scholarly journals On BRT Spread around the World: Analysis of Some Particular Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Salvatore Trubia ◽  
Alessandro Severino ◽  
Salvatore Curto ◽  
Fabio Arena ◽  
Giovanni Pau
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Economic Point

The goal of civil engineering has always been the research and implementation of methods, technologies, and infrastructures to improve the community’s quality of life. One of the branches of civil engineering that has the strongest effect on progress is transport. The quality of transport has a profound economic and social impact on our communities regarding trade (freight transport) and city livability (public transport systems). However, innovation is not the only way to improve the features above-mentioned, especially public transport, considering that it is usually beneficial to enhance and repurpose vehicles with appropriate adjustments to offer more efficient services. Other perspectives that influence public transport systems are the costs and times of design and construction, maintenance, operating costs, and environmental impact, especially concerning CO2 emissions. Considering these issues, among the various types of existing public transport systems, those of the so-called Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) offer worthwhile results. The BRT system is a type of public road transport operated by bus on reserved lanes, and it is significantly profitable, especially from an economic point of view, in areas where there are existing bus routes. Nonetheless, for the construction of works minimization, it is closely linked to other features that improve its usefulness, depending on the vehicles’ quality such as capacity, but above all, the propulsion or driving autonomy that would guarantee high efficiency. This paper introduces an analysis of some BRT systems operating worldwide, presenting the background, general technical features, and the correlation with autonomous vehicles.

scholarly journals USING THE METHOD OF SEQUENTIAL RESTRICTIONS FOR SOLVING A DUAL-OBJECTIVE PROBLEM OF PRODUCTION PLANNING

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Dovha ◽  
◽  
Hryhorii Tsehelyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Production Plan ◽  
Optimal Production ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Maximum Profit

The processes of optimization of the production plan according to certain criteria by modeling were investigated. Achieving effective results directly depends on the optimal production plan. The most important thing in determining the optimal production plan is the choice of modeling criteria. For the most part, the quality of decisions is characterized not by one but by many incomparable criteria. Therefore, it is necessary to make decisions based not on one but on many criteria. This so-called multi-objective optimization problem. For solving such problems is widely used mathematical methods. Mathematical approach can be used to solve problems in any particular activity as mathematics abstracted from specific features characteristic of a particular solution. Therefore, from the point of view of mathematics, the optimal result can be obtained with various established criteria, but from the economic point of view it is important to choose the ones that are of decisive importance. That is, their weight is important for the consumer when making a purchase decision, and for the manufacturer – in terms of production capabilities of certain types and results (production efficiency). The basis of the operation of any enterprise is a production program (production and sales plan). The main task of the production plan is to meet the needs of consumers in high-quality products, which are produced with the best use of resources, on the one hand, and the enterprise to get the maximum profit, on the other. With this in mind, a two-criteria optimization model that allows to make a production plan was proposed. The plan ensures that products are produced with the best use of available resources and at the same time ensures maximum quality of manufactured products and maximum profit from sales of these products. The solution of the problem with two objective functions and linear constraints is achieved by step-by-step solution of the proposed mathematical model of optimization of the production plan using the method of sequential restrictions. The simplex method was also used. An example shows an algorithm for solving the optimization problem.

scholarly journals Quality of Bus Services Performance: Benefits of Real Time Passenger Information Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Monzon ◽  
Sara Hernandez ◽  
Rocio Cascajo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
The Public ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Bus Services

One of the main problems in urban areas is the steady growth in car ownership and traffic levels. Therefore, the challenge of sustainability is focused on a shift of the demand for mobility from cars to collective means of transport. For this purpose, buses are a key element of the public transport systems. In this respect Real Time Passenger Information (RTPI) systems help people change their travel behaviour towards more sustainable transport modes. This paper provides an assessment methodology which evaluates how RTPI systems improve the quality of bus services performance in two European cities, Madrid and Bremerhaven. In the case of Madrid, bus punctuality has increased by 3%. Regarding the travellers perception, Madrid raised its quality of service by 6% while Bremerhaven increased by 13%. On the other hand, the users´ perception of Public Transport (PT) image increased by 14%.

scholarly journals Effect of different staking methods and stem pruning on yield and quality of summer tomato

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-432
Author(s):  
MS Alam ◽  
N Islam ◽  
S Ahmad ◽  
MI Hossen ◽  
MR Islam
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Agriculture Research Institute

The study was carried out during summer of 2012 with BARI hybrid tomato 4, planted in the Olericulture farm of Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh to find out the response of plants to some staking and pruning treatments on yield, fruit quality and cost of production. A two factor experiment consisting of three staking methods and four level of pruning, laid out in complete block design with three repetitions. Plants were staked on inverted „V? shaped staking, high platform and string. The plants were pruned to two stem, three stem, four stem and no pruning as control. Results showed that significantly the highest total number of fruits per plant (37.1), marketable fruits per plant (33.7), yield per plant (1.68 kg) and total yield (44.6 t/ha) were produced by the plants having the treatment string staking with four stem. The highest fruit set (43.50%) was found in the plants staking with string having three stems. Plants grown on string staking allowing two stem gave the maximum length (4.71 cm), diameter (4.83 cm) and weight (53.4g) of single fruit as well as maximum fruit firmness (3.43 kg-f cm-2). From the economic point of view, it was apparent that summer tomato produced by string staking with four stem pruning exhibited better performance compared to other treatment combinations in relation to net return and BCR (2.10).Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(3): 419-432, September 2016

Quality Control and Testing of CIPP Liners

2014 ◽  
Vol 1044-1045 ◽  
pp. 1549-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otakar Cigler ◽  
Karel Kubečka ◽  
Petr Waldstein
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Very High

The construction and rehabilitation of buildings and structures are intervention in the environment of people. Therefore, we are always looking for new technologies that are not only environmentally friendly but also acceptable from the point of view. Speed, flexibility, minimum limit for residents and transport, and also a high efficiency is the reason why more and more in recent years carried out the rehabilitation of sewerage using remediation sleeves. One of the systems of trenchless rehabilitation of sewerage systems used in Western Europe is a system company RELINEEUROPE Alphaliner Liner GmBH & co., the company's Technicians have developed one of the most important practices in the area of trenchless rehabilitation of sewerage systems. A large proportion of the development also has operators and owners of the pipeline. Technology offers very high quality of carried out restorations. This article describes the procedures for ensuring the quality of the used in Germany, which is a world leader in the development, production and use of this technology.

Evaluation of a transportation system based on electric drive from cybersafety point of view

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Krawiec ◽  
Marcin Jacek Kłos ◽  
Sylwester Markusik ◽  
Aleksander Bułkowski
Keyword(s):  
Electric Drive ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transport Systems ◽  
External Interference ◽  
Intelligent Transport ◽  
System Protection ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Reliability Of Operation

The article presents threats related to broadly understood cybersecurity, encountered in modern public transport, especially in cases of increasingly introduced Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Experience to date has shown strong links between the technical sphere and IT system of public transport, ensuring its protection against unwanted externa l interference from people (or organizations) trying to disrupt its functioning. The following - inter alia - are of a key importance: the system of existing bus network as well as organization of bus work on routes (schedule) and its IT links, monitoring and system protection against external interference. The main goal of cybersecurity in public transport is to increase the level of cybersecurity in city agglomeration by increasing the availability of hardware and IT tools, included in intelligent transport systems, protecting safety and reliability of operation of public transport.

Perspectives and actions to improve water quality in European Union Member States

elni Review ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Guiseppe Sgorbati ◽  
Nicoletta Dotti
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Member States ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Quality Of Waters ◽  
Water Issues ◽  
European Union Member States

Although the European rules on water, which are mainly based on the Water Framework Directive (WFD 2000/60/EC), have been in force for many years, the quality of waters in Europe still have huge room for improvement before they can fulfil the objectives set by the WFD and by its “daughters Directive”. Two questions are key here: Are the European rules adequate for this challenging goal? If yes, are the rules applied homogeneously and correctly in European Union Countries or do many issues remain which prevent their full implementation? This article provides a broad overview of water issues in Europe, focusing on the level of fulfillment of requisites from EU legislation and the level of its implementation in Member States. This point of view has been adopted because an uneven implementation of EU laws prevents several European citizens from fulfillment of their right to a healthy environment and a good water resource quality and, furthermore, endangers the level playing field across Europe, from a social and economic point of view.

Rehabilitation of jacket offshore platforms using friction damper device and buckling restrained braces under extreme loads

2017 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Tabeshpour ◽  
Younes Komachi
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Friction Damper ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Extreme Loads ◽  
Buckling Restrained Braces ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Near Fault Earthquakes ◽  
Far Fault

Some existing platforms may have some problems with probable extreme future loads such as earthquake. From economic point of view, it is preferable to retrofit and continue using of existing jackets in many cases, in comparison to a new installation. Two efficient rehabilitation methods of friction damper device and buckling restrained braces are presented and investigated numerically for seismic loads from far-fault and near-fault earthquakes. As an example, an existing four-leg service platform placed in the Persian Gulf (Ressalat) is considered and the results are presented. Because of low redundancy in jacket platforms (after buckling of compression members), it is important to investigate the effect of friction damper device on the structural behavior. Buckling restrained braces solves the law redundancy because of no buckling and no decrease in strength. The results show the high efficiency of both methods in reducing structural responses and increasing seismic performance level. Such studies are very useful for many existing jacket platforms that their lifetime is to be extended.

Regional wastewater treatment–an economical solution? Data from 40 years of operation gives the answer

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
P. Balmér
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Regional Solutions

Economic data from 40 years of operation of three regional wastewater treatment companies have been compiled and analysed. The transport systems consist mainly of gravity flow tunnels with lengths of 55–120 km. In spite of the heavy initial investments <20% of the cumulative total costs can be allocated to the transport systems. The treatment plants all remove 90% or more of the influent Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and phosphorus and 65–80% of the nitrogen. The wastewater treatment is responsible for about 90% of the cumulative operation costs while the transport system is responsible for 20–40% of the cumulative capital costs. Over time the cost of the transport systems has decreased considerably and is after 40 years of operation only 4–13% of the total costs. Although the main benefit of the regional solutions has been the transfer of wastewater from sensitive inland streams and lakes, the data presented give strong evidence that the regional solutions also has been advantageous from an economic point of view.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL FIRE SAFETY OF EXISTING STEEL BUILDINGS, Possible general approach and application to the case of the intumescent coatings

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bilotta ◽  
Donatella De Silva ◽  
Emidio Nigro
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Intumescent Coatings

The fire safety of the existing structures is very important from the socio-economic point of view and has high social impact for civil, industrial, and commercial buildings. The verification of the minimum fire resistance of civil structures is done through some regulations, drafted to ensure occupant and rescue teams safety as well as a limited structural damage. These national fire rules are not always easily applicable to existing buildings. The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance about the structural analysis of existing buildings exposed to fire, with particular reference to steel buildings protected with intumescent coatings.

scholarly journals Quality of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings grown on substrates with decomposed babassu palm stem

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romário Martins Costa ◽  
Marcos Renan Lima Leite ◽  
Sâmia dos Santos Matos ◽  
Rayssa Carolinne Mouzinho de Sousa ◽  
Raissa Rachel Salustriano da Silva-Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Babassu Palm ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACT The use of pre-sprouted seedlings in the implantation of sugarcane crops not only reduces the establishment period and production costs, but also has other advantages, such as a lesser requirement of propagules (stems) and greater phytosanitary control of the seedlings, when compared to conventional planting. Commercial substrates are also expensive and their use increases the cost of seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of sugarcane pre-sprouted seedlings grown on substrates with different proportions of decomposed babassu palm stem (DBPS), as well as to recommend the substrate formulation that provides the most favorable environment for the growth and development of sugarcane pre-sprouted seedlings. For preparation of the substrate (S), DBPS and soil were used in the following proportions: S1: 0 % of DBPS + 100 % of soil; S2: 20 % of DBPS + 80 % of soil; S3: 40 % of DBPS + 60 % of soil; S4: 60 % of DBPS + 40 % of soil; S5: 80 % of DBPS + 20 % of soil; S6: 100 % of DBPS + 0 % of soil. The use of S2 and S3 considerably improved the seedling quality parameters, such as sprout diameter and length, number of leaves and total, shoot and root dry mass. However, from an economic point of view, S2 is recommended for use.

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