scholarly journals Factors influencing trajectories of performance-program budgets: survey in municipalities of the middle Euphrates provinces of Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Abdulzahra Salman Alrawazqee ◽  
Tamara Tavinovna Tsatkhlanova
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Controlling System ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Design Factors

The paper presents the analysis and determines factors effecting the budget program implementation, which leads to decrease the efficiency and effectiveness for budget outcomes provided to public. The importance of a municipality budget program is related to the standards of population living, thus obstructing the implementation of programs cause a direct negative impact upon people’s life. Municipalities seek to optimize the use of resources and allocate them to the planned programs in order to obtain the best results in terms of quantity. Distribution of financial allocations to the planned projects is one of the most important steps in preparing the budget. A negative impact of some factors on the budget programs implementation is proved. There was used a questionnaire to investigate the managers and employees from the related department as accountants, administrators, engineers, and auditors in municipalities of the middle Euphrates of Iraq. Basically, there were interviewed the department managers to design factors affecting the implementation of budget programs and preparing questioners for their employees. There was suggested the hypothesis for the research and determined the factors influencing budget programs trajectories rather than quality or quantity. Among the most important recommendations are emphasized the protection of municipal departments from political parties’ interference, increasing coordination between the municipal departments and the central and local governments, and rehabilitating the controlling system.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Prescribing Decisions of Physicians: A Review

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Davari ◽  
Elahe Khorasani ◽  
Bereket Molla Tigabu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Healthcare Spending ◽  
Practice Variation ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Prescribing Behavior ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Promotion Strategies

BACKGROUND: The pharmaceutical bill is increasing at an alarming rate. The physician practice variation has a pronounced effect on healthcare spending. A number of factors can influence the prescribing behavior of physicians. The aim of this review was to identify the factors affecting the prescribing decision of physicians.METHODS: Electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE CENTRAL, Cochrane Libraries and Google scholar were searched systematically for literatures on factors influencing prescribing decisions of physicians from 2000 to 2016. There was no restriction on the study designs.RESULTS: Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria from 1122 search results. A total of 33 factors were identified. The most frequent factors were patients’ clinical condition, pharmaceutical industries, physician attributes, patient preference and cost of medicine.CONCLUSION: Physicians’ personal attributes, cost of the medicine and pharmaceutical industries’ marketing and promotion strategies were mostly mentioned to influence prescribing decision. The identified factors showed that prescribing is not only geared for patient benefit, but also towards personal interest. The use of valid and reliable practice guidelines could reduce the negative impact of wide ranges of factors and promote the rational prescribing effectively. 

scholarly journals Electronic Commerce for Sustainable Rural Development: Exploring the Factors Influencing BoPs’ Entrepreneurial Intention

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10604
Author(s):  
Lijuan Huang ◽  
Guojie Xie ◽  
Raoyi Huang ◽  
Guokai Li ◽  
Weiwei Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Resource Endowment

Rural e-commerce entrepreneurship is an effective and credible means to alleviate poverty and promote sustainable social development, particularly in the Base of the Pyramid (BoP). Understanding how to encourage BoPs’ entrepreneurial intention in the rural e-commerce market has become a key issue for private enterprises and local governments. Based on the entrepreneurial event model, we constructed a research framework to evaluate the factors influencing BoPs’ entrepreneurial intention in rural e-commerce. We conducted an online survey of rural e-commerce practitioners from Jieyang and Chaozhou in Guangdong Province, China, and empirically analyzed the survey results using SmartPLS software. The results show that professional knowledge, resource endowment, information and communication technology, and logistics infrastructure have a significant positive impact on BoP entrepreneurship in rural e-commerce, while previous market channels had a significant negative impact. Based on the findings, we recommend that BoPs should focus more on cultivating professional knowledge in e-commerce entrepreneurship and capitalize on local resource advantage. E-commerce enterprises and local governments should strengthen and improve information communication technology and logistics infrastructure among BoP communities. Policymakers should support BoP entrepreneurship in rural e-commerce by creating a favorable environment.

Gender Balance and Institutions in Local Government – Examples from Rural Norway

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Bjørnå
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
Distributional Conflicts ◽  
Community Representation ◽  
Rational Behaviour

While steps are taken to increase women’s representation in politics, it can often prove difficult to change patterns of recruitment and nomination to political positions. This article argues that not only formal regulation, but also informal institutions, like local norms, beliefs and values, history and traditional codes of conduct matter and should be taken into account in plans to achieve balanced gender representation. The article compares recruitment policies in rural municipalities in Norway. Case studies were conducted to identify factors affecting women’s willingness to stand as candidates, the factors local political parties take into account when nominating candidates, and voting behaviour. The study suggests that local issues, such as religious traditions, distributional conflicts and desire for community representation, affect women representation. Representation policies in local governments are, in other words, not only affected by rules and values “from above”, they must also be understood in a “bottom up” perspective, as the aggregated consequences of the rational behaviour of voters. Keywords: women representation • representation policies • informal and formal institutions • local democracy

scholarly journals Factors affecting the implementation of evidence-based Progressive Tinnitus Management in Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242007
Author(s):  
Tara L. Zaugg ◽  
Emily J. Thielman ◽  
Kathleen F. Carlson ◽  
Anaïs Tuepker ◽  
Christine Elnitsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Stepped Care ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Mental Health Providers ◽  
Department Of Veterans Affairs ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing

Purpose Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) is an evidence-based interdisciplinary stepped-care approach to improving quality of life for patients with tinnitus. PTM was endorsed by Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Audiology leadership in 2009. Factors affecting implementation of PTM are unknown. We conducted a study to: 1) estimate levels of PTM program implementation in VA Audiology and Mental Health clinics across the country; and 2) identify barriers and facilitators to PTM implementation based on the experiences of VA audiologists and mental health providers. Method We conducted an anonymous, web-based survey targeting Audiology and Mental Health leaders at 144 major VA facilities. Quantitative analyses summarized respondents’ facility characteristics and levels of program implementation (full PTM, partial PTM, or no PTM). Qualitative analyses identified themes in factors influencing the implementation of PTM across VA sites. Results Surveys from 87 audiologists and 66 mental health clinicians revealed that few facilities offered full PTM; the majority offered partial or no PTM. Inductive analysis of the open-ended survey responses identified seven factors influencing implementation of PTM: 1) available resources, 2) service collaboration, 3) prioritization, 4) Veterans’ preferences and needs, 5) clinician training, 6) awareness of (evidence-based) options, and 7) perceptions of scope of practice. Conclusion Results suggest wide variation in services provided, a need for greater engagement of mental health providers in tinnitus care, and an interest among both audiologists and mental health providers in receiving tinnitus-related training. Future research should address barriers to PTM implementation, including methods to: 1) improve understanding among mental health providers of their potential role in tinnitus management; 2) enhance coordination of tinnitus-related care between health care disciplines; and 3) collect empirical data on Veterans’ need for and interest in PTM, including delivery by telehealth modalities.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Local Governments Financial Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4(J)) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Regita Oktaviani ◽  
Satria Yudhia Wijaya ◽  
Ermawati .
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Government Size ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fiscal Balance ◽  
Relationship Of

This study aims to test and prove the relationship of local government financial performance with fiscal balance transfer, local own-source revenue, local government size, and capital expenditure. The study uses samples from District/City Local Governments in Sulawesi Island for the years 2016-2018. The samples were collected using the census sampling method, for a total of 243 samples in District/City Local Governments in Sulawesi Island. In this analysis, the hypothesis testing is performed using SPSS by the multiple linear regression method. The result of this study shows that fiscal balance transfer has a negative impact on the local government financial performance, local own-source revenue has an impact towards the local government financial performance, local government size does not have an effect towards the local government financial performance, and capital expenditure has an effect towards the local government financial performance. This study is expected to contribute to local governments by providing recommendations to improve the local government financial performance.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE FACTORS OF THE REGIONAL MARKET MARINE PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE SHIPPING COMPANY

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
A.A. Steba ◽  
Yu.V. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Uncertainty Factors ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Market Factors

Transport is one of the most important factors influencing the level of socio-economic development. Despite the increase in volume shipping needs of the population in such traffic are not met in full. The problem turn linked to the absence or lack of understanding of the functioning of the transport system in general and the marine passenger AI component and lack of knowledge about the economic aspects of its existence. Lack of understanding of the principles of the regional market of maritime passenger transport and uncertainty factors that market has a negative impact on the organization and the management of shipping companies. In the article the concept of regional market of maritime passenger transport is revealed. Market factors affecting the activities of shipping companies. Done grouping on the basis of factors. The character of influence factors on various aspects of the shipping company.

scholarly journals Productivity and Growth of Manufacturing Industries in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 64-86
Author(s):  
Pradip Kumar Mainali
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Material Input

This paper examines efficiencies measures including factors influencing on output, total factor productivity (TFPG) and factors affecting on TFPG of manufacturing industries of Nepal. Regression equation is estimated to find factors influencing on output and factors affecting TFPG. Extended Cobb-Douglas production function is examined to find TFPG. As it is disclosed by efficiencies measures such as labor productivity, capital productivity and material efficiency, there is not coherent relation among efficiency measures and output rather than in few cases. It implies that  output increase due to many reasons such as protection, internal demand, availability of material input, comparative advantage and so on. As it is evident by the regression result; output is mainly interrelated with the inherent components like labour, capital and material input though road is also notices as positive factor. Liberalization dummy notifies negative impact on output. Improved TFPG at post liberalization phase is realized to those years in which capital is also increased which suggests increment tin capital probably with improved technology is required to increase overall efficiencies. Capital intensity, export incentive and foreign direct investment are found as factors affecting on TFPG. This study under scores the importance of comparative advantage production since there is not coherence on productivity, growth and efficiencies measures.

scholarly journals Design Factors Influencing Quality of Building Projects in Nigeria: Consultants' Perception

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukumon Oyedele ◽  
Babatunde Jaiyeoba ◽  
Moshood Fadeyi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Importance Ranking ◽  
Design Factors

Various factors identified from the literature that caninfluence quality of building projects in Nigeria have beenstudied by means of questionnaire survey sent to architects,engineers and quantity surveyors in the industry. From atotal response of 107 consultants, the importance of eachfactor was obtained via severity and frequency responsesof the factors. Data analysis includes comparisons ofranking among consultants using severity, frequency andimportance indexes, correlation analysis, and percentagerank agreement factor (PRAF) to measure the agreement inthe importance ranking among the consultants.Correlation results between the professionals are architects/quantity surveyors (0.75), architects/engineers (0.21 ),and engineers/quantity surveyors (0.24). The percentagerank agreement factor (PRAF) shows that the five mostimportant factors affecting quality are 'design changes'(78.9%); 'inadequate involvement of other professionalsduring the design stage' (78.9%); 'insufficient andunrealistic constraints of project cost' (71.1 %); 'poor levelof commitment to quality improvement among designprofessionals' (63.2%); and 'making design decisions oncost and not value of work' (55.3%). The results of this studywould provide feedback for the clients, project and qualitymangers and all the consultants in the industry, so thateffective management of quality can be ensured from theconceptual-design stage of the project.

Customer’s satisfaction on service quality at Vietnam Technological and Commercial Joint Stock Bank – An Giang Branch

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Tran Minh Hieu ◽  
Nguyen Duong Ngoc Mai Chi
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Alpha Reliability ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Development Orientation

This study applied SERVQUAL scale of Parasuraman et al to measure factors affecting customer satisfaction on service quality at Vietnam Technological and Commercial Joint Stock Bank - An Giang Branch (Techcombank An Giang). The study was conducted to survey 207 customers who have been using the service at Techcombank An Giang. The survey results were analyzed by the Cronbach's Alpha reliability test method, then used Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to verify and evaluate the scale of service quality. The results of the regression analysis show that customer's satisfaction about service quality at Techcombank An Giang includes four factors: The factor with the highest level is the Empathy with Beta = 0.253, the second of factor is the Responsibility with Beta = 0.248, ranked third in the influence level is the Tangible with Beta = 0.235, and the lowest impact level is the Reliability with Beta = 0.144. The research also uses statistical methods to describe and test the differences of demographic factors with customer's satisfactionon service quality.The analysis results show that there is no difference between customer's satisfaction on service quality and factors such as gender, age, income, number of transaction banks, regular transaction banks, and time to use the service at Techcombank An Giang. Through the research results, the author would like to propose some ideas to improve the quality of services, thereby attracting new customers and importantly, keeping traditional customers because the development orientation of Techcombank is to take care of old customers to cross sell other products of the bank. The Stud results offer a basis for the branch to identify the factors influencing customer satisfaction on their service quality, thereby having an appropriate strategy to improve customer satisfaction.

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