scholarly journals Salicylic acid and its method of application affect germination and vigor in bell pepper seedlings under salt stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Sebastião de Oliveira Maia Júnior ◽  
Jailma Ribeiro de Andrade ◽  
Ronaldo do Nascimento ◽  
Robson Felipe de Lima ◽  
Elka Costa Santos Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Germination And Growth

This study investigated the effect of two salicylic acid application methods (seed immersion and wetting) on the germination and growth characteristics ofcv. All Big bell pepper seedlings exposed to 0 or 100 mM of NaCl.The experimentwas conducted in aBiochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)incubator, using a completely randomized designwith eight treatments (immersionin salicylic acid or distilled water and wettingwith salicylic acid or water, in conjunction with 0 or 100 mMof NaCl) and four repetitions.The results indicated that under non-salineconditions, wetting with salicylic acid (SA) inhibited germination and seedling length, whereas NaCl stress reduced the germination, growth, total dry weight and vigor of seedlings.However, SA application, especially by wetting, mitigated the toxic effects of NaCl in bell pepper seedlings,improving relative water content and radicle length, as well as total length, dry weight and vigor.This study highlights the potential benefits of SA, particularly when applied via wetting, in attenuating phytotoxicity caused by NaCl stress and its effect on the germination, growth and vigor of bell pepper seedlings.

scholarly journals Gibberellic acid and nitrogen efficiently protect early seedlings growth stage from salt stress damage in Sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Yousif Adam Ali ◽  
Muhi Eldeen Hussien Ibrahim ◽  
Guisheng Zhou ◽  
Nimir Eltyb Ahmed Nimir ◽  
Aboagla Mohammed Ibrahim Elsiddig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Stress Damage

AbstractSalinity one of environmental factor that limits the growth and productivity of crops. This research was done to investigate whether GA3 (0, 144.3, 288.7 and 577.5 μM) and nitrogen fertilizer (0, 90 and 135 kg N ha−1) could mitigate the negative impacts of NaCl (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on emergence percentage, seedling growth and some biochemical parameters. The results showed that high salinity level decreased emergence percentage, seedling growth, relative water content, chlorophyll content (SPAD reading), catalase (CAT) and peroxide (POD), but increased soluble protein content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The SOD activity was decreased by nitrogen. However, the other measurements were increased by nitrogen. The interactive impact between nitrogen and salinity was significant in most parameters except EP, CAT and POD. The seedling length, dry weight, fresh weight, emergence percentage, POD, soluble protein and chlorophyll content were significantly affected by the interaction between GA3 and salinity. The GA3 and nitrogen application was successful mitigating the adverse effects of salinity. The level of 144.3 and 288.7 μm GA3 and the rate of 90 and 135 kg N ha−1 were most effective on many of the attributes studied. Our study suggested that GA3 and nitrogen could efficiently protect early seedlings growth from salinity damage.

Impact of Exogenous Applications of Salicylic Acid on the Tolerance to Drought Stress in Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
zahra khazaei ◽  
Asghar Estaji
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Relative Water

Abstract Background: Drought is also one of the most widespread abiotic stresses that adversely effects the growth and development of plants. To investigate the effect of salicylic acid and drought stress on several physiological and chemical reactions in sweet pepper plants, the experiment was achieved as a factorial based on a completely randomized design in greenhouse. Drought stress levels were non-stress conditions (irrigation with field capacity), moderate stress (30% field capacity irrigation) and intense water stress (60% field capacity irrigation) and three concentrations of salicylic acid included 0 (as control), 0.5 and 1 mM were sprayed on the plant in three to four leaf stages. Results: The results showed that drought decreased fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, leaf relative water content (RWC), fruit diameter and length, the index including chlorophyll and leaf area and increased electrical conductivity (EC), antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, ascorbate, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. After application of foliar salicylic acid, all of the above parameters, except the electrical conductivity content, increased. Conclusions: From the results of this experiment it is concluded that salicylic acid provides a better tolerance for drought stress in pepper plant through its influence on vegetative, biochemical and physiological characteristics.

scholarly journals Improved tolerance of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) to drought stress and rewatering by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum: effect on growth and cell membrane stability

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Beltrano ◽  
Marta G. Ronco
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The aim of this paper was to investigate the contribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum to drought stress tolerance in wheat plants grown under controlled conditions in a growth chamber, and subjected to moderate or severe water stress and rewatering. Water stress tolerance was determined through total dry weight, leaf relative water content, leakage of solutes and leaf chlorophyll and protein concentrations in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal wheat plants. Total dry weight and leaf chlorophyll concentrations were significantly higher in mycorrhizal plants after moderate or severe water stress treatments compared with non-mycorrhizal ones. Electrolyte leakage was significantly lower in water-stressed inoculated plants. Compared to non-inoculated plants, leaf relative water content and total protein concentration of inoculated individuals increased only under severe water stress. When irrigation was re-established, mycorrhizal plants increased their total dry weight and leaf chlorophyll concentration, and recovered cell membrane permeability in leaves compared with non-mycorrhizal plants. In conclusion, root colonization by G. claroideum could be an adequate strategy to alleviate the deleterious effects of drought stress and retard the senescence syndrome in wheat.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Allelopathic Potential of Leguminous Summer Cover Crops: Cowpea, Sunn Hemp, and Velvetbean

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Adler ◽  
Carlene A. Chase
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Germination And Growth

The phytotoxicity of aqueous foliar extracts and ground dried residues of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Iron Clay], and velvetbean [Mucuna deeringiana (Bort) Merr.] to crop and weed germination and growth was evaluated to compare the allelopathic potential of the cover crops. By 14 days after treatment (DAT), goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] germination with 5% aqueous extracts of all cover crops (w/v fresh weight basis) was similar and greater than 75% of control. However, with the 10% extracts, goosegrass germination was lowest with cowpea extract, intermediate with velvetbean extract, and highest with sunn hemp extract. Livid amaranth (Amaranthus lividus L.) germination declined to ≈50% with cowpea and sunn hemp extracts and even lower to 22% with velvetbean extract. The suppression of livid amaranth germination was greater with the 10% extracts than the 5% extracts. Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) germination was unaffected by velvetbean extract, inhibited more by the 5% cowpea extract than the 10% extract, and was also sensitive to the 10% sunn hemp extract. All cover crop extracts resulted in an initial delay in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) germination, but by 14 DAT, inhibition of germination was apparent only with cowpea extract. The phytotoxicity of ground dried residues of the three cover crops on germination, plant height, and dry weight of goosegrass, smooth amaranth (A. hybridus L.), bell pepper, and tomato was evaluated in greenhouse studies. Goosegrass germination was inhibited in a similar manner by residues of the three cover crops to 80% or less of control. Smooth amaranth germination, plant height, and dry biomass were more sensitive to sunn hemp residues than to cowpea and velvetbean residues. Bell pepper germination, plant height, and dry weight were greater than 90% of control except for dry weight with cowpea residue, which was only 78% of control. The greatest effect of cover crop residue on tomato occurred with dry weight, because dry weights with cowpea and sunn hemp were only 76% and 69% of control, respectively, and lower than with velvetbean. There was more evidence of cover crop phytotoxicity with the weed species than with the crop species and cowpea extracts and residue affected all species more consistently than those of sunn hemp and velvetbean.

scholarly journals Toxic Effects of Chromium on Growth of some Paddy Varieties

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
M. Nagarajan ◽  
K. Sankar Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Cr Addition ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Plant Seedlings ◽  
Toxicity Effects

Chromium is a serious heavy metal and it is considered as an environmental hazard. Toxicity effects of chromium on growth and development of plants including inhibition of germination process decrease of growth and biomass of plant. The aim of this research is to study the accumulation of Cr and its effect on the Germination and growth of some paddy varieties. Thus, the varieties such as ADT-43, ADT-45, IR-50, TKM-9, CO-33, ASD-16 and CO-43 are grown in petriplates treated with different concentrations of Chromium (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L). After one week exposure the seedlings were removed and morphophysiological parameters like germination percentage, seedling length and dry weight of paddy varieties and accumulation of Cr were determined. The results indicated that the concentrations more than 100 mg/L chromium cause the reduction of morphophysiological parameters in the treatments rather than control and Cr addition in the cultures caused enhancement of chromium content in roots and shoots of plant seedlings. It was also noted that accumulation of chromium in the roots was much higher than the shoots of the paddy seedlings under treatment.

Lack of Salicylic Acid in Arabidopsis Protects Plants against Moderate Salt Stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Cao ◽  
Zhong-Wei Zhang ◽  
Li-Wei Xue ◽  
Jun-Bo Du ◽  
Jing Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Germination And Growth

Previous studies showed that salicylic acid (SA)-deficient transgenic Arabidopsis expressing the salicylate hydroxylase gene NahG had a higher tolerance to moderate salt stress. SA may potentiate the stress response of germination and growth of Arabidopsis seedlings by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the detailed mechanism for a better adaption of NahG plants to moderate salt stress is largely unknown. In the present study we found that a higher GSH/GSSG (glutathione/oxidized glutathione) ratio and ASA/DHA (ascorbic acid/dehydroascorbate) ratio in NahG plants during the stress may be the key reason for their stress-tolerance advantage. NahG plants actually could not produce more active antioxidant enzymes than the wild-type ones under natural conditions, but maintain higher activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) during the stress. Hereby, the reduced glutathione and reduced ascorbic acid contents are higher in NahG plants under salt stress. However, NahG plants do not adapt better under severe salt stress. All antioxidant enzyme activities, GSH/GSSG ratio and ASA/DHA ratio declined substantively at 400 mM NaCl stress in both NahG and wild-type seedlings.

scholarly journals Effects of exogenous ascorbic acid on seed germination and seedling salt-tolerance of alfalfa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250926
Author(s):  
Zhao Chen ◽  
Xin-long Cao ◽  
Jun-peng Niu
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Main Components

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important legume crop for forage, agriculture, and environment in the world. Ascorbic acid (AsA) plays positive roles in plants. However, its effects on germination and salt-tolerance of alfalfa are unknown. The effects of AsA applications on seed germination and seedling salt-tolerance of alfalfa were investigated. The results revealed that 0.1 and 1 mmol L-1 of exogenous AsA increased germination, amylase, and protease, as well as seedling length, fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and endogenous AsA both in the shoots and roots, except that 1 mmol L-1 AsA reduced the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase and protease on day 3. However, 10 and 100 mmol L-1 AsA inhibited these parameters and even caused serious rot. It indicates that 0.1 mmol L-1 AsA has the optimal effects, whereas 100 mmol L-1 AsA has the worst impacts. Another part of the results showed that 0.1 mmol L-1 AsA not only enhanced stem elongation, FW and DW, but also increased chlorophyll and carotenoids both under non-stress and 150 mmol L-1 NaCl stress. Furthermore, 0.1 mmol L-1 AsA mitigated the damages of membrane permeability, malondialdehyde, and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ions both in the shoots and roots under 150 mmol L-1 NaCl stress. Hence, 0.1 mmol L-1 AsA improves growth and induces salt-tolerance by inhibiting excessive ROS, down-regulating the ion toxicity and up-regulating the antioxidant system. The principal component analysis included two main components both in the shoots and roots, and it explained the results well. In summary, the optimum concentration of 0.1 mmol L-1 AsA can be implemented to improve the seed germination and seedling growth of alfalfa under salt stress.

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid and Gibberelic Acid Ameliorates the Adverse Effects of Salinity on Chickpea

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
MI Hossain ◽  
MA Mannan ◽  
MA Karim
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Gibberelic Acid ◽  
Total Dry Weight

A pot experiment was carried out under semi-controlled environmental condition in the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during December 2012 through March 2013 aiming to alleviate the salinity stress effects on chickpea using salicylic acid (SA) and gibberelic acid (GA3). Chickpea variety BARI Chola-5 was used in the experiment. Salt solution was prepared by adding tap water in sea water to make 5, 7.5 and 10 dS m-1 salinity level. Plants were irrigated with 5, 7.5 and 10 dSm-1 concentrations of saline water from 14th days after sowing (DAS) to maturity (100 DAS) and control plants were irrigated with tap water. Different concentration of SA (200 ppm and 400 ppm) and GA3 (10 ppm and 20 ppm) were applied as foliar spray once in a week from 20 DAS to flowering stage. The data for chlorophyll content in leaf and water relation traits such as relative water content (RWC) and water retention capacity (WRC) were measured 7 days after foliar spray of plant growth regulators at flowering stage. Total dry weight (root+shoot), yield and yield contributing characters were measured at maturity. Results indicated that salinity decreased total dry weight, chlorophyll content, relative water content, water retention capacity and yield of chickpea. Foliar application of SA and GA3 at different doses under different salinity conditions had the positive effects related to mitigation of salinity stress effect but low concentration i.e., SA and GA3 @ 200 ppm and 10 ppm, respectively were found to alleviate the adverse effects significantly on the above parameters at low salinity condition (5 dSm-1).Bangladesh Agron. J. 2015, 18(1): 81-88

scholarly journals Effect of Waterlogging Duration on Germination, Physiological Characteristics, and Yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 936-945
Author(s):  
Vu Tien Binh ◽  
Sorgan S. K. Tai
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The study was conducted to evaluate the germination, physiological responses, yield-related traits, and seed yield of three mungbean varieties, viz. DXVN7, DXVN5, and DX11, under waterlogging coditions in the 2019 Summer. In experiment 1, the seeds of the three mungbean varieties were immersed in distilled water in Petri dishes for 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72h. Afterwards, water was removed and the percentage of germinated seeds was calculated at 84h after sowing. In experiment 2, plants were waterlogged at the seedling stage (25 days after germination) for 3, 6, and 9 days. Waterlogging depth was maintained at 3cm above the soil surface. Physiological traits were determined at the recovery period after termination of waterlogging (45 days after germination). The results showed that waterlogging significantly decreased germination percentages, plant height, root dry weight, leaf relative water content (RWC), SPAD value, Fv/Fm index, leaf photosynthesis, total dry weight, and seed yield of all varieties. Germination percentages at 12 and 24h of waterlogging were not significantly affected, whereas germination was significantly reduced at up to 36h of waterlogging. Seventy-two hours of waterlogging caused failure in germination. Nine days of waterlogging at the seedling stage adversely affected the physiological traits and seed yield of the mungbean varieties with 31% of yield reduction. Meanwhile, plants grew better at 3 days of waterlogging. Among the three varieties, DXVN7 showed the best adaptability under waterlogging conditions, attaining the highest seed germination and yield.

Allelopathic Effect of Lantana (Lantana camara) and Siam Weed (Chromolaena odorata) on Selected Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail B. Sahid ◽  
John B. Sugau
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Germination And Growth

Laboratory, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to determine the allelopathic potential of lantana and Siam weed on the germination and growth of five crops. Emergence and dry weight of bioassay species were affected when lantana or Siam weed debris was present on the soil surface or incorporated into the soil. However, presence of Siam weed on the soil surface did not affect dry weight of rape. Emergence and dry weight of crops (except emergence of spinach) were not affected when crops were grown in soil samples collected from beneath field-grown lantana. Dry weight of Chinese cabbage and chilli was reduced when these crops were grown in Siam weed-contaminated soil. Germination of Chinese cabbage, chilli, and rape decreased progressively when exposed to increasing concentrations of aqueous lantana extract. However, the lantana extract at full strength (66.7 g L−1) did not reduce germination of spinach and cucumber seed. Siam weed extract, when applied at full strength to seed of spinach, Chinese cabbage, rape, and chilli, reduced germination by 10, 12, 21, and 19% of control, respectively. Full-strength extract of lantana and Siam weed decreased seedling length and fresh weight of all crops.

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