scholarly journals Possibility of using sour cherry pits as biofuel for obtaining thermal energy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milorad Petrović ◽  
◽  
Milan Jovanović ◽  
Zoran Štirbanović ◽  
Jovica Sokolović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Standards

In the Republic of Serbia, sour cherries are grown on approximately 14,000 hectares and represent the fourth fruit species in terms of area. The pits that remain after the processing of sour cherries are a by-product that burdens the business of the processors of this fruit. The quantities of pits that are produced annually are estimated at around 7,000 tons. This represents a good energy potential, bearing in mind that the calorific value of sour cherry pits is around 22 MJ / kg of dry matter. An additional convenience of sour cherry pits is in their dimensions that make them suitable for direct use in pellet boilers, without any pre-treatment. One of the boilers in which it is possible to burn dried sour cherry pits in order to obtain thermal energy, is Šukoplam VENT, a manufacturer of boilers Šukom from Knjaževac. This boiler has good characteristics such as: high efficiency (up to 94%), quality of materials and workmanship, the possibility of using several types of biofuels and their quality combustion, based on which it met the requirements for Class 5 (Ecodesing) related to pollutant emissions by the latest European standards.

scholarly journals Assessment of the energetic potential by hazelnuts pruning in Viterbo’s area

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Monarca ◽  
M. Cecchini ◽  
A. Colantoni ◽  
S. Di Giacinto ◽  
A. Marucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Thermal Potential

In this work the amount of biomass available by the hazelnuts pruning in the province of Viterbo was investigated. At present, the pruning’s residues are destroyed by farmers directly in the field, at the end of the pruning; in this way a large quantity of biomass, represented by hazelnut’s prunings, is lost; the residues obtained from the hazelnut’s pruning, are an important source of biomass that could be used for thermal energy production. The aim of this work is to realize a map with the estimated energy potential from hazelnut pruning biomass, in the province of Viterbo. In the first phase the amount of biomass obtained from a hectare of hazelnut’s cultivationwas estimated:sampling were carried out in some municipalities of Viterbo while hazelnut pruning was taking place, from January to March.In the field, biomass was weighed and some pieces of wood were collected for laboratory analysis; in particular humidity of biomass, low calorific value, ashand the content of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N) were determined. In the calculation of the biomass were considered the age of the plants and the number of plants per hectare. The results show that the amount of biomass obtained from pruning of hazelnuts varies with the age of plants, but even more so by the number of plants per hectare. The average value of biomass obtained from pruning of a hectare of land is just under 0,9 t. Knowing the net calorific value of the hazelnut wood and the number of hectares cultivated for each municipality, a map of thermal potential energy has been realized.

Low Emissions Combustor Development for an Industrial Gas Turbine to Utilize LCV Fuel Gas

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Kelsall ◽  
M. A. Smith ◽  
M. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Topping Cycle ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Advanced coal-based power generation systems such as the British Coal Topping Cycle offer the potential for high-efficiency electricity generation with minimum environmental impact. An important component of the Topping Cycle program is the gas turbine, for which development of a combustion system to burn low calorific value coal derived fuel gas, at a turbine inlet temperature of 1260°C (2300°F), with minimum pollutant emissions, is a key R&D issue. A phased combustor development program is underway burning low calorific value fuel gas (3.6-4.1 MJ/m3) with low emissions, particularly NOx derived from fuel-bound nitrogen. The first phase of the combustor development program has now been completed using a generic tubo-annular, prototype combustor design. Tests were carried out at combustor loading and Mach numbers considerably greater than the initial design values. Combustor performance at these conditions was encouraging. The second phase of the program is currently in progress. This will assess, initially, an improved variant of the prototype combustor operating at conditions selected to represent a particular medium sized industrial gas turbine. This combustor will also be capable of operating using natural gas as an auxiliary fuel, to suit the start-up procedure for the Topping Cycle. The paper presents the Phase 1 test program results for the prototype combustor. Design of the modified combustor for Phase 2 of the development program is discussed, together with preliminary combustion performance results.

scholarly journals Development of an LCV Fuel Gas Combustor for an Industrial Gas Turbine

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Constant ◽  
D. Mark Bevan ◽  
Michael F. Cannon ◽  
Gregory J. Kelsall
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Phased Development ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Generation Systems

Advanced coal based power generation systems, such as the Air Blown Gasification Cycle (ABGC), offer the potential for high efficiency, electricity generation with minimum environmental impact. An important component of the ABGC development is the gas turbine combustion system. It must bum low calorific value (LCV) coal derived fuel gas, at high turbine inlet temperatures with minimum pollutant emissions. A phased development programme has been completed burning LCV fuel gas (3.6–4.1 MJ/m3) with low emissions, particularly NOx derived from fuel bound nitrogen. Performance tests were carried out on a generic tubo-annular, prototype combustor, at Mach numbers generally lower than those typical to engine applications, with encouraging results. Five design variants, operating at conditions selected to represent a particular medium sized industrial gas turbine each returned an improvement in combustor performance. A further five variants were investigated to establish which design characteristics and operating parameters most affected NOx emissions.

scholarly journals Assessment of the energetic potential by hazelnuts pruning in Viterbo’s area

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Monarca ◽  
M. Cecchini ◽  
A. Colantoni ◽  
S. Di Giacinto ◽  
A. Marucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Thermal Potential

In this work the amount of biomass available by the hazelnuts pruning in the province of Viterbo was investigated. At present, the pruning’s residues are destroyed by farmers directly in the field, at the end of the pruning; in this way a large quantity of biomass, represented by hazelnut’s prunings, is lost; the residues obtained from the hazelnut’s pruning, are an important source of biomass that could be used for thermal energy production. The aim of this work is to realize a map with the estimated energy potential from hazelnut pruning biomass, in the province of Viterbo. In the first phase the amount of biomass obtained from a hectare of hazelnut’s cultivationwas estimated:sampling were carried out in some municipalities of Viterbo while hazelnut pruning was taking place, from January to March.In the field, biomass was weighed and some pieces of wood were collected for laboratory analysis; in particular humidity of biomass, low calorific value, ashand the content of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N) were determined. In the calculation of the biomass were considered the age of the plants and the number of plants per hectare. The results show that the amount of biomass obtained from pruning of hazelnuts varies with the age of plants, but even more so by the number of plants per hectare. The average value of biomass obtained from pruning of a hectare of land is just under 0,9 t. Knowing the net calorific value of the hazelnut wood and the number of hectares cultivated for each municipality, a map of thermal potential energy has been realized.

scholarly journals Coconut Wastes as Bioresource for Sustainable Energy: Quantifying Wastes, Calorific Values and Emissions in Ghana

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Yaw Obeng ◽  
Derrick Yeboah Amoah ◽  
Richard Opoku ◽  
Charles K. K. Sekyere ◽  
Eunice Akyereko Adjei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Controlled System ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Air Quality Guidelines ◽  
Co Concentrations

Coconut husks with the shells attached are potential bioenergy resources for fuel-constrained communities in Ghana. In spite of their energy potential, coconut husks and shells are thrown away or burned raw resulting in poor sanitation and environmental pollution. This study focuses on quantifying the waste proportions, calorific values and pollutant emissions from the burning of raw uncharred and charred coconut wastes in Ghana. Fifty fresh coconuts were randomly sampled, fresh coconut waste samples were sun-dried up to 18 days, and a top-lit updraft biochar unit was used to produce biochar for the study. The heat contents of the coconut waste samples and emissions were determined. From the results, 62–65% of the whole coconut fruit can be generated as wastes. The calorific value of charred coconut wastes was 42% higher than the uncharred coconut wastes. PM2.5 and CO emissions were higher than the WHO 24 h air quality guidelines (AQG) value at 25 °C, 1 atmosphere, but the CO concentrations met the WHO standards based on exposure time of 15 min to 8 h. Thus, to effectively utilise coconut wastes as sustainable bioresource-based fuel in Ghana, there is the need to switch from open burning to biocharing in a controlled system to maximise the calorific value and minimise smoke emissions.

scholarly journals Low Emissions Combustor Development for an Industrial Gas Turbine to Utilise LCV Fuel Gas

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Kelsall ◽  
M. A. Smith ◽  
M. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Topping Cycle ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Advanced coal based power generation systems such as the British Coal Topping Cycle offer the potential for high efficiency electricity generation with minimum environmental impact. An important component of the Topping Cycle programme is the gas turbine, for which development of a combustion system to burn low calorific value coal derived fuel gas, at a turbine inlet temperature of 1260°C (2300 F), with minimum pollutant emissions, is a key R&D issue. A phased combustor development programme is underway burning low calorific value fuel gas (3.6–4.1 MJ/m3) with low emissions, particularly NOx derived from fuel bound nitrogen. The first phase of the combustor development programme has now been completed using a generic tubo-annular, prototype combustor design. Tests were carried out at combustor loading and mach numbers considerably greater than the initial design values. Combustor performance at these conditions was encouraging. The second phase of the programme is currently in progress. This will assess, initially, an improved variant of the prototype combustor operating at conditions selected to represent a particular medium sized industrial gas turbine. This combustor will also be capable of operating using natural gas as an auxiliary fuel, to suit the start-up procedure for the Topping Cycle. The paper presents the Phase 1 test programme results for the prototype combustor. Design of the modified combustor for Phase 2 of the development programme is discussed, together with preliminary combustion performance results.

scholarly journals Calorific evaluation and energy potential of grape pomace

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Burg ◽  
David Ludín ◽  
Kazimierz Rutkowski ◽  
Anna Krakowiak-Bal ◽  
Petr Trávníček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Calorimetric Analysis ◽  
Grape Wine

AbstractThis article deals with energetic evaluation and potential of pomace – a waste product originating during production of grape wine. Calorimetric analysis of 19 grapevine varieties was performed in 2013 and 2014. The aim was to specify their combustible limit and the gross calorific value. The evaluations were performed on pristine pomace, pomace without seeds, and only on seeds themselves. The results obtained imply that pomace is an interesting energetic resource with a gross calorific value of 16.07-18.97 MJ kg−1. Lower calorific values were detected in pomace after seed separationie14.60-17.75 MJ kg−1; on the contrary, seeds alone had the highest calorific values of 19.78-21.13 MJ kg−1. It can be assumed from the results of energetic evaluation of pomace in Czech Republic conditions that, by purposeful and efficient usage of pomace, 6.4 GWh of electric energy and 28 GWh of thermal energy can be generated.

scholarly journals Review of energy potential of the wood biomass of orchards and vineyards in the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S1-S7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burg Patrik ◽  
Mašán Vladimír ◽  
Dušek Martin ◽  
Zemánek Pavel ◽  
Rutkowski Kazimierz
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Average Production

The most important sources of biomass energy are currently coming from agricultural activity. A sizeable portion in production areas is waste wood after the winter cut of orchards and vineyards, which cover areas exceeding 30,000 ha in the Czech Republic. The most important are species like apples, peaches, apricots, plums, sweet cherries, sour cherries and grapevines. Average production of wood mass for individual species of fruit trees and grapevines ranges from 1,540 kg/ha up to 6,762 kg/ha, i.e. 1.5 t/ha to 6.8 t/ha. The calorific value for these species ranges from 14.70 to 16.39 MJ/kg, with moisture between 6 and 8%. The results show that the total measured energy potential of the fruit species-cultivated areas is 1,469.7 TJ for the whole Czech Republic. 

Economic efficiency of apricot cultivation in the South of Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Luiza A. Velibekova ◽  
◽  
Magomed-Rasul A. Kaziev ◽  
Sadrutdin B. Battalov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
The North ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Fruit Orchards

In recent years, the main emphasis in fruit growing has been placed on expanding plantings and increasing the production of pome fruit species, while the cultivation area and the yield of stone fruits remain extremely low. The purpose of the study is to highlight the Republic of Dagestan as a fruit-growing region, whose contribution to the production of fruit products is the greatest. The article notes the reasons limiting the spread of stone fruit agrocenoses: limited cultivation area, insufficient resistance to unfavorable abiotic and biotic environmental factors, lack of a set of immune-resistant varieties grown in industrial gardens. The dynamics of indicators is analyzed: the structure of fruit and berry crops, the area of perennial plantations, the volume of production, the yield for the period 2010-2020. It has been established that the bulk of industrial stone fruit orchards, which provide significant gross harvests, are concentrated in the North Caucasus and Southern Federal Districts, including the Republic of Dagestan, the undisputed leader. It is noted that apricot culture has a special strategic place in regional gardening. The possibilities of the republic in the organization of conveyor production in the cultivation of apricot varieties in conditions of vertical zoning have been substantiated, which allows satisfying demand throughout the season and ensuring high efficiency of agricultural producers. Key regional problems are identified, the solution of which will allow modernizing gardening, forming a product brand, and widely developing agritourism destinations. The results of the research can be used by the republican authorities in the implementation of the policy of development of rural areas.

Pyrazolium Phase Change Materials for Solar-Thermal and Wind Energy Storage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Matuszek ◽  
R. Vijayaraghavan ◽  
Craig Forsyth ◽  
Surianarayanan Mahadevan ◽  
Mega Kar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Energy Storage Materials ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Storage Materials

Renewable energy has the ultimate capacity to resolve the environmental and scarcity challenges of the world’s energy supplies. However, both the utility of these sources and the economics of their implementation are strongly limited by their intermittent nature; inexpensive means of energy storage therefore needs to be part of the design. Distributed thermal energy storage is surprisingly underdeveloped in this context, in part due to the lack of advanced storage materials. Here, we describe a novel family of thermal energy storage materials based on pyrazolium cation, that operate in the 100-220°C temperature range, offering safe, inexpensive capacity, opening new pathways for high efficiency collection and storage of both solar-thermal energy, as well as excess wind power. We probe the molecular origins of the high thermal energy storage capacity of these ionic materials and demonstrate extended cycling that provides a basis for further scale up and development.

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