scholarly journals The Effect of GA3 and Salicylic Acid Combination on the Growth of Groundnut Sprout (Arachis Hypogaea L.) on Aluminum Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-180
Author(s):  
Noviani Noviani ◽  
Martha Lulus Lande ◽  
Zulkifli Zulkifli ◽  
Yulianty Yulianty
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Simple Effect ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Single Solution ◽  
Growth Stimulant ◽  
Germination And Growth

This study aimed to determine the influence of GA3 and salicylic acid on the germination and growth of Kelinci variety groundnut under aluminum stress. The research was conducted in the Botanical Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung. This research was conducted in a 2x3 factorial experimental design. Factor A was AL (OH) 3 with two levels of concentration: 0% b/v and 5% b/v. Factor B was Growth Stimulant Substance (ZPT) with three levels of concentration: GA3 (0.1% w/v), salicylic acid (0.1% w/v), and GA3 and salicylic acid. The Tukey test determined the Main Effect, and the Simple Effect was determined with F-test at a significant level of 5%. It can be concluded that the mixture of GA3 solution and US solution was more effective than a single solution of GA3 or US. 

scholarly journals Effect of exogenous salicylic acid or indole acetic acid on their endogenous levels, germination, and growth in maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragab A. El-Mergawi ◽  
Mohamed S. A. Abd El-Wahed
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Exogenous Salicylic Acid

Abstract Background Exogenous hormone applications modify the plant growth and development by inducing changes in their endogenous contents. However, it is not clear whether the effects of exogenous hormones on growth are direct or related with changes induced in endogenous hormones. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) or indole acetic acid (IAA) on endogenous levels in soaked seeds, 5-day-old seedlings, and in vegetative growth of foliar-sprayed plants. The effects of different concentrations of two hormones on germination and growth of maize were also studied. Results The effect of presoaking maize seeds in solutions of SA or IAA (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM) on their endogenous contents in soaked seeds or in 5-day-old seedlings. Soaked seeds absorbed more SA than IAA. In young seedlings, the majority of two hormones which absorbed during seed soaking remained in the residual seeds. Presoaking seeds in SA or IAA solutions suppressed the growth of 5-day-old seedlings. In the greenhouse experiment, endogenous SA and IAA increased after spraying two compounds at 0.25–2 mM, peaking 2 days after treatment then decreased on. However, plants treated with SA at 1 mM or 2 mM continued to pose higher levels of endogenous SA, 8 days later. At 20 days after treatments, all tested concentrations of two hormones significantly increased the fresh and dry weights of the whole plant. These inducing effects disappeared 40 days after spraying. Conclusion The obtained results demonstrated the changes in endogenous SA and IAA in soaked seeds, seedling, and foliar-sprayed plants due to their exogenous application. However, concentrations of two hormones did not produce any permanent enhancement effects on germination and plant growth.

scholarly journals Salicylic acid and its method of application affect germination and vigor in bell pepper seedlings under salt stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Sebastião de Oliveira Maia Júnior ◽  
Jailma Ribeiro de Andrade ◽  
Ronaldo do Nascimento ◽  
Robson Felipe de Lima ◽  
Elka Costa Santos Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Germination And Growth

This study investigated the effect of two salicylic acid application methods (seed immersion and wetting) on the germination and growth characteristics ofcv. All Big bell pepper seedlings exposed to 0 or 100 mM of NaCl.The experimentwas conducted in aBiochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)incubator, using a completely randomized designwith eight treatments (immersionin salicylic acid or distilled water and wettingwith salicylic acid or water, in conjunction with 0 or 100 mMof NaCl) and four repetitions.The results indicated that under non-salineconditions, wetting with salicylic acid (SA) inhibited germination and seedling length, whereas NaCl stress reduced the germination, growth, total dry weight and vigor of seedlings.However, SA application, especially by wetting, mitigated the toxic effects of NaCl in bell pepper seedlings,improving relative water content and radicle length, as well as total length, dry weight and vigor.This study highlights the potential benefits of SA, particularly when applied via wetting, in attenuating phytotoxicity caused by NaCl stress and its effect on the germination, growth and vigor of bell pepper seedlings.

Anagram Solution Time and Effects of Distraction, Sex Differences, and Anxiety

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Papsdorf ◽  
David P. Himle ◽  
Barbara S. McCann ◽  
Bruce A. Thyer
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Anagram Solution ◽  
Anagram Task ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Single Solution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects

A single-solution anagram task was administered to high and low test-anxious 32 male and 32 female undergraduates under conditions of high and low external distraction. No significant main effects were found linking solution times to either test-anxiety level or the presence or absence of distracting stimuli. Following a planned post hoc analysis which assigned the anagrams into ‘hard’ or ‘easy’ categories, a significant main effect for level of test anxiety was found for the ‘hard’ anagrams, indicating that test anxiety debilitates performance only when the criterion task is especially difficult. Difficulty of anagrams also significantly interacted with subjects' sex, test anxiety, and distraction. The results are discussed in terms of the hypotheses that distracting stimuli may produce increases in arousal during difficult tasks and that these increments may either compromise or improve performance, depending upon the level of test anxiety which is viewed as a determinant of the initial arousal level of the subject.

scholarly journals Identification of main effect and epistatic QTLs controlling initial flowering date in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2383-2393
Author(s):  
Liang WANG ◽  
Xin-lei YANG ◽  
Shun-li CUI ◽  
Ji-hong WANG ◽  
Ming-yu HOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Epistatic Qtls ◽  
Flowering Date ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Cultivated Peanut

Response of Eight Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars to the Herbicide AC 263,222

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Richburg ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Albert K. Culbreath ◽  
Craig K. Kvien
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Field experiments conducted in 1992 and 1993 in Georgia evaluated the response of the peanut cultivars Florunner, Georgia Runner, Goldkist GK 7, NC 7, NC-V11, Southern Runner, Sunrunner, and AgraTech VC-1 to AC 263,222 applied early-postemergence (EPOST) at 71 g ha-1. Visual injury, which was less than 13%, was independent of cultivar, and injury was not evident on any cultivar midseason. AC 263,222 slightly reduced canopy width consistently on all cultivars. The only significant effect on percentage fancy pods, medium, No. 1, sound splits, damaged, and other kernels was the main effect of cultivar. There was a significant cultivar, AC 263,222, and cultivar-by-AC 263,222 effect on extra large kernels (ELK) and jumbo kernel percentages. Southern Runner and NC-V11 had significantly lower percentage jumbo and ELK, respectively when treated with AC 263,222. In addition, Florunner and Sunrunner also had numerically less percentage jumbo kernels. Reductions in percentages of ELK and jumbo were probably the result of AC 263,222-induced maturity delays. However, these reductions were not reflected in peanut yields. The occurence of late and early leaf spot, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and southern stem rot was independent of both cultivar and AC 263,222.

Lack of Salicylic Acid in Arabidopsis Protects Plants against Moderate Salt Stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Cao ◽  
Zhong-Wei Zhang ◽  
Li-Wei Xue ◽  
Jun-Bo Du ◽  
Jing Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Germination And Growth

Previous studies showed that salicylic acid (SA)-deficient transgenic Arabidopsis expressing the salicylate hydroxylase gene NahG had a higher tolerance to moderate salt stress. SA may potentiate the stress response of germination and growth of Arabidopsis seedlings by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the detailed mechanism for a better adaption of NahG plants to moderate salt stress is largely unknown. In the present study we found that a higher GSH/GSSG (glutathione/oxidized glutathione) ratio and ASA/DHA (ascorbic acid/dehydroascorbate) ratio in NahG plants during the stress may be the key reason for their stress-tolerance advantage. NahG plants actually could not produce more active antioxidant enzymes than the wild-type ones under natural conditions, but maintain higher activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) during the stress. Hereby, the reduced glutathione and reduced ascorbic acid contents are higher in NahG plants under salt stress. However, NahG plants do not adapt better under severe salt stress. All antioxidant enzyme activities, GSH/GSSG ratio and ASA/DHA ratio declined substantively at 400 mM NaCl stress in both NahG and wild-type seedlings.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Dukungan Endorser Dan Brand Familiarity Terhadap Perception Of Purchase Risk Dan Dampaknya Pada Niat Beli Produk Brand Extension

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lialutfi Mayangsari ◽  
Y. Lilik Rudianto
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Brand Extension ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Brand Familiarity ◽  
Brand Advertising ◽  
Parent Brand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effect

At this time, the firms faced tight competition. The firms expected to manage the resources possessed to be able to win the competition. One method used to develop the brand with the expansion of related or unrelated to the parent brand. This strategy is done by utilizing the parent brand advertising campaign media. In the advertising, usually raises the figure endorser such as a celebrityor not to display the endorser with a familiar brand or unfamiliar brand. By looking at the ads with display support different endorser and brands make different consumer response to the perception of risk purchase that ultimately led to purchase intention the product extension.This study was conducted to investigate the effect of endorser support and brand familiarity to perception of purchase risk and its impact on purchase intention of brand extension products. This study tried to see the main effect of the  variables and its interactions with the effect that using a factorial experimental design 2 (endorser support) x 2 (brand familiarity) with between subject methods. Data were obtained from 120 respondents who are students of S1 Management Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Airlangga.The analysis showed that there were no significant difference from the endorser support and there are significant differences from the brand familiarity on perception of purchase risk and there is no interaction effect between the endorser support and brand familiarity for reduces the perception of risk perceived by consumers. Perception of risk purchase also significantly influence consumer purchase intentions on the product brand extension.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document