scholarly journals Abolishing cash in Europe: the benefits and drawbacks of electronic transactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Grigorios Gikas ◽  
Alina Hyz ◽  
Periklis Tagkas
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Foreign Exchange Rate ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
European Economies ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Many proposals favouring cash abolition have emerged over the past few years. Their economic and social impact has not yet been analysed in depth. This paper aims to present the evolution of the means of payment during the last decades and to analyse the issue of cash abolition in European economies. The creation of a cashless economy would bring benefits, such as efficiency increase, as well as problems: the disturbance of money supply, instability of the foreign exchange rate, and so on. The paper discusses the reasons and arguments expressed by supporters and opponents of cash abolition and focuses on possible consequences, from the economic point of view. The advantages, disadvantages, benefits and costs associated with the possibility of removing cash from the economy are also described. Finally, a possible scenario for the future is analysed.

scholarly journals On BRT Spread around the World: Analysis of Some Particular Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Salvatore Trubia ◽  
Alessandro Severino ◽  
Salvatore Curto ◽  
Fabio Arena ◽  
Giovanni Pau
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Economic Point

The goal of civil engineering has always been the research and implementation of methods, technologies, and infrastructures to improve the community’s quality of life. One of the branches of civil engineering that has the strongest effect on progress is transport. The quality of transport has a profound economic and social impact on our communities regarding trade (freight transport) and city livability (public transport systems). However, innovation is not the only way to improve the features above-mentioned, especially public transport, considering that it is usually beneficial to enhance and repurpose vehicles with appropriate adjustments to offer more efficient services. Other perspectives that influence public transport systems are the costs and times of design and construction, maintenance, operating costs, and environmental impact, especially concerning CO2 emissions. Considering these issues, among the various types of existing public transport systems, those of the so-called Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) offer worthwhile results. The BRT system is a type of public road transport operated by bus on reserved lanes, and it is significantly profitable, especially from an economic point of view, in areas where there are existing bus routes. Nonetheless, for the construction of works minimization, it is closely linked to other features that improve its usefulness, depending on the vehicles’ quality such as capacity, but above all, the propulsion or driving autonomy that would guarantee high efficiency. This paper introduces an analysis of some BRT systems operating worldwide, presenting the background, general technical features, and the correlation with autonomous vehicles.

Experimental Investigations for Statistically Controlled Rapid Moulding Solution of Plastics Using Polyjet Printing

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Varinderjit Singh ◽  
Manohar Singh Saini
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Material ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Past ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Plastic Components ◽  
Polyjet Printing

Rapid prototyping (RP) has been in evidence for the past twenty years and is being widely used in diverse areas, from the building of aesthetic and functional prototypes to the production of tools and moulds for technological prototypes. The purpose of the present study is to experimentally investigate statistically controlled rapid moulding (RM) solutions for plastic components using polyjet printing (PP). Starting from the identification of component/benchmark, prototypes with three different type of plastic material were prepared, at different orientations. Measurements on the coordinate measuring machine helped in calculating the dimensional tolerances of the components prepared. Some important mechanical properties were also compared to verify the suitability of the components. The study highlighted the best orientation, support material quantity and type of plastic material for the selected component from dimensional accuracy and economic point of view as RM solution for plastic components. Final components prepared are acceptable as per ISO standard UNI EN 20286-I (1995). This process ensures rapid production of statistically controlled pre-series technological prototypes and proof of concept at less production cost and time.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL FIRE SAFETY OF EXISTING STEEL BUILDINGS, Possible general approach and application to the case of the intumescent coatings

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bilotta ◽  
Donatella De Silva ◽  
Emidio Nigro
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Intumescent Coatings

The fire safety of the existing structures is very important from the socio-economic point of view and has high social impact for civil, industrial, and commercial buildings. The verification of the minimum fire resistance of civil structures is done through some regulations, drafted to ensure occupant and rescue teams safety as well as a limited structural damage. These national fire rules are not always easily applicable to existing buildings. The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance about the structural analysis of existing buildings exposed to fire, with particular reference to steel buildings protected with intumescent coatings.

Strategies of Indian Firms in Coping With Forex Risk Management: An Inquiry Through Case-Research Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
P. Bala Bhaskaran ◽  
P. K. Priyan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Foreign Exchange Rate ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Case Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Exchange Rate Fluctuations ◽  
Generic Strategy

More and more Indian firms are becoming global in their operations - through exports and imports, by setting up manufacturing plants abroad and through joint-ventures and tie-ups. In this process most of them are dealing with multiple currencies. This has increased the overall exposure of Indian firms to foreign exchange-rate fluctuations. How have they been coping with the risk associated with the exchange-rate fluctuations? In order to explore this, the authors have engaged the case-research method. The authors studied 64 cases for this purpose. Of these 27, firms have been handling forex exposure and/or have had at least one near-crisis situation in the past. The remaining 37 cases are Indian firms from sectors like Textiles, IT, Gems and Jewelry, Pharma, Engineering, FMCG and Energy. The study focused on the context of these firms, their business model, the sources of forex exposure and the policies and practices of managing forex exposure risk. The authors have tried to identify the basic factors underlying the forex exposure and to identify patterns, if any, in the coping-strategy. They conclude that the insights would help formulate a generic strategy.

American Political Thought and the American Revolution

1952 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Hartz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
American Political Thought ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Democratic Revolution

“The great advantage of the American,” Tocqueville once wrote, “is that he has arrived at a state of democracy without having to endure a democratic revolution….” Fundamental as this insight is, we have not remembered Tocqueville for it, and the reason is rather difficult to explain. Perhaps it is because, fearing revolution in the present, we like to think of it in the past, and we are reluctant to concede that its romance has been missing from our lives. Perhaps it is because the plain evidence of the American revolution of 1776, especially the evidence of its social impact that our newer historians have collected, has made the comment of Tocqueville seem thoroughly enigmatic. But in the last analysis, of course, the question of its validity is a question of perspective. Tocqueville was writing with the great revolutions of Europe in mind, and from that point of view the outstanding thing about the American effort of 1776 was bound to be, not the freedom to which it led, but the established feudal structure it did not have to destroy. He was writing too, as no French liberal of the nineteenth century could fail to write, with the shattered hopes of the Enlightenment in mind. The American revolution had been one of the greatest of them all, a precedent constantly appealed to in 1793.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance in Livestock Breeding: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
K. Laloučková ◽  
E. Skřivanová
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Past ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Abstract Antibiotic resistance represents a serious threat worldwide. When considering the increasing ability of bacteria to effectively resist antibacterial agents, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of antibiotic substances in animal production in order to preserve their effectiveness in the future. Attention should be paid to the multidrug resistant microorganisms’ occurrence, which can be very exhausting for the breeder not only from the economic point of view. Therefore, alternative sources of antibacterials should be considered due to the limited possibilities of using conventional antibiotics in animal breeding, e.g. application of various substances including organic acids, clay minerals, etc. Nowadays, the research in this field also focuses on the combinatory effect of such compounds, which can also find the perspective for use in animal breeding. This article provides an overview of problems connected with the resistance of diverse bacteria to antibiotic treatment in livestock breeding. It emphasises the need for alternate resources usage with the aim to lower the environmental burden caused by overuse of antimicrobials used in subclinical doses in the past and with the expanding bacterial resistance.

Pengaruh Makroekonomi dan Indeks Global terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan Selama Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Algia Artha ◽  
R.A. Sista Paramita
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Index Set ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Stock Price Index

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many sectors, one of which is the capital market. The Coronavirus has claimed lives and can shake the order of life of a country. From an economic point of view, almost all countries experience a recession, a reduction in economic activity, increased unemployment, and a decline in people's purchasing power. This research examines the effect of the BI interest rate, exchange rate, inflation, SSEC index, KLSE index, SET index, and DJIA index on the Composite Stock Price Index. The research population is daily data during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia from March 2020 to November 2020. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The number of samples is 111 data. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression with IBM SPSS 25 software tools. The results show that the rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar has a negative effect and the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange has a positive effect on the Composite Stock Price Index, while the BI interest rate, inflation, SSEC index, the SET index and the DJIA index have no impact on the Composite Stock Price Index. However, all independent variables simultaneously affect the Composite Stock Price Index.

The Eradication of Bovine Tuberculosis

1951 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-396
Author(s):  
E.R. Callender
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bonus Payments ◽  
Area Basis ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
To Come

The desirability of eradicating bovine tuberculosis from the herds of this country is discussed both from a public health and an economic point of view. Steps taken over the past few years to achieve this end are indicated and some explanation for the apparently slow progress sought. The progress made under the Tuberculosis (Attested Herds) Scheme is reviewed and the proposed steps to be taken in the final stage of the campaign against this disease are discussed. It is of course highly desirable that the programme should interfere as little as possible with the necessary normal movement of animals which takes place throughout the country, and this fact has been kept in mind when framing the necessary proposals. Both the milk producer and the stock rearer have been offered financial inducement, in the way of bonus payments, to eradicate tuberculosis from their herds voluntarily under the Tuberculosis (Attested Herds) Scheme, I950. This scheme is discussed in some detail in view of its importance in the campaign for some years to come, and the lines along which it is proposed to proceed wtih eradication on an area basis are indicated.

scholarly journals The Rising of Fintech - How the Tech Revolution in Financial Services Represents A Paradigm Shift

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
International Interaction ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Globalized World

Finance is a field that shapes human relations not only from a purely economic point of view, but also has a strong influence on social structure, community development, prosperity, political or international interaction, which is even more relevant in a hyper-globalized world. The transformations began with the rising of the internet some decades ago and accelerated due to recent changes, such as increased computing power, the usage of financial apps etc. The scope of this paper is to present a short literature overview about the disruption brought in the finance sector by the recent technology developments. In addition to understand that technology is synonymous with innovation this paper shows examples of innovation drivers (including products and services). Finally, this paper highlights the long-term impact on social and geopolitical grounds with shifting power equilibriums, like the loosing banking monopoly of finances in favour of tech giants GAFA (Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple) or the recent announcements of global and official cryptocurrencies, e.g. LIBRA by Facebook or CBDC (Central Banks Digital Currencies) from China government. The main findings of this paper are that FinTech has the chance to revolutionize the financial sector because it is more than just payment, new players (BigTech) could enter into the traditional banking sector and rise a new form of competition and FinTech has social impact on financial inclusion and financial literacy. Keywords: Technology, Management, FinTech, Tech Innovation, Financial Technology

scholarly journals Gold Price and Exchange Rate Volatility: Effects of Economic Sanctions

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Bita Mashayekhi ◽  
Mehrdad Sadr Ara ◽  
Ashraf Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rate Volatility ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Gold Price ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Rate ◽  
Gold Market ◽  
Official Rate

The gold market has recently attracted much attention and gold prices have fluctuated over the past few years. Therefore, the aim of this study is investigate and analyze the trend of gold prices over the past five years in Iran. The importance of this topic is coming from uncertainty and volatility of the gold market, gold excitement and lack of a correct analysis of the market trends with reference to the probable factors which affect the gold price. The studys period refers to the ended five-year in December 2012. This research from methodological point of view is a descriptive-perspective analysis that examines the influence of variables such as the gold price on the market, the official exchange rate and non-official rate on the Irans market, the price of Brent crude oil, the global rate per ounce gold and foreign economic sanction. Vector auto regression model is used to analyze the results of the study. The results indicate that gold price is affected from exchange rates fluctuations and gold global rate, it is also noteworthy to mention that the most important factors affecting the recent volatility in the Irans gold market and the exchange rate is the economic sanctions which have been imposed against Iran.

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