scholarly journals Cultural Challenges of BlueBird Bio Expansion into Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (Fall/Winter) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Igor Ban
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Employee Education ◽  
Cultural Challenges ◽  
Employee Protection ◽  
Practice Approach ◽  
Institutional Differences ◽  
The Individual

BlueBird Bio is a biotechnology multinational corporation (MNC), with headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts, specializing in gene therapy solutions for autoimmune diseases and cancer. The company was recently approved, in Germany, for their new drug Zynteglo for the treatment of betta thalassemia. This approval opened the door for further investment in the European market, starting with the contracting of Apceth Biopharma and purchases of new land and equipment to establish a permanent residence in the country. The opening of the new European headquarters will demonstrate new challenges for BlueBird Bio, as cultural and institutional differences between the host country and parent country are quite distinctive. Some of the main differences among countries are their cultural dimensions in dealing with risk, masculinity, and indulgence. Unlike the United States, Germany is risk avert, values input of all in decision-making, and has a general attitude following the best practice approach. The US focuses on the individual dimension of a culture where employees are valued for their independence. Furthermore, the differences between governmental policies in the two countries vary strongly. The German government has strict policies on employee protection and can affect the decision making of the organization. There is also the presence of labor unions and collective bargaining; two aspects of organizational structure US-based companies are trying to avoid. BlueBird Bio is an emerging MNC, and its success depends upon its ability to recognize the differences in cultures and institutions between the countries. The company has already been exposed to multiple countries in Europe and has strong programs in employee education supplemented with strong company benefits for its employees, which is providing excellent groundwork for establishing headquarters in Germany.

scholarly journals What Makes Emerging Adults Feel Loved? Cultural Consensus of Felt Love Experiences in Emerging Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Ellis ◽  
Saeideh Heshmati ◽  
Zita Oravecz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
The United States ◽  
Developmental Theory ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Cultural Consensus ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
The Individual

The experience of love plays an integral role in human development as adolescents transition to young adults. While important, little is known about beliefs on love and intimacy in this transitional stage and whether emerging adults have developed beliefs about indicators of love. Using Cultural Consensus Theory informed by developmental theory, this study examined whether emerging adults in the United States reach a consensus on what makes people feel loved. Decision-making styles were also explored and linked with emerging adults’ personality characteristics. College attending-emerging adults ages 18 to 22 responded to 60 items on everyday scenarios and decided whether they thought each scenario was loving or not. Results suggest that emerging adults have developed a shared belief on love. The study expands on the individual differences in the decision-making process of emerging adults on indicators of love and the developmental implications of these findings.

Party Responsibility in Britain and the United States

1967 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-256
Author(s):  
Jorgen S. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
Institutional Differences ◽  
British Experience ◽  
The Many ◽  
The U.S

Political parties in representative democracies have, as two of their most significant functions, to facilitate popular participation in the decision-making process and to implement, through control of governmental organs, those policies which are popularly favoured. Judged by these criteria, American parties are dysfunctional—so one critical school argues. American parties, they charge, are responsible neither to their members nor voters and are so organized and operated that they fail to govern effectively. When, in the early 1950s, this case against American parties had its greatest acceptance in the discipline, a number of critics contrasted American parties unfavourably with British parties. As an earlier generation of political scientists had urged Americans to adopt British institutions of government, so the critics of American parties favoured reforms which they thought were characteristic of British parties. If American parties became more like British parties, they argued, those parties would be more responsible and effective. Defenders of American parties refuted the critics' diagnosis and prescription by emphasizing the many environmental and institutional differences between Britain and the United States. British experience simply was not applicable in the U.S., they maintained. As study of British parties progressed an even more devastating rejoinder to critics of American parties emerged. Various findings began to suggest that although British parties obviously were much more cohesive in the legislature than were American parties, they were not nearly as responsible as the critics had assumed.

Industrial risks

1981 ◽  
Vol 376 (1764) ◽  
pp. 133-149 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Element ◽  
Light Water ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Industrial Risks

A brief look is taken at the status of progress, or the lack of it, towards a quantitative approach to the estimation and assessment of risk for several technologies in the United States. The increase of interest in the consideration of comparative risks in decision-making is also discussed. Finally, a recently proposed trial approach to quantitative safety goals for light-water nuclear power reactors is summarized. The approach is divided into two major tasks: the predominantly social and political task of setting safety criteria, and the technical task of estimating the risks and deciding whether the safety criteria have been met. The safety criteria include the following: limits on hazard states within the reactor; limits on risk to the individual; limits on societal risk; a cost-effectiveness criterion as low as reasonably achievable; a small element of risk aversion.

Values and Moral Dilemmas: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. McCabe ◽  
Janet M. Dukerich ◽  
Jane Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Students ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Decision Making Behavior

M.B.A. programs in the United States continue to admit foreign students in record numbers, yet we know little about how this cultural diversity may impact the values and ethical decision making behavior of either American or foreign students. The research discussed here examined this issue within the context of a large M.B.A. program where non-U S. citizens comprise over twenty percent of the student population.Comparisons of U.S. and Asian students supported existing notions about the independent vs. interdependent conceptions of the role of the individual within each culture. However, these differences were not a major factor in explaining the significantly different choices made by U.S. and Asian students in selected decision making vignettes.

Using a Community Vote for Wind Energy Development Decision-Making in King Island, Tasmania

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
R.M. Colvin ◽  
G. Bradd Witt ◽  
Justine Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Practice Approach ◽  
Engagement Process ◽  
Wind Energy Development ◽  
Social Licence To Operate

In 2012, a large scale wind energy project was proposed for development in King Island, Tasmania, Australia. The project proponents adopted what they described as a ‘best practice’ approach to community engagement; an approach expected to achieve positive outcomes for developer and community by maximising community involvement in decision-making, limiting social conflict, and enhancing the potential of achieving the social licence to operate. Despite this, the community experience during the time of the proposal was one of conflict and distress, and the proposal was eventually cancelled due to exogenous economic factors. This case study explores a key element of the engagement process—holding a community vote—that caused significant problems for people and process. The vote appeared to be a democratic means to facilitate community empowerment in the decision-making process. However, in this study, we show that the vote resulted in an increase in conflict and polarisation, challenged the legitimacy of the consultative process and credibility of the proponents, and ultimately led to legal actions taken by opponents against the proponent. Factors including voter eligibility, the benchmark for success of the vote, campaigning, and responses to the outcome of the vote are examined to demonstrate the complexity of decision-making for renewable energy and land use change more generally.

Commitment and Cooperation on High Courts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Alarie ◽  
Andrew J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Supreme Courts ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Institutional Differences ◽  
The Impact

Judicial decision-making is ideally impartial. In reality, judges are influenced by many different factors, including institutional context, ideological commitment, fellow justices on a panel, and personal preferences. Empirical literature in this area increasingly analyzes this complex collection of factors in isolation, when a larger sample size of comparative institutional contexts can help assess the impact of the procedures, norms, and rules on key institutional decisions, such as how appeals are decided. This book explains how the answers to the following institutional questions largely determine the influence of political preferences of individual judges and the degree of cooperation among judges at a given point in time. Who decides how judicial appointments are made? How does an appeal reach the court; what processes occur? Who is before the court; how do the characteristics of the litigants and third parties affect judicial decision-making? How does the court decide the appeal; what institutional norms and strategic behaviors do the judges follow in obtaining their preferred outcome? The authors apply these four fundamental institutional questions to empirical work on the supreme courts of the United States, UK, Canada, India, and the High Court of Australia. The ultimate purpose of this book is to promote a deeper understanding of how institutional differences affect judicial decision-making, using empirical studies of supreme courts in countries with similar basic structures but with sufficient differences to enable meaningful comparison.

scholarly journals Constitution and Family in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-668
Author(s):  
Carl A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Decisions of the United States Supreme Court beginning with Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) have transformed family law in the United States. By characterizing the right to marry as a fundamental constitutional right and procreative decision-making as both a fundamental liberty interest and privacy right, the Court has “deregulated” the institutions of marriage and family. During this same period the Court’s approach to legal questions involving the rights of non-marital cohabitating couples as well as individual procreative decision-making has tended to blur legal distinctions between the family based upon marriage and other living arrangements. The widespread adoption of mutual consent and/or marital breakdown as grounds for the dissolution of marriage in the United States has significantly altered the social dynamics of marriage and further reduces distinctions between marriage and other living arrangements. However, recent decisions by the Court in Hardwick, Michael H., and Webster point to a change of direction in the Court’s view of privacy which may signal a willingness to tolerate greater community involvement in establishing protective regulation of the institutions of marriage and the family based upon it. The Court also appears to be in the process of significantly narrowing the constitutionally recognized right of privacy when viewed as a zone of autonomous decision-making for the individual or non-marital couple.

scholarly journals ForestSim Model of Impacts of Smallholder Dynamics: Forested Landscapes of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey L. Mayer ◽  
Mark D. Rouleau
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Forested Landscapes ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Many forested landscapes in the United States contain a large number of small private landowners (smallholders). The individual decisions of these smallholders can collectively have a large impact on the structure, composition, and connectivity of forests. While models have been developed to try to understand this large-scale collective impact, few models have incorporated extensive information from individual decision-making. Here we introduce an agent-based model, infused with sociological data from smallholders, overlaid on a GIS layer to represent individual smallholders, and used to simulate the impact of thousands of harvesting decisions. Our preliminary results suggest that certain smallholder characteristics (such as relative smallholder age and education level as well as whether a smallholder is resident or absentee) and information flow among owners can radically impact forests at the landscape scale. While still in its preliminary stages, this modeling approach is likely to demonstrate in detail the consequences of decision-making due to changing smallholder demographics or new policies and programs. This approach can help estimate the effectiveness of programs based on landscape-scale programmatic goals and the impact of new policy initiatives.

scholarly journals Harnessing the Wisdom of the Crowd to Forecast Incident and Cumulative COVID-19 Mortality in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn S Taylor ◽  
James W Taylor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Probabilistic Forecasting ◽  
Probabilistic Forecasts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Combining Methods

Background Forecasting models have played a pivotal role in decision making during the COVID-19 pandemic, predicting the numbers of cases, hospitalisations and deaths. However, questions have been raised about the role and reliability of models. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential benefits of combining probabilistic forecasts from multiple models for forecasts of incident and cumulative COVID mortalities. Methods We considered 95% interval and point forecasts of weekly incident and cumulative COVID-19 mortalities between 16 May 2020 and 8 May 2021 in multiple locations in the United States. We compared the accuracy of simple and more complex combining methods, as well as individual models. Results The average of the forecasts from the individual models was consistently more accurate than the average performance of these models, which provides a fundamental motivation for combining. Weighted combining performed well for both incident and cumulative mortalities, and for both interval and point forecasting. Inverse score with tuning was the most accurate method overall. The median combination was a leading method in the last quarter for both mortalities, and it was consistently more accurate than the mean combination for point forecasting of both mortalities. For interval forecasts of cumulative mortality, the mean performed better than the median. The leading individual models were most competitive for point forecasts of incident mortality. Conclusions We recommend that harnessing the wisdom of the crowd can improve the contribution of probabilistic forecasting of epidemics to health policy decision making, and report that the relative performance of the different combining methods depends on several factors including the type of data, type of forecast and timing.

Employment Relationship in Context: Commitment-Based HR Practices in the UK and Thailand

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patchara Popaitoon ◽  
Bruce A. Rayton
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Hr Practices ◽  
Employees Satisfaction ◽  
Practice Approach ◽  
Institutional Differences ◽  
The Uk

This paper examines the role of institutional and cultural differences in the link between employees' satisfaction with HR practices and their affective commitment by focusing on counter clerks in financial services workplaces in the UK and Thailand. The results show that while the connection between satisfaction and commitment is of similar magnitude in the UK and Thailand, that level of commitment is linked with different HR practices. The results are consistent with cultural and institutional differences between the two countries and serve as a reminder that managers should consider the specific conditions in which they operate rather than simply adopting a best-practice approach to HRM.

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