Lack of Salicylic Acid in Arabidopsis Protects Plants against Moderate Salt Stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Cao ◽  
Zhong-Wei Zhang ◽  
Li-Wei Xue ◽  
Jun-Bo Du ◽  
Jing Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Germination And Growth

Previous studies showed that salicylic acid (SA)-deficient transgenic Arabidopsis expressing the salicylate hydroxylase gene NahG had a higher tolerance to moderate salt stress. SA may potentiate the stress response of germination and growth of Arabidopsis seedlings by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the detailed mechanism for a better adaption of NahG plants to moderate salt stress is largely unknown. In the present study we found that a higher GSH/GSSG (glutathione/oxidized glutathione) ratio and ASA/DHA (ascorbic acid/dehydroascorbate) ratio in NahG plants during the stress may be the key reason for their stress-tolerance advantage. NahG plants actually could not produce more active antioxidant enzymes than the wild-type ones under natural conditions, but maintain higher activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) during the stress. Hereby, the reduced glutathione and reduced ascorbic acid contents are higher in NahG plants under salt stress. However, NahG plants do not adapt better under severe salt stress. All antioxidant enzyme activities, GSH/GSSG ratio and ASA/DHA ratio declined substantively at 400 mM NaCl stress in both NahG and wild-type seedlings.

Exogenous Ascorbic Acid and Glutathione Alleviate Oxidative Stress Induced by Salt Stress in the Chloroplasts of Oryza sativa L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 226-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renlei Wang ◽  
Shaohua Liu ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Chunxia Ding
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Oxygen Scavenging

The effects of exogenous ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) on antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)] and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2, as well as of endogenous AsA and GSH, in the chloroplasts of two rice cultivars, the salt-tolerant cultivar Pokkali and the salt-sensitive cultivar Peta, were investigated. Exogenous AsA and GSH enhanced SOD, APX, and GR activities, increased endogenous AsA and GSH contents, and reduced those of H2O2 and MDA in the chloroplasts of both cultivars under salt stress (200 mM NaCl), but the effects were significantly more pronounced in cv. Pokkali. GSH acted more strongly than AsA on the plastidial reactive oxygen scavenging systems. These results indicated that exogenous AsA and GSH differentially enhanced salinity tolerance and alleviated salinity-induced damage in the two rice cultivars

scholarly journals Involvement of Ethylene in Reversal of Salt Stress by Salicylic acid in Presence of Sulfur in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Rasheed ◽  
Zebus Sehar ◽  
Mehar Fatma ◽  
Noushina Iqbal ◽  
Asim Masood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ethylene Sensitivity ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Ethylene Action

Abstract The involvement of ethylene in reversal of salt stress inhibited photosynthetic activity and growth by salicylic acid (SA) together with sulfur (S) was studied in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants. Application of SA (0.5 mM) plus SO42- (2.0 mM) improved photosynthetic activity through markedly increased S-assimilation, antioxidant enzymes activity and optimized ethylene and glutathione (GSH) production for reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants under 50 mM NaCl stress. As SA acts as an inhibitor of ethylene, and S-assimilation is associated with ethylene synthesis, we tried to figure out the interaction of ethylene in SA and SO42- mediated salt tolerance. The involvement of ethylene was studied by supplementing salt treated plants with 200 µL L-1 ethephon (an ethylene-releasing compound) or 100 µM norbornadiene (NBD, ethylene action inhibitor) to SA and SO42- treatments. The ethephon application to salt treated plants suppressed stress ethylene and optimized ethylene formation and increased ethylene sensitivity to enhance photosynthesis of plants by affecting antioxidative capacity of plants. Application of NBD to plants receiving SA plus SO42- in presence of salt showed inhibited photosynthetic characteristics, stomatal behavior and growth. These plants exhibited minimal capacity of S-assimilation and antioxidant enzymes activity and GSH content. This explained that ethylene was involved in the reversal of salt stress by SA plus SO42-. Thus, the study showed that ethylene intervenes the effect of SA in the presence of SO42- to upregulate the antioxidants that lead to increased S-assimilation, and imparted tolerance to salt in mustard plants.

scholarly journals Inducing salt tolerance in sweet corn by magnetic priming

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Karimi ◽  
Saeid ESHGHI ◽  
Saeid KARIMI ◽  
Saman HASAN-NEZHADIAN
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Membrane Thermostability ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Magnetic Priming

<p>This study evaluates seed germination and growth of sweet corn under NaCl stress (0, 50, and 100 mM), after exposing the seeds to weak (15 mT) or strong (150 mT) magnetic fields (MF) for different durations (0, 6, 12, and 24 hours). Salinity reduced seed germination and plant growth. MF treatments enhanced rate and percentage of germination and improved plant growth, regardless of salinity. Higher germination rate was obtained by the stronger MF, however, the seedling were more vigorous after priming with 15 mT MF. Proline accumulation was observed in parallel with the loss of plant water content under 100 mM NaCl stress. MF prevented proline accumulation by improving water absorption. Positive correlation between H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> accumulation and membrane thermostability (MTI) was found after MF treatments, which revealed that MF primed the plant for salinity by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> signaling. However, over-accumulation of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> after prolonged MF exposure adversely affected MTI under severe salt stress. In conclusion, magnetic priming for 6 hours was suggested for enhancing germination and growth of sweet corn under salt stress.</p>

scholarly journals The Synthesis of Ascorbic Acid in Rice Roots Plays an Important Role in the Salt Tolerance of Rice by Scavenging ROS

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayun Wang ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Hua Qin ◽  
Zixuan Li ◽  
Hai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Rna Interfering

The root plays an important role in the responses of plants to stresses, but the detailed mechanisms of roots in stress responses are still obscure. The GDP-mannose pyrophosphate synthetase (GMPase) OsVTC1-3 is a key factor of ascorbic acid (AsA) synthesis in rice roots. The present study showed that the transcript of OsVTC1-3 was induced by salt stress in roots, but not in leaves. Inhibiting the expression of OsVTC1-3 by RNA interfering (RI) technology significantly impaired the tolerance of rice to salt stress. The roots of OsVTC1-3 RI plants rapidly produced more O2−, and later accumulated amounts of H2O2 under salt stress, indicating the impaired tolerance of OsVTC1-3 RI plants to salt stress due to the decreasing ability of scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, exogenous AsA restored the salt tolerance of OsVTC1-3 RI plants, indicating that the AsA synthesis in rice roots is an important factor for the response of rice to salt stress. Further studies showed that the salt-induced AsA synthesis was limited in the roots of OsVTC1-3 RI plants. The above results showed that specifically regulating AsA synthesis to scavenge ROS in rice roots was one of important factors in enhancing the tolerance of rice to salt stress.

scholarly journals Exogenous salicylic acid-triggered changes in the glutathione transferases and peroxidases are key factors in the successful salt stress acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edit Horváth ◽  
Szilvia Brunner ◽  
Krisztina Bela ◽  
Csaba Papdi ◽  
László Szabados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Stress Acclimation ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Salicylic acid (SA) applied exogenously is a potential priming agent during abiotic stress. In our experiments, the priming effect of SA was tested by exposing Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants to 2-week-long 10−9–10−5 M SA pretreatments in a hydroponic medium, followed by 1 week of 100 mM NaCl stress. The levels of reactive oxygen species and H2O2, changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and the expression of selected glutathione transferase (GST) genes were investigated. Although 10−9–10−7 M SA pretreatment insufficiently induced defence mechanisms during the subsequent salt stress, 2-week pretreatments with 10−6 and 10−5 M SA alleviated the salinity-induced H2O2 and malondialdehyde accumulation, and increased superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, GST and glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) activity. Our results indicate that long-term 10−6 and 10−5 M SA treatment mitigated the salt stress injury in this model plant. Enhanced expression of AtGSTU19 and AtGSTU24 may be responsible for the induced GST and GPOX activity, which may play an important role in acclimation. Modified GST expression suggested altered signalling in SA-hardened plants during salt stress. The hydroponic system applied in our experiments proved to be a useful tool for studying the effects of sequential treatments in A. thaliana.

scholarly journals Exogenous Application of Ascorbic Acid Enhances the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Ocimum sanctum L. Grown under Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Neelma Munir ◽  
Sheza A. Khilji ◽  
Maryam Shabir ◽  
Zahoor A. Sajid
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Antioxidants Activity

Ocimum sanctum L. (Tulsi) is the most important medicinal plant that has antimicrobial, antioxidants, and anticarcinogenic effects on human health. Plants, when under stress, gather several antioxidants and osmoprotectants. The present work focuses on the abiotic stress response of Tulsi and its mitigation by the application of ascorbic acid. In addition to this, an enhancement of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity was also analyzed using ascorbic acid. During the present work, when plants were grown under NaCl stress and ascorbic acid (AA) was provided with foliar applications, it ascertained encouraging effects on growth; likewise, its effect remains stable under salinity stress. The enzymatic antioxidants activity showed a significant change in response to AA alone or in combination. The highest catalase activity was recorded in plants subjected to 0.5 mM AA in combination with 100 mM NaCl (0.65 units/mL of enzyme). Likewise, a similar trend was recorded for the superoxide dismutase activity of Tulsi plants. The highest activity of SOD was recorded in plants subjected to 0.5 mM AA in combination with 100 mM NaCl (66.1 units/mg of protein). Flavonoid content showed its highest amount (27.41 mg/g) when plants were treated with 0.5 mM AA + 100 mM NaCl while the highest phenolic content (1.88 mg/g) was analyzed in salt treated plants sprayed with 0.5 mM AA. In the case of antimicrobial activity, 0.5 mM AA treated plants gave the highest value for the Staphylococcus aureus as 2.15 cm and in Clostridium species was 2.1 cm in the plants treated with 1 mM AA alone. Hence, the findings of the present study may lead to the conclusion that AA has a significant role in defense mechanisms of plants in response to salt stress. Further, it enhances the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of Tulsi plants grown under salt stress.

scholarly journals Salicylic acid and its method of application affect germination and vigor in bell pepper seedlings under salt stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Sebastião de Oliveira Maia Júnior ◽  
Jailma Ribeiro de Andrade ◽  
Ronaldo do Nascimento ◽  
Robson Felipe de Lima ◽  
Elka Costa Santos Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Germination And Growth

This study investigated the effect of two salicylic acid application methods (seed immersion and wetting) on the germination and growth characteristics ofcv. All Big bell pepper seedlings exposed to 0 or 100 mM of NaCl.The experimentwas conducted in aBiochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)incubator, using a completely randomized designwith eight treatments (immersionin salicylic acid or distilled water and wettingwith salicylic acid or water, in conjunction with 0 or 100 mMof NaCl) and four repetitions.The results indicated that under non-salineconditions, wetting with salicylic acid (SA) inhibited germination and seedling length, whereas NaCl stress reduced the germination, growth, total dry weight and vigor of seedlings.However, SA application, especially by wetting, mitigated the toxic effects of NaCl in bell pepper seedlings,improving relative water content and radicle length, as well as total length, dry weight and vigor.This study highlights the potential benefits of SA, particularly when applied via wetting, in attenuating phytotoxicity caused by NaCl stress and its effect on the germination, growth and vigor of bell pepper seedlings.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effects of Newly Fabricated CaO, CuO, ZnO Nanoparticles on Callus Formation Maintainance of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Under In Vitro Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Simsek ◽  
Busra Yazicilar ◽  
Fatma Boke ◽  
Hayrunisa Nadaroglu ◽  
Azize Alayli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Induction Stage

Abstract Nanoparticules plays an important role in plant adaptation to abiotic stress, especially in response to salt stress. In this study, two alfalfa lines (Erzurum, and Muş) were used as the material for the response NaCl to CuO, ZnO and CaO nanoparticules (NPs). CaO is evident to be higher effective than CuO, ZnO in callus induction from leaf explants. The antioxidant enzyme activities were also determined in the callus cultures. The maximum activity in MDA analysis was observed from callus treated of 50 mM NaCl with 0.8 ppm CuO NPs. The callus induction stage without salt treatments indicated a best result in 0.8 ppm CaO NPs for H2O2 value compared to the other NPs. The callus induction stage without salt treatments indicated a best result in 0.8 ppm CaO NPs for POD value compared to the other NPs for POD activity. The best response in protein rate was obtained from callus induction stage and callus formation stage after 50 mM treatment NaCl with 0.8 ppm CuO. LSCM analysis evident that the NPs could migitate the negative effects of NaCl stress by the elimination of stress severity in callus cells. SEM analysis was supported the results obtained by LSCM analysis. Our findings suggest that CuO, CaO and ZnO NPs can offer a simple and effective method to protect alfalfa callus from NaCl stress severity.

scholarly journals Populus euphratica JRL Mediates ABA Response, Ionic and ROS Homeostasis in Arabidopsis under Salt Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Huilong Zhang ◽  
Chen Deng ◽  
Jun Yao ◽  
Yan-Li Zhang ◽  
Yi-Nan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Schematic Model ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Ros Homeostasis ◽  
Aba Response

Sodium chloride (NaCl) induced expression of a jacalin-related mannose-binding lectin (JRL) gene in leaves, roots, and callus cultures of Populus euphratica (salt-resistant poplar). To explore the mechanism of the PeJRL in salinity tolerance, the full length of PeJRL was cloned from P. euphratica and was transformed into Arabidopsis. PeJRL was localized to the cytoplasm in mesophyll cells. Overexpression of PeJRL in Arabidopsis significantly improved the salt tolerance of transgenic plants, in terms of seed germination, root growth, and electrolyte leakage during seedling establishment. Under NaCl stress, transgenic plants retained K+ and limited the accumulation of Na+. PeJRL-transgenic lines increased Na+ extrusion, which was associated with the upward regulation of SOS1, AHA1, and AHA2 genes encoding plasma membrane Na+/proton (H+) antiporter and H+-pumps. The activated H+-ATPases in PeJRL-overexpressed plants restricted the channel-mediated loss of K+ that was activated by NaCl-induced depolarization. Under salt stress, PeJRL–transgenic Arabidopsis maintained reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis by activating the antioxidant enzymes and reducing the production of O2− through downregulation of NADPH oxidases. Of note, the PeJRL-transgenic Arabidopsis repressed abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, thus reducing the ABA-elicited ROS production and the oxidative damage during the period of salt stress. A schematic model was proposed to show the mediation of PeJRL on ABA response, and ionic and ROS homeostasis under NaCl stress.

scholarly journals AtSIBP1, a Novel BTB Domain-Containing Protein, Positively Regulates Salt Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wan ◽  
Lu Peng ◽  
Jie Xiong ◽  
Xiaoyi Li ◽  
Jianmei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Gus Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Btb Domain ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sessile Organisms ◽  
Salt Signaling

Because they are sessile organisms, plants need rapid and finely tuned signaling pathways to adapt to adverse environments, including salt stress. In this study, we identified a gene named Arabidopsis thaliana stress-induced BTB protein 1 (AtSIBP1), which encodes a nucleus protein with a BTB domain in its C-terminal side and is induced by salt and other stresses. The expression of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene driven by the AtSIBP1 promoter was found to be significantly induced in the presence of NaCl. The sibp1 mutant that lost AtSIBP1 function was found to be highly sensitive to salt stress and more vulnerable to salt stress than the wild type WT, while the overexpression of AtSIBP1 transgenic plants exhibited more tolerance to salt stress. According to the DAB staining, the sibp1 mutant accumulated more reactive oxygen species (ROS) than the WT and AtSIBP1 overexpression plants after salt stress. In addition, the expression levels of stress-induced marker genes in AtSIBP1 overexpression plants were markedly higher than those in the WT and sibp1 mutant plants. Therefore, our results demonstrate that AtSIBP1 was a positive regulator in salinity responses in Arabidopsis.

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