the very low variance per station – 15 days at maximum. The average date of warm period onset is statistically the same for the largest part of the Aegean, with only one differentiation, that between Kavala and the southern stations ( Thira and Heraklion).

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