scholarly journals Sesame Credit in China’s Social Management System in the 2010s

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3 (27)) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Dmitry I. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Credit Scoring ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
State System ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Social Credit ◽  
Chinese Company ◽  
And Control ◽  
Social Management

The article shows that the Chinese company Ant Financial is developing a social credit system named Sesame Credit going beyond the traditional credit scoring mechanism on this way. Sesame Credit aims to form “civilized behavior” of citizens as an instrument of social management and control. In the late of the 2010s some of Sesame Credit's technologies and information resources have been integrated into a large-scale state system of social credit which is still in its infancy.

scholarly journals “Social Credit System”: historical prerequisites and doctrinal grounds of the phenomenon

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-88
Author(s):  
Roman Z. Rouvinsky ◽  
Alexey A. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Credit Scoring ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Social Credit ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective

This article is dedicated to identification and examination of doctrinal grounds and historical prerequisites of the" Social Credit System (trustworthiness)” – a project introduced in the People’s Republic of China in the early 2000s, and currently being “exported” from People’s Republic of China to other countries. In the course of this research, the author analyzed the specific Chinese sources and prerequisites for the creation of modern social rating and control system, as well as non-national sources mostly attributed to the history of Western European political legal thought and Western social institutions. Viewing "Social Credit System" as a technique for exercising social control and oversight, the authors discover its origins in J. Bentham’s project" Panopticon ", Taylor’s philosophy of management, Confucian and legalistic traditions of Imperial China, ideas and institutions of the era of Chinese cultural revolution, as well as U.S. credit scoring systems. This article is the first within Russian science to study the historical and doctrinal prerequisites of China’s "Social Credit System”, taking into account the works of foreign scholars dedicated to the history of its establishment.  A new perspective is given on the Confucian ideas the ideas of Fajia (Legalism) School, which are interpreted as complementary sources of the modern system of social control developed in PRC. The authors believe that China’s “Social Credit System” and the related techniques of control represent a so-called “bridge” that connects “Western” history of the development of social institutions with typically “Eastern” political and sociocultural tradition. In conclusion, attention is turned to the positive aspects, as well as “shadow” side of implementation of the mechanism of “Social Credit System”, “reverse” of this process and all accompanying problems thereof.

scholarly journals Cyanobacteria bloom prevention and control and salvage disposal integrated management system

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 04033
Author(s):  
Yuming Tang ◽  
Hong Liang ◽  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Bingfeng Seng
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lake Management ◽  
Data Management System ◽  
Water Bloom ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms ◽  
And Control

Cyanobacteria are large single-cell prokaryotes that can undergo oxygen-producing photosynthesis. However, if the cyanobacteria are contaminated by nitrogen, phosphorus and other elements, cyanobacteria will cause the phenomenon of “water bloom” in the lake, which will seriously endanger the safety of humans, animals, fish and shrimps. To help lake management units to prevent and control the outbreak of cyanobacteria, this paper designed and developed a comprehensive management system for the prevention and control of cyanobacteria blooms and salvage treatment. The system consists of four subsystems: the operational reporting subsystem, the monitoring data management system, the algae environmental protection disposal process management system, and the real-time cyanobacteria monitoring system. The three-dimensional interaction between the WEB end and the mobile patrol handheld terminal makes the system more efficient and convenient. The neighborhood image is denoised by the neighborhood averaging method, and the K-means algorithm is used for clustering training, which makes the classification of the algae pictures taken. The realization of the system effectively prevented the large-scale outbreak of cyanobacteria, providing a new idea for monitoring and processing cyanobacteria blooms.

scholarly journals Productivity-Based Management System for Offsite Manufacturing: Case Study of Noralta Lodge

2015 ◽  
pp. 439-447
Author(s):  
A. Alwisy ◽  
S. Bu Hamdan ◽  
Z. Ajweh ◽  
M Al-Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Learning Curves ◽  
Modular Construction ◽  
Task Duration ◽  
Resource Levelling ◽  
And Control

Large-scale projects entail a zero-tolerance policy in regards to on-time project delivery and project quality. Severe winter conditions in Canada challenge conventional on-site construction activities and raise the risk of project delays and deficiencies. Industrialized (modularized) construction stands as an alternative that provides high quality products in a timely manner. Moreover, modular construction offers manufactured building components in a controlled environment, which ensures that quality standards remain consistent regardless of weather conditions. Once manufactured, modular units are then shipped to the site to be assembled. Two major geographical phases are common in offsite construction: the manufacturing phase, and the on-site installation phase. Consequently, management teams face challenges related to productivity and optimum work sequence in both phases. Traditional project planning and control methods consider the duration of a task as a static entity resulting from the direct relationship between the sizes of the crews on-site and labour productivity. Learning curves, skill-based tasklabour matrices, and resource levelling techniques are factors that imply the dynamic nature of construction tasks; delays in one task may affect other subsequent tasks both directly and indirectly. The Productivity-Based Management System (PBMS) provides opportunities to increase the production rates of task duration, and decrease actual task duration. The proposed research introduces a framework for a PBMS to manage and control the on-site phase of modular construction. In this research, the PBMS is developed, implemented, and then applied to a 1,700- bedroom workforce camp in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada.

scholarly journals Social Credit System Construction Plan as Road Map for the Reform of Social Management in China in the 2010s

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1 (25)) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Dmitry I. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Social Credit ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Social Governance ◽  
Reform Plan ◽  
Social Management

The article is devoted to a policy document that defines the main directions and principles of creating a social credit system in China. It is shown that the reform plan and the ongoing changes are quite consistent with the Chinese bureaucratic traditions of coercion and paternalism, and are associated with the use of a social regulator that forms the appropriate behavioral incentives, such as reputation. Ultimately, the new model of social governance is aimed at ensuring social and political stability in China and proactively addressing the development problems of Chinese society.

The State and Digital Society in China: Big Brother Xi is Watching You!

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (01) ◽  
pp. 2040003
Author(s):  
JEAN-PIERRE CABESTAN
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Big Brother ◽  
Social Credit ◽  
Privacy Breaches ◽  
And Control

There is no question that China is ahead of many developed countries in the digitalization of both its society and surveillance systems. It is also clear that the new technologies made possible by this digitalization — the widespread use of smart ID cards, the Great Firewall, the accumulation of Big Data, the social credit system (SCS) and facial recognition — have enhanced the capacity of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to rule China, maintain control over society and stay in power indefinitely. While these are not the only systems in place to manage and control Chinese citizens and this is not their sole purpose, these developments have been rightly seen as part of an ambitious Orwellian project to micromanage and microcontrol every aspect of Chinese society. To better comprehend the significance of this new phenomenon, this paper employs Michel Foucault’s “Panopticon” metaphor, the perfect mean of surveillance and discipline as well as an “apparatus of power.” Yet, these new technologies have their own limits. In real life there is no perfect Panopticon as no society, even the most controlled one, is a sealed prison. Censorship on the Web is erratic and the full implementation of the SCS is likely to be postponed beyond 2020 for both technical and political reasons, as more Chinese citizens have raised concerns about unchecked data collection and privacy breaches. As a result, China is probably heading toward a somewhat fragmented digitalized society and surveillance system that is more repressive in some localities and more flexible in others, as is the case with the Chinese bureaucracy in general.

Becoming-Infrastructure: Datafication, Deactivation and the Social Credit System

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Salim Diab
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Causal Powers ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Social Credit ◽  
Information Infrastructures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Library And Information Studies ◽  
Information Studies ◽  
Data Flows

How might critical library and information studies analyze the intersection of information infrastructure and class structure? The emergence of big data through "datafication" rests on the historical process of information and communication technology (ICT) production and distribution. This paper explores the concept of datafication as an integrated component of information infrastructures unfolding within the class structures of capitalism. A critical realist perspective on relational sociology is offered to illustrate how heterogenous data sources are combined and configured to activate materials and bodies into new internal economic class relations of control. My analysis of datafication therefore moves beyond isolated conceptions of "information" and toward the capacity of distributed data sources to extend and deepen class structures. Two recent large scale cases of datafication are analyzed to highlight its causal powers within class structured society. The first case is drawn from a New York Times article concerning the subprime automobile loan market in the United States. The article details the installation of surveillance technologies into the vehicles of people segmented by low credit scores as a condition of exchange for subprime loans. As a result of this exchange, surveillance technologies capture borrower's driving behaviors and locations in real-time data flows. These data flows are analyzed according to interest bearing payment regimes, rendering both vehicle and borrower as manageable assets while conferring onto lenders the power of remote automobile deactivation. This suggests datafication of driving behaviour produces new implications for class conditions when such data are integrated with the structures of the subprime market. The second case detailed in several news articles examines the plan for a large scale top-down cybernetic behavioural programming initiative by the Chinese government termed the "social credit system," built from digital traces of multiple economic and non-economic social behaviours of its citizens. While aspects of this system are currently voluntary, they are expected to become mandatory within five years. Ubiquitous surveillance of digital activity never before combined into a predictive and prescriptive score may be considered a nation-wide disciplinary subsumption of social activity under novel valuation algorithms, integrating previously unwatched or irrelevant external activities into new internal relations determinative of class structured possibilities. The plan for a social credit system appears driven toward developing a seamlessly interconnected national behavioural identity for every Chinese citizen, which may produce structural implications for pre-existing class conditions. I suggest these cases are examples of the need for library and information studies to engage critically with the emerging causal powers of information infrastructures theorized here as deepening capitalism's control of class structures.

scholarly journals Establishment and practice of land subsidence control and management system for deep foundation pit dewatering in Shanghai

2020 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 755-759
Author(s):  
Xinlei Huang ◽  
Tianliang Yang ◽  
Jianzhong Wu ◽  
Jinxin Lin ◽  
Ye He
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Management System ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Deep Foundation ◽  
Foundation Pit ◽  
Deep Foundation Pit ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
And Control

Abstract. At present, large-scale engineering construction activities, especially deep foundation pit dewatering, are important factors of land subsidence in Shanghai, which induces uneven land subsidence. To solve this problem, this paper puts forward a technical approach to prevention and control the land subsidence. Based on the practice of joint work by multiple administrative departments in Shanghai, this paper further combines the technology and management measures effectively, and summarizes the management system of land subsidence control for deep foundation pit dewatering. Meanwhile, this paper provides the key workflow, starting from the whole process control of construction project for feasibility demonstration, design, construction and completion. The practice shows that the whole process of deep foundation pit dewatering control and management provides a powerful guarantee for land subsidence prevention and control.

Social credit will affect foreign firms in China

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Credit Scoring ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Social Credit ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Cost

Subject China's corporate social credit system. Significance The corporate social credit system (CSCS) is now at a decisive stage as the authorities ramp up implementation and expansion nationwide. All companies, including foreign enterprises, will have to participate. Impacts Foreign companies operating in China will have to provide more data for credit scoring. The information made publicly available on CSCS platforms will be useful in evaluating the trustworthiness of business partners in China. The CSCS may level the playing field for foreign firms, because it is based on objective regulatory compliance measures. The CSCS will increase the cost of non-compliance with laws and regulations.

SELECTED ISSUES OF THE ASSESSMENT OF THE CREDITWORTHINESS OF ENTERPRISES

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-282
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Butor-Keler
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Credit Scoring ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Loan Default ◽  
Social Credit ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ability Testing

Modern models of creditworthiness testing are automated. By creating models, the aim is to objectify the process and reduce the time to issue a credit decision. There is a difference between the creditworthiness testing used by banks that often use credit scoring and companies from the FinTech sector which base their ability testing on complex algorithms that take into account the characteristics of the subject and person. Should be emphasized threats exemplified by the implementation of the program of the Chinese Social Credit System. It is based on a point social assessment that may have a direct impact on creditworthiness and in the future may be extended to the enterprises themselves. This leads to the surveillance of society. The purpose of this review paper is to discuss selected methods of assessing the creditworthiness of enterprises, used by institutions to reduce the risk of loan default. In addition, new directions of creditworthiness testing and examples of their application in Polish and foreign financial institutions will be presented

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