Investigating Genetic Damage in Peripheral Lymphocytes of Radiation Workers at Al-Tuwaitha Site in Iraq Using Four Genetic End-Points

The present study aims to use the biological techniques in a genotoxicity assessment of DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of radiation workers at Al-Tuwaitha site due to decommissioning to radioactive contamination as a result of work during January 2010 to December 2011. The subjects were divided into two groups: (i) 85 workers from radiation workers at Al-Tuwaitha site; (ii) 50 controls were matched non-smoking and no alcohol drink. Fresh blood samples were collected from the workers and controls. Four genetic parameter were studied using the micronucleus (MN) test, nuclear division index (NDI) test, the comet assay and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) mutation assay. The results of the MN test showed that the average of MN per cell (Mean ± SE) in workers were 0.025 ± 0.0016 MN/ cells, which were significantly higher than those 0.010 ± 0.0006 MN/ cells in controls P< 0.01. While, the results of NDI test the average of NDI (Mean ± SE) in workers were 1.154 ± 0.0089 when compared with the control 1.322 ± 0.0117, which were significant increase p<0.01. It was found in the comet assay that the mean tail length (Mean ± SE) of radiation workers and controls were 17.69 ± 0.23 µm and 14.05 ± 0.13 µm, respectively. There was a significant difference between radiation workers and controls for mean tail length P < 0.01, but the difference between the mean tail moment (Mean ± SE) 14.22 ±0.21 of workers and mean tail moment 12.96± 0.15 of controls was not significant P> 0.01. Mean while, the results of the average of mutation frequency for HPRT were no significant differences rate for radiation workers compared with the control group P> 0.01. In conclusion, the results of our experiment suggest that the accumulation of genetic damage is detectable in peripheral lymphocytes of radiation workers at Al-Tuwaitha site. Also, the current results of frequency MN and NDI within of normal values according of the technical report of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) No. 405, 2001.

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Effect of Imidocarb Application on Oxidative DNA Damage Caused by Anaplasmosis

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v9i12.2308-2311.4754 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 2308-2311

Author(s):

Ahmet Cihat Öner ◽

Adnan Ayan

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Dna Fragmentation ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Tail Length ◽

Assay Method ◽

Control Group ◽

Tail Moment ◽

Before And After

This study was aimed to evaluate DNA fragmentation by using Comet assay in naturally infected sheep with Anaplasmosis before and after treatment with the Comet method, which shows DNA damage specifically. In the study, blood samples were collected from 10 Anaplosmosis infected and 10 healthy sheep. The anaplosmosis was diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms. The infection was confirmed by Giemsa staining. The blood was collected from control group and infected group before and after the treatment, from the vena jugularis with the appropriate method. The DNA fragmentation was checked by using the Comet assay of blood cells. The data were analysed throught ANNOVA one-way. The result showed higher DNA fragmentation in sick animals diagnosed with anaplasmosis; tail length and tail moment values were found to be statistically significantly higher than the control group. When the data obtained after imidocarb (IMD) application were compared with obtained during the disease, a decreased DNA damage and tail moment was determined, however, these values higher than control. In this study, DNA damage and the extent of this damage were investigated by the Comet assay method using a healthy control group before and after treatment in animals with Anaplasmosis. When the findings obtained from the study were evaluated, it was seen that Anaplasma agents caused DNA damage and with the imidocarb application given for treatment, DNA damage was reduced and results close to healthy individuals were obtained.

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Assessment of Cytogenetic Damage and Cholinesterases’ Activity in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Pesticides in Zamora-Jacona, Michoacan, Mexico

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126269 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6269

Author(s):

Rafael Valencia-Quintana ◽

Rosa María López-Durán ◽

Mirta Milić ◽

Stefano Bonassi ◽

Ma. Antonieta Ochoa-Ocaña ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Pesticide Exposure ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Tail Length ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Control Group ◽

Tail Moment ◽

Cholinesterase Activities

Pesticides have been considered as potential chemical mutagens; however, little is known about toxic and genotoxic effects during pesticide application in Zamora-Jacona, Michoacan State in Mexico. This study sought to determine DNA damage and cholinesterase activities inhibitions in 54 agricultural workers exposed to complex mixtures of pesticides vs. control group (26 individuals) using Comet assay in peripheral whole blood, micronucleus (MN) test in oral mucosa cells, Cytokinesis-blocked MN assay in lymphocytes (L-CBMNcyt) and measuring AChE and BChE activities in whole blood and plasma samples, respectively. Exposed subjects demonstrated significantly elevated levels of primary (Comet assay: tail intensity, tail length, tail moment, Olive tail moment) and permanent DNA damage (MN assay: in blood/buccal cells; frequencies of nuclear buds, binucleated cells, cells with condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis). However, inhibition of cholinesterase activities (AChE and BChE) was not observed in the workers. Confounding factors including sex, age, BMI, working exposure period, protection level, smoking habit (cigarettes per day units), alcohol consumption (weekly), medication, were considered in the analysis. These combined techniques demonstrated usefulness in the health hazards risks pesticide exposure assessment and suggested the need for periodic monitoring together with the education and the training of occupational workers for the safe application of potentially harmful pesticides.

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Leucocytes DNA damage in mice exposed to JS-118 by the comet assay

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327110388960 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (9) ◽

pp. 1297-1302

Author(s):

Tao Zhang ◽

Jiye Hu ◽

Yuchao Zhang ◽

Qianfei Zhao ◽

Jun Ning

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Tail Length ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Alkaline Comet Assay ◽

Genetic Damage ◽

Comet Tail ◽

The Mean

JS-118 is an extensively used insecticide in China. The present study investigated the genotoxic effect of JS-118 on whole blood at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h by using alkaline comet assay. Male Kunming mice were given 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg BW of JS-118 intraperitoneally. A statistically significant increase in all comet parameters indicating DNA damage was observed at 24 h post-treatment ( p < 0.05). A clear concentration-dependent increase of DNA damage was revealed as evident by the OTM (arbitrary units), tail length (µm) and tail DNA (%). From 48 h post-treatment, a gradual decrease in mean comet parameters was noted. By 96 h of post-treatment, the mean comet tail length reached control levels indicating repair of damaged DNA. This study on mice showed different DNA damage depending on the concentration of JS-118 and the period of treatment. The present study provided further information of the potential risk of the genetic damage caused by JS-118.

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Degree of genetic homozygosity among patients with spinal dysraphia

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh0810519c ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 136 (9-10) ◽

pp. 519-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Suzana Cvjeticanin ◽

Dejan Nikolic ◽

Ivana Petronic ◽

Biljana Jekic ◽

Tatjana Damnjanovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Genetic ◽

Genetic Parameter ◽

Control Group ◽

Population Genetic Study ◽

Human Chromosomes ◽

Test Results ◽

Mean Values ◽

Population Genetic Parameter ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

INTRODUCTION Our study of genetic homozygosity degree includes an analysis of the presence, distribution and individual combination of 15 selected genetically controlled morphophysiological traits in the sample of patients with spinal dysraphia (N=35) and in the control-healthy group (N=50). OBJECTIVE Assuming that spinal dysraphia is a genetically controlled disease, we made a hypothesis that an increased homozygosity level, as well as the changed variability among patients, could be a population-genetic parameter for the prediction of the illness. METHOD Taking into consideration our experience, as well as the experience of numerous scientists who studied the nature of the inheritance of monoand oligo-genically controlled qualitative traits, we applied a methodology to estimate the proportion of such homozygously recessive characters (HRC-test,). RESULTS This population-genetic study did not only show a statistically significant difference of the mean values of genetic homozygosity (SD 4.8?0.3; control 3.5?0.3), but of the differences in the type of distribution too, as well as the differences in the presence of certain individual combinations of such traits. CONCLUSION Due to the fact that those genes which control such qualitative recessive traits are distributed in different human chromosomes, being their visible markers, this could indicate that degrees of genetic homozygosity are ostensibly greater in a sample of patients with spinal dysraphia compared to the control group of individuals.

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Occupational benzene exposure and the risk of genetic damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.10985/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yanhua Zhou ◽

Kun Wang ◽

Boshen Wang ◽

Yuepu Pu ◽

Juan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Damage Index ◽

Tail Length ◽

Control Group ◽

Tail Moment ◽

Genetic Damage ◽

China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Low Concentration ◽

Benzene Exposure ◽

Study Results

Abstract Background To systematically evaluate the influence of benzene exposure on the genetic damage index of workers, and to explore the influence of low concentration benzene exposure on workers’ genetic damage index using 3.25mg/m3 as the boundary value, in order to provide a basis for improved prevention and control of the harm from benzene exposure to the occupational population. Methods We conducted a search of five databases, including Pub Med, Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Wan Fang Data and Chongqing VIP, to identify relevant articles up to December 25, 2018. Two researchers independently extracted and carefully evaluated the data according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the literature. The imported articles were managed by Endnote X7, and the data were extracted and sorted by Excel 2013. We utilized Stata 12.0 software to perform the meta-analysis in the present study. Results A total of 68 eligible articles were finally included for the synthetic analyses. The meta-analysis results showed that occupational benzene exposure led to significantly increased Micronucleus (MN) frequency, Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency, Chromosome aberration (CA) frequency, Olive Tail moment (OTM), Tail moment (TM), Tail length (TL), and Tail DNA% (T DNA%) compared to the control group (P < 0.05), and the pooled effect value estimates were 1.36, 0.98, 0.76, 1.06, 0.96, 1.78, and 1.42, respectively. Subsequent analysis of the effect of low concentration benzene exposure on genetic damage found significantly increased MN frequency increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Occupational benzene exposure can affect multiple genetic damage indicators. Even at an exposure concentration lower than 3.25mg/m3, benzene exposure has genotoxicity. These data provide an important scientific basis for the further revision of occupational disease prevention strategies in China. At the same time, increased attention should be focused on the health monitoring of the occupational population exposed to benzene, and health management should be strengthened to improve the health of the occupational population.

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Evaluation of Genetic Damage in Oreochromis mossambicus Exposed to Selected Nanoparticles by Using Micronucleus and Comet Bioassays

Croatian Journal of Fisheries ◽

10.2478/cjf-2018-0015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 115-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Puthan Variyam Vidya ◽

Kumari Chidambaran Chitra

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Tail Length ◽

Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽

Control Group ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Genetic Damage ◽

Sublethal Concentrations

Abstract The purpose of the present study is to extend knowledge on the adverse effects of nanoparticles by evaluating genotoxicity as environmental risk assessment in Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of the selected nanoparticles, namely silicon dioxide (SiO2NPs-12mg/L), aluminium oxide (Al2O3NPs-4mg/L), titanium dioxide (TiO2NPs-16.4mg/L) and iron oxide (Fe3O4NPs-15mg/L) for short-term (24, 72 and 96 h) and long-term durations (15, 30 and 60 days). Genetic damages such as cytoplasmic, nuclear and DNA damage were measured in the erythrocytes of fish by using standard genotoxicity tests such as micronucleus test and comet assay. The frequencies of micronuclei along with nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities were scored and compared with the control group. The intensity of micronuclei along with other nuclear and cytoplasmic anomalies are found to be increased significantly (p<0.05) in time-dependent manner in all exposure groups when compared to the control group, thereby indicating chromosomal damage as a result of contact with nanoparticles. The tail length and percent of tail DNA within the comet significantly (p<0.05) increased in time-dependant manner after exposure to all nanoparticles, demonstrating an increase in DNA damage. Taken together, by using micronucleus test and comet assay, it is evident that the selected nanoparticles at sublethal concentrations induced genetic damage in Oreochromis mossambicus.

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Assessment of Antioxidant Effect of Beta-Glucan on the Whole Blood Oxidative DNA Damage with the Comet Assay in Colorectal Cancer

Current Molecular Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1874467214666210219145445 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Necla Benlier ◽

Nilay Uçar ◽

Eda Öğüt ◽

Havva Yeşil Çinkir ◽

Mustafa Yildirim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

Tail Length ◽

Antioxidant Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Tail Moment ◽

Beta Glucan

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant effect of beta glucan on oxidative DNA damage by comet assay. Methods: A total of 19 adult females and males diagnosed with stage 3-4 colorectal cancer and a control group of 20 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Blood samples of the participants were analyzed using Comet Assay for the parameters of DNA damage. Results: Significantly increased DNA damage was observed in patients versus control group as indicated by greater values of tail moment, tail percent DNA and tail length. Following incubation with β-glucan, a substantial reduction was found in the aforementioned parameters of DNA damage. Comet assay revealed significant levels of endogenous DNA damage in patients as shown by remarkable increases in the tail moment, the percentage of DNA in the tail and the tail length values, in comparison with the control group. Following treatment of fresh whole blood with β-glucan incubation, DNA damages were significantly reduced but lower values were observed after β-glucan incubation in the patient group versus control group. Conclusion: β-Glucan was found to reduce DNA damage substantially in colorectal cancer patients and show antimutagenic effects. Our results suggested that dietary β-glucan intake might be important in the genesis of colorectal cancer tumors.

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DNA damage in buccal cells in oral PMDs and malignant disorders by comet assay

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8657249 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. e191430

Author(s):

Garima Rawat ◽

Aadithya B Urs ◽

Anita Chakravarti ◽

Priya Kumar

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽

Tail Length ◽

Buccal Cells ◽

Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Potentially Malignant ◽

The Mean

Aim: DNA damage associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) is produced due to carcinogenic agents or increased oxidative stress. Comet assay can assist in early detection and evaluation of the amount of DNA damage; lymphocytesare the most commonly used cells for performing comet assay. Utilisation of buccal epithelial cells in comet assay can be a minimally invasive and rapid method. The present study compared the efficacy of comet assay in assessing DNA damage in buccal cells over peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) in oral potentially malignant and malignant disorders. Methods: The study included fifty five patients each of Leukoplakia, Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) and OSCC along with fifty five healthy individuals as control. Buccal epithelial cells were collected from all the selected subjects. DNA damage was evaluated bymeasuring the mean tail length (µm). Results: A significantly increased mean tail length (µm) and higher DNA damage were found in OSCC (26.1096 + 1.84355) and there was a progressive stepwise increase in mean tail length from control(8.4982 + 0.93307) to PMD [leukoplakia (14.6105 + 0.71857); OSMF (12.5009 + 1.12694)] to OSCC.The mean tail length in different habit groups was greater than controls, though no significant difference was noted between habit groups. The mean tail length of buccal cells was significantly greater than the mean tail length of PBLs in all study groups and controls. Conclusion: Hence, use of comet assay on buccal epithelial cells can prove to be beneficiary for evaluation of DNA damage.

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Occupational benzene exposure and the risk of genetic damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.10985/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yanhua Zhou ◽

Kun Wang ◽

Boshen Wang ◽

Yuepu Pu ◽

Juan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Damage Index ◽

Tail Length ◽

Control Group ◽

Tail Moment ◽

Genetic Damage ◽

China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Low Concentration ◽

Benzene Exposure ◽

Study Results

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Determination some Immunological Aspects in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Qadisiyah Province

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.v9i2.13632 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Syoof Khowman Alramahy ◽

Akram Hadi Hamza

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Positive Culture ◽

Control Group ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lowenstein Jensen ◽

The Mean ◽

Igg Level

This study was carried out to study of some immunological aspects among the pulmonary Tuberculosis patients infected with causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A Total of 200 sputum samples were collected from patients attending the consultant Clinic for Chest and Respiratory disease center, Diwaniya. Control group (No=15) also included. According to acid fast stain of sputum, the patients were classified as positive (No=91,45.5%) and negative (No=109,54.5, Lowenstein Jensen medium used for the cultivation of samples, on which 70% of sputum samples where positive culture for this microorganism. The grown microorganism were identified as M. tuberculosis, based on positive A.F.B, Niacin producers ,negative for catlase at 68c. The mean IgG level was l184.053±76.684 mg/100 ml in tuberculosis group compared with 1016.533 ± 44.882 mg/100ml in control group, rendering the statistical difference significant. For IgA and IgM levels, they were at mean of 315.880±38.552 mg/100 ml and 119.527±8.464 mg/100 ml in control group compared with 396.358±38.776 mg/100 ml and 134.207±11.696 mg/100 ml in patients group respectively with significant difference

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