scholarly journals PERAN DANA ZAKAT DALAM MENGURANGI KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN DAN KEMISKINAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nova Rini ◽  
Nurul Huda ◽  
Yosi Mardoni ◽  
Purnama Putra
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Atkinson Index ◽  
Poverty Measures

This research attempts to examine the role of zakat in reducing income inequality and poverty, by taking a case study in Bogor. Two zakat institutions, Baytul Maal Bogor and Baytul Ikhtiar have been selected. A number of well-known inequality and poverty measures have utilized including Lorenz Curve, Gini coefficient, Atkinson index, headcount ratio, poverty gap index, income gap index, sen index and FGT index. After analyzing 200 household as the respondent, this study found zakat has increased monthly income of the household 11,48%. In general, the presence of zakat helps lower the income inequality an average of 0,3% points. The findings suggest that the presence of zakat has make better the income loss of the respondent  an average of 25,7% points. The existence of zakat is able to decrease the poverty incidence an average of 44% points. The gap of poverty can be reduced as the poverty gap show can be reductions of 27%. The depth of poverty can be reduced as the income gap show the reductions 18,8% points. Similarly, the severty of poverty can also be lower as evidenced from 18% points increase in the Sen index and 10% points increase in the FGT index.

scholarly journals PERAN DANA ZAKAT DALAM MENGURANGI KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN DAN KEMISKINAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Nova Rini ◽  
Nurul Huda ◽  
Yosi Mardoni ◽  
Purnama Putra
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Atkinson Index ◽  
Poverty Measures

This research attempts to examine the role of zakat in reducing income inequality and poverty, by taking a case study in Bogor. Two zakat institutions, Baytul Maal Bogor and Baytul Ikhtiar have been selected. A number of well-known inequality and poverty measures have utilized including Lorenz Curve, Gini coefficient, Atkinson index, headcount ratio, poverty gap index, income gap index, sen index and FGT index. After analyzing 200 household as the respondent, this study found zakat has increased monthly income of the household 11,48%. In general, the presence of zakat helps lower the income inequality an average of 0,3% points. The findings suggest that the presence of zakat has make better the income loss of the respondent  an average of 25,7% points. The existence of zakat is able to decrease the poverty incidence an average of 44% points. The gap of poverty can be reduced as the poverty gap show can be reductions of 27%. The depth of poverty can be reduced as the income gap show the reductions 18,8% points. Similarly, the severty of poverty can also be lower as evidenced from 18% points increase in the Sen index and 10% points increase in the FGT index.

scholarly journals The Comparison between Consumption and Production-based Zakat Distribution Programs for Poverty Alleviation and Income Inequality Reduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Qurroh Ayuniyyah ◽  
Ataul Huq Pramanik ◽  
Norma Md Saad ◽  
Muhammad Irwan Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Atkinson Index ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
One Year ◽  
Economic Studies

This study attempts to analyze the effect of consumption and production-based zakat distribution programs in eradicating poverty and reducing income inequality of the zakat beneficiaries by using the modification of the Center of Islamic Business and Economic Studies (abbreviated as CIBEST) model, Deciles method, Gini coefficient and Atkinson index. It takes the case study of 1,309 zakat beneficiaries managed by the National Zakat Board of Indonesia (abbreviated as BAZNAS) in three different cities and regencies including Bogor, Depok and Sukabumi. It suggests that the present zakat distribution programs conducted by BAZNAS can significantly alleviate poverty and reduce income inequality among zakat beneficiaries. It is observed that one year after receiving zakat programs, production-based programs have higher increase of the material and spiritual condition (represented by falah index) by 300 percentage points while households who obtained consumption-based programs rise by only 20 percentage points. It is also found that the Gini coefficient decreases by 0.017 points while Atkinson index falls by 0.042 points indicating that the income inequality among observed zakat beneficiaries are improved. This study has substantiated the role of zakat for poverty alleviation and income inequality reduction that can benefit development in general. Keywords: Zakat Distribution Programs, Poverty, Income Inequality

scholarly journals Revisiting Zakat Distribution on Income Inequality and Welfare: The Malaysia Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Patmawati Ibrahim ◽  
Maimunah Ali ◽  
Mazliana Muridan ◽  
Amirul Iman Mohd Jazid
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Research Show

This paper attempts to analyze the effects of zakat distribution on income inequality and welfare aspects of the poor Muslim society in Malaysia. The population of the study is the poor and hardcore poor of the zakat recipients in Selangor.  Exploring the cross sectional micro level data of nine districts in Selangor, Malaysia, this study adopted Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient to represent positive measures of income inequality.  However, these measures do not take into account the welfare effects of the distribution to the society.  Hence, Atkinson index is adopted to represent the normative measures of inequality that takes into account the welfare effects of the zakat distribution to society.   Results of the Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve have proven effectiveness of zakat distribution in reducing income inequality of the society. Whilst the theory of zakat says that zakat distribution will improve income inequality and welfare of the society, findings of the normative measures in this research show otherwise.  Therefore, this study is extended with zakat distribution simulation model based on had kifayah.  Results from the distribution simulation model proved the ability of zakat in narrowing down income inequality, reducing income loss and hence increasing the welfare of the society.  

scholarly journals ZAKAT FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND INCOME INEQUALITY REDUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qurroh Ayuniyyah ◽  
Ataul Huq Pramanik ◽  
Norma Md. Saad ◽  
Muhammad Irwan Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Chaid Analysis ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Analytical Tools

This research aims to analyze the role of zakat distribution programs for poverty allevation and income inequality reduction among groups in urban and rural areas. It takes the case study of 1,309 zakat beneficiaries managed by the National Zakat Board of Indonesia (BAZNAS) as the coordinating zakat institution in Indonesia, in five different cities and regencies in West Java Province namely, Bogor, Depok and Sukabumi. The analytical tools used in this study are the modification of the Center of Islamic Business and Economic Studies (CIBEST) model, CHAID analysis, Deciles method and Gini coefficient. This study suggests that the present zakat distribution programs can significantly alleviate poverty and reduce income inequality among the observed zakat beneficiaries. It is also found that spiritual supervision and routine assistance form BAZNAS officers, informal education, family size, age and job of the respondents are the variables that are statistically significant in influencing the increase of the households’ monthly income and spirituality. 

Impact of Self-Help Group (SHG) Membership on Income and Income Inequality

2019 ◽  
pp. 341-364
Author(s):  
Maniklal Adhikary ◽  
Sumanta Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Birbhum District ◽  
Direct Outcome ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Help Group

The microfinance program has now been recognized as an effective tool to empower economically the rural women folk. The earning is the most important direct outcome of micro finance participation unlike acquiring empowerment. Participation in the program helps women to inculcate their saving habit. It gives access to the formal credit to them. All these have direct impact on their economic condition. This study explores the impact of microfinance program on the income of the program participants of Birbhum District in West Bengal in India. The study also focuses on how participation helps in reducing inequality in income of the participants. The major finding of the study is that women self-help group (SHG) members have the higher level of income compared to that of non-SHG members. The study also shows that SHG participation also helps them in reducing inequalities in their income. Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve technique has been used to assess the income distribution of the respondents.

scholarly journals Working for Less: Income Inequality and the Diminishing Share of Labor in China’s National Wealth

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Songtao Wang ◽  
Tristan Kenderdine ◽  
Zhen Qi
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
Income Share ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
National Wealth ◽  
Labor's Share

This paper demystifies variation in labor’s share of national labor income in China from the perspective of the income gap. We extend the gross national labor income function by introducing a Gini coefficient to support our argument that the share of gross national labor income decreases with an increasing Gini coefficient. The hypotheses are tested using provincial data from 1996 to 2010: (1) the Gini coefficient’s ‘inverted U’ shape partially contributes to the U-shaped evolution of the labor income-share; (2) China’s 15 per cent decline in the labor income share can be explained by the widening income gap during that time. 

scholarly journals The Contribution of Islamic Micro Finance Towards Poverty Alleviation: A Case Study of Bank of Khyber Khud Kifalat Scheme

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-338
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saleem Qazi ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Adil ◽  
Dr. Saima Batool ◽  
Yasir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Future

The aim of this research is to investigate role of Microfinance in Poverty alleviation. Primary data was used in this research and was collected through personally administered questionnaires from 150 respondents. Results showed that most of the respondents were in favor of the Khud Kafalat scheme because it helped them in increasing their living standards and standard of education of their children due to establishing small scale businesses or expanding existing businesses. Moreover, Khud Kafalat Scheme has a very important role in Poverty alleviation and increased their gross monthly income. Furthermore, their satisfaction can also be depicted from the fact that although they observed no change in their employees’ condition but on individual level, most of them, were still in favor of applying again for the loan, if needed, in the future.

TAX BURDENS AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR EQUALIZING FARM INCOMES

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (4) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Piotr Gołasa
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Current System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Low Level ◽  
On Farm

The aim of the article was to present the issue of income inequality among agricultural holdings and the importance of the current system of taxation of agricultural activities for their equalization. This study was based on data collected from 573 agricultural holdings from Mazowieckie, Lubelskie, Podlaskie and Lodzkie. Gini coefficient was used to determine income differentiation. It was found that the examined farms are characterized by high income diversification (Gini coefficient – 0.672). The tax burden on farm incomes is at a low level of 3.8% and 77% of these burdens is agricultural tax. The agricultural tax system does not fulfill the redistributive function and even slightly increases the income gap. However, in the opinion of the surveyed farmers, the problem of income differentiation is not significant from their point of view, and the state should not take any additional measures to offset income. Possible changes should relate to the system of support of agriculture rather than its taxation.

scholarly journals Promise and Pitfalls in the Use of “Secondary” Data-Sets: Income Inequality in OECD Countries as a Case Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony B Atkinson ◽  
Andrea Brandolini
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Over Time

This paper examines the role of secondary data-sets in empirical economic research, taking the field of income distribution as a case study. We illustrate problems faced by users of “secondary” statistics, showing how both cross-country comparisons and time-series analysis can depend sensitively on the choice of data. After describing the genealogy of secondary data-sets on income inequality, we consider the main methodological issues and discuss their implications for comparisons of income inequality across OECD countries and over time. The lessons to be drawn for the construction and use of secondary data-sets are summarized at the end of the paper.

scholarly journals Income inequality measures and the middle class

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Oleg I. Pavlov ◽  
Olga Yu. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
The Lorenz Curve

We study how the presence of the middle class in the sense of Gevorgyan-Malykhin affects the value of income inequality measures including the Gini coefficient J and the Hoover index H. It is proved that in the presence of the middle class (1) $J \leqslant \frac{1}{2}\frac{{L'\left( 0 \right)}}{2}$ (where L is the Lorenz function), (2) $H \leqslant \frac{1}{2}$, (3) the longest vertical distance between the diagonal and the Lorenz curve (which is equal to H) is attained at ${z_0} < \frac{3}{4}$ A tight upper bound for P90/P10 ratio is found assuming L′(0)>0. Tight upper and lower bounds for the differential deviation in terms of the Gini coefficient are found as well.

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