scholarly journals 由死而觀生的中醫學

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Hongzhong QIU
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Terminal Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Definition Of Death ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
Human Death

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.本文論述了傳統中醫對待死亡本質的看法，對待死亡的態度和死從世界觀的基本觀點，比較了中醫生死概與西醫生死觀的差異及其在安樂死、養生觀等問題上的反映。本文認為，傳統中醫的生死觀點的特點是：在死亡概念上重人的精神特徵和社會特徵的喪失；在對待死亡態度上，樂天知命，安時而處順；對待惡疾等迫生狀況，認為迫生不如死，如命當夭折，便不以人助天；中醫亦關注死亡的判斷問題，但它的目的在於遠於死而近於生；中醫貴生重己，但以向死的生，未死先死為養生之策略。雖天道自然，但人道自己，人壽可以力移，死可以被超越。作者認為，中醫的死亡觀將為世界性的死亡觀的討論提供有益的啟示。The theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine lies in Confucianism and Daoism. Hence traditional Chinese medicine's perspectives on death have continuity with both the Confucian and the Daoist views on death. This essay analyzes many ancient Chinese medical texts and tries to articulate their views on death and dying.Concerning the definition of death, traditional Chinese medicine offers two theories. One theory sees death as the loss of shen (spirit) or the separation of shen (spirit) from the body. Shen is located in our vital organs, not just in the brain. Another theory sees death as the dispersion of qi (vital force) away from human body. Both theories regard human death as not just a biological event; it is regarded as more spiritual and social than physiological. In other words, human death is not defined in the same way as death of other organisms is defined.Chinese medicine aspires not only to cure diseases but also to enhance health. In order to achieve this goal, medicine often uses death as a threat to remind people to keep fit and to cultivate healthy life styles. Only when one is constantly death-conscious will one be able to stay away from death. ln traditional idiom, the goal of medicine is to cure a disease before the disease arises.Many traditional Chinese medical codes of practice stipulate that doctors should terminate treatment when the patient is in a terminal condition rather than prolong the agony. A tormented life is considered worse than death and is detestable. Hence there has been a strong interest to detect vital signs other than breathing and heartbeat so that an early detection of death can be possible. One can then avert death when it just starts to arise. However, once death is diagnosed as inevitable traditional Chinese medicine deems that it is unfitting for human beings to meddle with nature through strenuous efforts to avert death.Though traditional Chinese medicine fully acknowledges human mortality, it also advises people to transcend death. While Confucianism emphasizes the cultivation of virtue, Daoism stresses the oneness with nature so that one does not fear death when death arrives and does not delight in life while one is enjoying life. In so doing, the negating and annihilating effect of death will be mitigated.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 29 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

The integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHEN KEJI ◽  
XU HAO
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Future

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is one of the world's oldest medical systems, having a history of several thousands of years. It is a system of healing based upon the Chinese philosophy of the correspondence between nature and human beings. Its theories refer to yin and yang, the Five Elements, zang-fu, channels-collaterals, qi, blood, body fluid, methods of diagnosis, the differentiation of symptom-complexes, etc. TCM has two main features: a holistic point of view and treatment according to a differentiation of syndromes. The therapeutic methods of TCM involve different approaches, such as acupuncture, moxibustion, tuina bodywork, herbal medicine and qi gong, in order to allow the body to heal itself in a natural way. Western medicine was first introduced into China from the middle of the 17th century. During the first two centuries several different views, related to the future of TCM and the relation between TCM and Western medicine, emerged. Some advocated ‘complete westernization’ of Chinese medicine, others were in favour of keeping it intact, whereas again others recommended the ‘digestion and assimilation of TCM and Western medicine’. Nowadays, more and more people realize that each of the two medical traditions has its own merits and advise that the two systems should benefit from each other's strong points. We offer an argument for integrating Western medicine with TCM. In the 20th century China has maintained and developed three kinds of medical science, that is, TCM, Western medicine, and ‘integrated medicine’. Much has been achieved in clinical, experimental and theoretical research. The development of any science can be furthered by cross-fertilization based on absorption and fusion of whatever useful theory and experience. It is our dream that, in the future, diverse modalities – including TCM, Western medicine and possibly other variants – can work in conjunction with each other as part of a unified team rather than in competition. This integrated approach will ultimately lead to safer, faster and more effective health care.

EFFECT OF CHINESE MEDICINE ON MUSCLE FATIGUE OF ATHLETES

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 706-709
Author(s):  
Ma Jin
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Fatigue ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Paired T Test

ABSTRACT Introduction: Traditional Chinese medicine has a very good effect on the treatment of exercise fatigue. However, if it is not handled actively and effectively, it can cause serious adverse effects on the body and lead to many diseases. Objective: To study the effect of TCM diagnosis and treatment on athletes’ exercise-induced muscle fatigue. Methods: The results of the study were analyzed by comparing the experimental data in the experimental group and the control group. Results: A paired t test was conducted on the experimental results of the experimental intervention group and the data of the control group. It was found that regardless of individuals being male or female, the paired t test results of the experimental group and the data of the control group were all P < 0.05, showing significant differences in the paired data. Conclusions: In the experiment, all the treatment methods of traditional Chinese medicine had an obvious effect in the treatment of exercise fatigue, and reduced the recovery time of exercise fatigue at different degrees. Contrastive analysis shows that traditional Chinese medicine is effective in the treatment of exercise fatigue. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Development of Rapid Advice Guidelines for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 with Traditional Chinese Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (07) ◽  
pp. 1511-1521
Author(s):  
Ning Liang ◽  
Huizhen Li ◽  
Jingya Wang ◽  
Liwen Jiao ◽  
Yanfang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Evidence Collection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Grade Methodology ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

The worldwide spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus has become a profound threat to human health. As the use of medication without established effectiveness may result in adverse health consequences, the development of evidence-based guidelines is of critical importance for the clinical management of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This research presents methods used to develop rapid advice guidelines on treating COVID-19 with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). We have followed the basic approach for developing WHO rapid guidelines, including preparing, developing, disseminating and updating each process. Compared with general guidelines, this rapid advice guideline is unique in formulating the body of evidence, as the available evidence for the treatment of COVID-19 with TCM is from either indirect or observational studies, clinical first-hand data together with expert experience in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, our search of evidence not only focuses on clinical studies of treating COVID-19 with TCM but also of similar diseases, such as pneumonia and influenza. Grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) methodology was adopted to rate the quality of evidence and distinguish the strength of recommendations. The overall certainty of the evidence is graded as either high, moderate, low or very low, and to give either “strong” or “weak” recommendations of each TCM therapy. The output of this paper will produce the guideline on TCM for COVID-19 and will also provide some ideas for evidence collection and synthesis in the future development of rapid guidelines for COVID-19 in TCM as well as other areas.

scholarly journals Functional fitness and quality of life of elderly Lian Gong, Tai Chi, and Qigong practitioners

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Regina Martinez Tedeschi ◽  
Tatiane Assone ◽  
Mauro Ferreira ◽  
Káren Mendes Jorge de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
And Control ◽  
Body Practices

Abstract BACKGROUND Long-term regular physical activity, such as body practices of Traditional Chinese Medicine, seems to be an important habit for maintaining the functional fitness, independence and quality of life of elderly individuals. However, scientific knowledge production concerning assessment of such practices, specifically for the elderly population, focusing on functional fitness and quality of life, is still modest. Moreover, there is a lack of studies with long-term follow-up and control groups. Therefore, this study aims to compare the parameters of functional fitness and the dimensions of quality of life of elderly participants and non-participants in the body practices of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Longer adherence time, shorter adherence time and control group have been considered. METHODS This is an observational epidemiological case-control study carried out with 118 elderly individuals (≥ 60 years). The case group was represented by 59 elderly people practicing the body practices of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and they were subdivided into two groups, according to their median adherence time (< 24 months and ≥ 24 months). The control group was composed of 59 participants who were not participating in physical activity programs or guided body practices. Collection was carried out in four Traditional Medicine Specialized Units of the Municipal Health Office of the city of São Paulo. Sociodemographic and functional variables were collected. Quality of life was measured by Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). For data analysis, a univariate logistic regression and the Kruskal Wallis test have been performed. RESULTS When assessing quality of life, favorable results were found for the case group, with longer (≥ 24 months) adherence time in the domains of bodily pain (p = 0.003), vitality (p = 0.021), role emotional (p = 0.034), and mental health (p = 0.020). A better result was observed in the case group, with longer (≥ 24 months) adherence time in the functional 30-second chair stand test (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS The body practices of Traditional Chinese Medicine can contribute to quality of life, functional fitness, and lower limb strength.

scholarly journals 在技術烏托邦的彼岸: 中西醫學再評價

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146
Author(s):  
Ruiping FAN
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Aim Of Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Medical Theory

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.本文試圖綜合本期各篇文章的主要觀點，依據“目的”、“體驗”和“價值”三條線索來對傳統中醫和現代西醫做一初步的評價。由於醫學的內在目的在於防治疾病、維護健康，而不是追求真理、認識世界，因而中醫與西醫都可以發揮作用，現代化研究與傳統式探索也可以並行不諱，只要有助於醫學的目的即可。此外，西方醫學從傳統走向現代的過程，乃是從重視病人的親身感受轉向注重病理解剖事實的過程，而中醫學體系提供了一種不同的臨床現象學。最後，醫學是負荷看價值和意識形態的人類活動，應當超越當前的技術烏托邦傾向，成為良好生活方式的一個和諧部分。The contemporary world is characteristic of science-fetishism and technological utopia. Every social issue is explored in the name of science, and all difficult problems are to be resolved by renovated technologies. This is even more so in modern China than in the West. The people attempt to modernize their lives in all respects. For many of them, everything old needs to be weighed on a modern scientific scale and anything unscientific must be rejected. This constitutes the context in which traditional Chinese medicine is generally evaluated. This essay argues that this context is misleading. It intends to reevaluate traditional Chinese versus modern Western medicine in consideration of the internal aim of medicine, patients, experiences, and ideologies and values.There has been a long-standing debate in China in this century regarding whether or not traditional Chinese medicine is a science. Both sides of the debate, ironically, agree that if traditional Chinese medicine is not a science, it should be abandoned. However, this debate is non-sensical. Medicine as medicine, whether it is a traditional medicine or a modern medicine, is not a science. Medicine is not a science because its internal aim differs from the aim of science. While the internal aim of science can be identified as pursuing truth and knowing the world, the internal aim of medicine consists in maintaining health as well as treating and preventing diseases. Undoubtedly, modern Western medicine is scientific. Its theories and practices are based upon typical modern sciences such as physics, chemistry and biology. But medicine as medicine does not have to be scientific. Given the internal aim of medicine, as long as a practice or method contributes to the treatment of disease or the promotion of health, it is legitimate. The existence of varieties of non-scientific alternative medicine and faith medicine in the US where modern science and technology are most advanced, is a good example of this. To put it in a famous Chinese saying, "whether it is a white cat or a black cat, as long as it catchesthe mouse, it is a good cat."No one can deny the tremendous achievements that modern scientific medicine has made in fighting diseases. However, focused on a technologized anatomico-pathologic view of the body and diseases, contemporary medicine discounts the significance of patient complaints and it is naturally easy to lose sight of the non-technological aspects of medical practice, especially the experience of the sick person. Traditional Chinese medical theory and practice provide a heuristic alternative. By viewing the essence of illness as symptom-complex rather than anatomico-pathological lesion, by identifying imbalanced climate and emotional factors rather than disease entities as the sources of illnesses, by using ordinary contacts rather than complicated lab and mechanical investigations as medical examining tools, by focusing on the experience of being sick rather than on pathological anatomy, by following balancing rather than curing as the treatment principle, and by emphasizing prevention rather than treatment, traditionalChinese medicine offers a systematic medical phenomenological system in which a patient’s life experience and intuitive knowledge of the body is the center of clinical practice.Finally, medical theory and practice are value-laden. "Our ideologies and expectations concerning the world move us to select certain states as illnesses because of our judgment as to what is dysfunctional or a deformity and to select certain causal sequences,etiological patterns, as being of interest to us because they are bound to groups of phenomena we identify as illnesses" (Engelhardt). Our ideologies and expectations also move us to select certain modes of medicine and therapeutic methods as most useful and promising because of our judgments about the appropriateness and efficacy of practical instruments. Accordingly, practicing and accepting medicine is part of a way of life. As people accept different value systems and life expectations, they must be careful about what medicine and technology they want to accept and develop. We must reflect on the contemporary ideology of technological utopia that intends to resolve all problems by newly developed complicated technologies. Not all conflicts and tensions of life can be resolved by technologies. What is worse, the overwhelmingly powerful incentive to develop high tech medicine in the third-world countries would drain on their scarce health care resources, which would significantly harm most people in those countries.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 15 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

scholarly journals 試論針灸學現代化研究的成就

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Shaozong CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Structure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
New Thought ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Special Points

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.本文簡要介紹針灸學現代化研究的三個成就：交叉學科全息生物醫學、現代時間針失學和現代針灸學的產生；針刺信號的傳導通路和針刺鎮痛的生理學基礎；經終實質的重新認識。在此基礎上，本文對相關的理論探索和發展進行討論和評價。This essay introduces and assesses some major achievements that have been made in scientific research concerning modernizing acupuncture, a main discipline of traditional Chinese medicine. These achievements include the development of interdisciplinary subjects such as holographic bio-medicine, modern tempera-acupuncture, and modern acupuncture; the account of the propagating route of the signs caused by acupunctural stimulates and the physiological basis for acupunctural analgesia; and the new thought on the essence of jingluo (channel).There are some special acupunctural points in the body, such as the points in the ear, hand, and foot, which cannot be accounted for through the traditional Chinese medical theories. Unlike general acupunctural points, these special points in a particular location (like the ear) reflect the situation of the whole body. They are like miniature of the body. Only the new theory of holographic bio-medicine can appropriately account for physiological and pathological phenomena of these special points. Moreover, it has long been found that stimulating the same points at different time of the day generates different effects. This fact is also confirmed by contemporary research. The development of modern tempera-acupuncture attempts to discover rules in employing acupunctural treatment to the patient in the best time.For many years Chinese researchers have been trying to find a basic anatomical structure for acupunctural channels. They had confidence in the belief that "structure determines function." For them, this means that if there is a particular function, there must be a specific structure "behind" it to make this function possible. However, the series of efforts in disclosing a specific structure for the channel have failed one after another. The failure indicates the defect of the claim that a particular structure determines a particular function. From an epistemic perspective, it may well be the case that function suggests structure. The channel system in traditional Chinese medicine may be a supra-anatomical structure; in other words, it is not sustained directly by any particular anatomical structure, but by a network of the whole body in relation to a number of anatomical aspects.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 31 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

scholarly journals Acupuncture Application in Seconder amenorrhea Obese female Patient

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Hayriye Alp
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secondary Amenorrhea ◽  
Balance Problem ◽  
The Third ◽  
Obese Female

Obesity is a disease caused by excessive fat storage in the body. It is an energy balance problem. Obesity can prepare the ground for many diseases. Secondary amenorrhea is the condition of not having menstruation for 6 months. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, it is thought to be caused by Qi and blood deficiency. The 43-year-old nurse applied due to obesity, inability to have menstruation, edema and nodules in goiter. TSH was 4.25, T3 2.87, T4 1.07mU/L. The 78.6 kg 150cm tall TA was 100/70 mmHg.Ten sessions of acupuncture were performed. Yin-tan, DU-20,21, LU-9, H-7, PC-6, SI-3, ST-24,25, REN-7,9, KID-3-6, SP -6.9 uterus, zero, jerome, shen-men hunger, kidney, points were pinned with disposable acupuncture needles. The patient, whose edema was resolved in the second session, started to have menstruation in the third session and lost 9kg in total. The patient had regular periods during the 1-year follow-up. TSH fell to 3.18mU/L.

scholarly journals Spirituality in Medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Aung
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Qi Gong ◽  
Healing Journey ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Spirituality In Medicine

Objectives: Spirituality is a vital component of whole person care; healing always involves body, mind, and spirit. We can anticipate the resolution of health problems holistically by providing correct physical, mental, and spiritual alignment to our dear patients. Alignment is accomplished both through the patients’ awareness of relaxation and self-care, and the harmonization and purification of the healing energy of the practitioner. Therefore, the patient and practitioner engage upon a healing journey through spiritual connection that vitalizes the process of medicine.Methods: Traditional Chinese Medicine has employed a physical, mental, and spiritual approach for thousands of years. Enhancing spirituality in medicine involved strengthening exercises of the body, mind, and spirit. Patients are encouraged to increase their awareness of themselves on each level. Practitioners should learn to cultivate positive healing energy that will enhance their medical practice. Qi Gong posture, breathing, phonation, and visualization exercises will be demonstrated to introduce Traditional Chinese Medical philosophy and practice.Results: Session participants will receive a general orientation to Traditional Chinese Medicine and learn specific skills in Qi Gong. Patients will learn greater attention to physical, mental, and spiritual alignment. Practitioners will learn to engage themselves for whole person healing, by understanding the relationship between patient and the practitioner.Conclusions: Spirituality is vitally important in medicine to enhance the quality of both its preventive and healing aspects. Treatment is a two way relationship. Practitioners must treat patients with good intentions. Patients must prepare for a healing process that engages them on the physical, mental, and spiritual levels. Practitioners and patients, therefore, must work hand in hand, heart to heart, towards the goal of health and well-being.

scholarly journals Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Traceability System Based on Lightweight Blockchain (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengfei Wang ◽  
Lai Wang ◽  
Fu'an Xiao Xiao ◽  
Qingsong Chen ◽  
Liming Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Information Leakage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Traditional Drug ◽  
Block Chain

UNSTRUCTURED Recently, the problem of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) safety has attracted the whole society’s attention. In order to prevent fake drugs from spread, it is necessary to establish drug traceability system. The traditional drug traceability system can record the whole circulation process of drugs from planting, production, processing and warehousing from hospitals to patients. Once fake drugs are found, they can be traced back to the source. However, there are some drawbacks in the traditional drug traceability system, such as failing to prevent tampering and causing sensitive disclosure easily. Although blockchain (including Bitcoin and Ethernet Square) is an effective technology to solve traditional drug traceability system’s problems. However, some risks makes it less reliable for blockchain such as information explosion, sensitive information leakage and poor scalability. To avoid these application risks, we propose a kind of lightweight block chain framework.This framework performed both horizontal and vertical segmentations in designing the blocks, and provided effective strategies for both segmentions, respectively. For horizontal segmentation operations, the header and body of the blockchain are separated and stored in the blockchain, and the body is stored in the IPFS (Inter Planetary File System). For vertical segmentation operations, block chain is cut off according to time or size. For new blocks’ addition, miners only need to copy the latest part of the blockchain and append the tail and vertical segmentation of the block through the consensus mechanism. Our proposed framework could greatly reduce the size of the blockchain, and improve the verification efficiency. Experimental results show that the efficiency improves when a new block is added to the blockchain and conducting search compared with Ethernet.

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