DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED MONITORING NETWORK FOR MEASURING SALINITY OF SEA WATER

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Sima Ajdar qizi Askerova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Integrated Monitoring ◽  
Ecological Control ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Optimal Construction

Monitoring of sea water condition is one of major requirements for carrying out the reliable ecological control of water environment. Monitoring networks contain such elements as sea buoys, beacons, etc. and are designated for measuringvarious hydrophysical parameters, including salinity of sea water. Development of specialized network and a separate buoy system for measuring thesea water salinity at different depths makes it possible to determine major regularities of processes of pollution and self-recovery of the sea waters. The article describes the scientific and methodological basics for development of this specialized network and questions of its optimal construction. It is well-known that at a depth of 30-45 m of the Caspian Sea salinity decreases and then at a depth of 45-60 m salinity is fully recovered. The mentioned changes of salinity at the relatively upper layer of sea waters is of special interest for studying the effect of ocean-going processes on the climate forming in the Caspian area. In terms of informativeness of measurements of surface waters salinity, the most informative is a layer ata 30-60 m depth, where inversion and recovery of salinity take place. It is shown that in most informative subrange of measurements, i. e. at a depth of 30-60 m optimization of regime of measurements complex should be carried out in order to increase the effectiveness of held researches. It is shown that at a depth of 35-50 m choice of the optimum regime of measurements makes it possible to obtain the maximum amount of information.

scholarly journals How to Implement User-Friendly BLMs in the Absence of DOC Monitoring Data: A Case Study on Bulgarian Surface Waters

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Tony Venelinov ◽  
Stefan Tsakovski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Biotic Ligand ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
User Friendly

The metal bioavailability concept is implemented in the Water Framework Directive (WFD) compliance assessment. The bioavailability assessment is usually performed by the application of user-friendly Biotic Ligand Models (BLMs), which require dissolved metal concentrations to be used with the “matching” data of the supporting physicochemical parameters of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), pH and Cadissolved. Many national surface water monitoring networks do not have sufficient matching data records, especially for DOC. In this study, different approaches for dealing with the missing DOC data are presented: substitution using historical data; the appropriate percentile of DOC concentrations; and combinations of the two. The applicability of the three following proposed substitution approaches is verified by comparison with the available matching data: (i) calculations from available TOC data; (ii) the 25th percentile of the joint Bulgarian monitoring network DOC data (measured and calculated by TOC); and (iii) the 25th percentile of the calculated DOC from the matching TOC data for the investigated surface water body (SWB). The application of user-friendly BLMs (BIO-MET, M-BAT and PNEC Pro) to 13 surface water bodies (3 reservoirs and 10 rivers) in the Bulgarian surface waters monitoring network outlines that the suitability of the substitution approaches decreases in order: DOC calculated by TOC > the use of the 25th percentile of the data for respective SWB > the use of the 25th percentile of the Bulgarian monitoring network data. Additionally, BIO-MET is the most appropriate tool for the bioavailability assessment of Cu, Zn and Pb in Bulgarian surface water bodies.

INFLUENCE OF OIL-CONTAINING INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER ON THE COASTAL WATERS OF THE CASPIAN SEA

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
L.S. Taizhanova ◽  
◽  
G.Zh. Kenzhetayev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Observation Wells ◽  
Area Monitoring

The article considers the influence of oil-containing wastewater generated from industrial enterprises located on the coast of the Caspian Sea, through underground drains on the groundwater and sea water of the Caspian Sea coast within the Mangistau region, the content of controlled pollutants in the studied samples is given. To determine the dynamics of changes in the level of harmful substances in underground and surface waters, 3 production facilities engaged in oil production and processing, located at different distances from the sea, were selected.Two of them are located on the seashore, one object is located 8 km from the Caspian Sea. In 3 studied objects, wastewater that has been treated is discharged into the reservoir. The work consisted in studying the production area, monitoring the level and temperature of underground and surface waters and conducting laboratory analysis of the content of polluting components in the water using marine stations and hydrogeological observation wells located in the study area. For marine waters in the vicinity of the Karazhanbas field was observed deviations from the concentrations of oil content and iron, the oscillation of the norm of certain substances in groundwater due to the fact that the underground water of the region in the area belong to the province of underground water with high concentration of heavy metals and organic substances and are of chloride-sulfate chemical composition.

Integrated monitoring network for the hazard assessment of slow-moving landslides at Moio della Civitella (Italy)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Di Martire ◽  
Massimo Ramondini ◽  
Domenico Calcaterra
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Integrated Monitoring ◽  
Slow Moving

MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION IN ENCLOSED COASTAL SEAS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keizo Negi ◽  
Keizo Negi ◽  
Takuya Ishikawa ◽  
Takuya Ishikawa ◽  
Kenichiro Iba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
View Point ◽  
High Concentration

Japan experienced serious water pollution during the period of high economic growth in 1960s. It was also the period that we had such damages to human health, fishery and living conditions due to red tide as much of chemicals, organic materials and the like flowing into the seas along the growing population and industries in the coastal areas. Notable in those days was the issues of environment conservation in the enclosed coastal seas where pollutants were prone to accumulate inside due to low level of water circulation, resulting in the issues including red tide and oxygen-deficient water mass. In responding to these issues, we implemented countermeasures like effluent control with the Water Pollution Control Law and improvement/expansion of sewage facilities. In the extensive enclosed coastal seas of Tokyo Bay, Ise Bay and the Seto Inland Sea, the three areas of high concentration of population, we implemented water quality total reduction in seven terms from 1979, reducing the total quantities of pollutant load of COD, TN and TP. Sea water quality hence has been on an improvement trend as a whole along the steady reduction of pollutants from the land. We however recognize that there are differences in improvement by sea area such as red tide and oxygen-deficient water mass continue to occur in some areas. Meanwhile, it has been pointed out that bio-diversity and bio-productivity should be secured through conservation/creation of tidal flats and seaweed beds in the view point of “Bountiful Sea” To work at these challenges, through the studies depending on the circumstances of the water environment in the enclosed coastal seas, we composed “The Policy of Desirable State of 8th TPLCS” in 2015. We have also added the sediment DO into the water quality standard related to the life-environmental items in view of the preservation of aquatic creatures in the enclosed water areas. Important from now on, along the Policy, is to proceed with necessary measures to improve water quality with good considerations of differences by area in the view point of “Beautiful and bountiful Sea”.

scholarly journals A New Automatic Monitoring Network of Surface Waters in Greece: Preliminary Data Quality Checks and Visualization

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Yiannis Panagopoulos ◽  
Anna Konstantinidou ◽  
Konstantinos Lazogiannis ◽  
Anastasios Papadopoulos ◽  
Elias Dimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Quality Checks

The monitoring of surface waters is of fundamental importance for their preservation under good quantitative and qualitative conditions, as it can facilitate the understanding of the actual status of water and indicate suitable management actions. Taking advantage of the experience gained from the coordination of the national water monitoring program in Greece and the available funding from two ongoing infrastructure projects, the Institute of Inland Waters of the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research has developed the first homogeneous real-time network of automatic water monitoring across many Greek rivers. In this paper, its installation and maintenance procedures are presented with emphasis on the data quality checks, based on values range and variability tests, before their online publication and dissemination to end-users. Preliminary analyses revealed that the water pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors and produced data need increased maintenance and quality checks respectively, compared to the more reliably recorded water stage, temperature (T) and electrical conductivity (EC). Moreover, the data dissemination platform and selected data visualization options are demonstrated and the need for both this platform and the monitoring network to be maintained and potentially expanded after the termination of the funding projects is highlighted.

National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Mojave Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Henderson ◽  
Vincent Santucci ◽  
Tim Connors ◽  
Justin Tweet
Keyword(s):  
Mojave Desert ◽  
National Park ◽  
National Park Service ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
The Public ◽  
Type Section ◽  
Park Service

A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities that may threaten or influence their stability and preservation. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) that represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. Mappable geologic units may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section or exposure area of the unit is designated as the type section or other category of stratotype (see “Definitions” below). The type section is an important reference exposure for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative example for this unit. Geologic stratotypes are important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future.. The inventory of all geologic stratotypes throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (e.g., geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (e.g., flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network-level activities such as inventory, monitoring, research, and data management. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory & Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic stratotypes within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the Mojave Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network (MOJN). The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic landmarks and geologic heritage resources. The review of stratotype occurrences for the MOJN shows there are currently no designated stratotypes for Joshua Tree National Park (JOTR) or Manzanar National Historic Site (MANZ); Death Valley...

Geostatistical screening of flood events in the groundwater levels of the diverted inner delta of the Danube River: implications for river bed clogging

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Trásy ◽  
Tamás Garamhegyi ◽  
Péter Laczkó-Dobos ◽  
József Kovács ◽  
István Gábor Hatvani
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Groundwater Monitoring ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Autocorrelation Structure

Abstract The efficient operation of shallow groundwater (SGW) monitoring networks is crucial to water supply, in-land water protection, agriculture and nature conservation. In the present study, the spatial representativity of such a monitoring network in an area that has been thoroughly impacted by anthropogenic activity (river diversion/damming) is assessed, namely the Szigetköz adjacent to the River Danube. The main aims were to assess the spatial representativity of the SGW monitoring network in different discharge scenarios, and investigate the directional characteristics of this representativity, i.e. establish whether geostatistical anisotropy is present, and investigate how this changes with flooding. After the subtraction of a spatial trend from the time series of 85 shallow groundwater monitoring wells tracking flood events from 2006, 2009 and 2013, variography was conducted on the residuals, and the degree of anisotropy was assessed to explore the spatial autocorrelation structure of the network. Since the raw data proved to be insufficient, an interpolated grid was derived, and the final results were scaled to be representative of the original raw data. It was found that during floods the main direction of the spatial variance of the shallow groundwater monitoring wells alters, from perpendicular to the river to parallel with it for over a period of about two week. However, witht the passing of the flood, this returns to its original orientation in ~2 months. It is likely that this process is related first to the fast removal of clogged riverbed strata by the flood, then to their slower replacement. In addition, the study highlights the importance of assessing the direction of the spatial autocorrelation structure of shallow groundwater monitoring networks, especially if the aim is to derive interpolated maps for the further investigation or modeling of flow.

scholarly journals Geological monitoring networks for risk management close to large rock cliffs: the case history of Gallivaggio and Cataeggio in the italian Alps

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-101
Author(s):  
Luca Dei Cas ◽  
Maria Luisa Pastore ◽  
Andrea Pavan ◽  
Nicola Petrella
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Rock Slope ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry ◽  
Reliable Monitoring ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
Short Time

Abstract. In areas located near large rock cliffs, risk reduction by early warning monitoring systems highligts potentiality but also critical issues and limits. The paper examines two rock slope failures that occurred in a short time from each other near inhabited areas in the Italian Alps. The viscous behavior of the rock mass was reconstructed through data processing from ground-based Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR), and elaboration of acceleration and speed curves. Landslides types and underlying complexity associated with rock detachment mechanisms suggest the identification of precautionary alarm thresholds for collapse forecasting. The analysis of financial outlay, both for mitigation works and for monitoring activities, highlight the adequacy and the opportunity to combine passive systems, like embankments or rockfall drapery meshes, with a reliable monitoring network for early warning.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Biodegradation of Petroleum Contaminants by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Caspian Sea Coastline Waters

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Samira Mehrdad ◽  
◽  
Keivan Saeb ◽  
Lobat Taghavi ◽  
Masood Ghane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Predominant Strain

Background: Water plays an essential role in supporting life on earth and sea worldwide, requiringclean, safe, high quality and sustainable resources. Nowadays, many water resources have been contaminatedwith toxic compounds originating from petroleumdue to economical and industrial developments. There is anurgent need to clean up the waters with environmentally friendlyand inexpensive methods. This study investigated the biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) using Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in southern Caspian Sea coastline. Methods: Coastline sediment samples were collected, with P. aeruginosa being the predominant strain. The bacteria were cultured in triplicates in the presence of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4% of gasoline andunder specific experimental conditions of varying temperature, pH, salinity, shaker speed, and incubation periods. The data representing the gasoline biodegradation in the samples were statistically analyzed. Results: At optimized experimental conditions for temperature, pH, salinity, incubation period, and shaker speed, maximum biodegradation of TPH was achieved by culturing P. aeruginosa strains with the sea water samples containing varying concentrations of gasoline. Conclusion: The gram-negative bacteria, P. aeruginosa, almost completely biodegraded TPH contaminants from the samples’ culture media over 28 days of incubation. We conclude that the use of P. aeruginosa is an efficient method for the biodegradation of Caspian coastal waters contaminated with TPH.

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