scholarly journals Shortest Path from Bandar Tun Razak to Berjaya Times Square using Dijkstra Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Nur Syuhada Muhammat Pazil ◽  
Norwaziah Mahmud Mahmud ◽  
Siti Hafawati Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Shortest Path ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Dijkstra Algorithm ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Times Square ◽  
The Road ◽  
C Programming ◽  
Travelling Time ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost

The shortest path is an issue that involves the route from one point (nodes) to another. It is to find a path with a minimum travelling time. Nowadays, traffic problems have affected many transport users especially in Kuala Lumpur area. The time wasted on the road causes a lot of problems to the users. Furthermore, the costs between two destinations are rather expensive. Therefore, the inability of users to use the shortest path has attracted the researcher to propose several travel alternatives to overcome this problem. In addition, this study will help to improve the efficiency of the road and make people want to use it more often. The objectives of this study are to find the shortest path from Bandar Tun Razak to Berjaya Times Square and to cut down the cost between these two destinations. The time of the shortest path problem and the cost problem are drawn separately. Moreover, Dijkstra algorithm is applied to find the shortest path. The shortest path is calculated by using C programming of Dev C++. Nevertheless, both time and cost of shortest path are constructed in different paths. The time and cost of the journey are described by driving a car from Bandar Tun Razak to Lebuhraya SMART to Kampung Pandan, then Berjaya Times Square. The total time taken is 23 minutes (RM8.00), whereas, the cost is based on the shortest path from Bandar Tun Razak to Taman Maluri to Seasons Tower and Berjaya Times Square. The minimum cost is RM4.00 (30 minutes).

scholarly journals Nine Recommendations for the Safety on Road both of the People and the Traffic Police

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Madhur Dev Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
The Road ◽  
The People ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Injured Patients

Safety of people and traffic police on road and the provision of prompt and appropriate treatment of injured persons in road accident are urgent concerns. The nine recommendations accordingly made are 1) Considering anyone who informs about or brings to the hospitals the accident victims as innocent until proved otherwise, 2) Annual payment by all vehicle owners (as per the cost of vehicles) to generate treatment fund for any road accident injured patients in the free general (not paying or private or extended health service) outdoor or emergency clinics or ward of the public hospitals irrespective of anyone’ fault in the accident (insurance or other agencies may be assigned to handle the amount deposited and reimbursement of the payments to the hospitals), 3) Implementation of helmet wearing by motorcycle riders and pillion riders in motorcycles, 4) Stricter fine for hazardous traffic offenses, 5) Drivers of the larger vehicles should not automatically be held responsible for any accidents involving other smaller vehicles (to prevent smaller vehicles and motorcycles to drive recklessly), 6) Drivers should not be just held responsible to bear health expenses of injured patients (which is much more than the compensation required in the event of death of injured persons); this is to encourage drivers to take injured persons immediately to hospitals and prevent inclination to allow their deaths indirectly or directly; the drivers should be proportionately fined or punished as per the traffic regulations if they are found to be negligent, 7) Safe and visible platform for the traffic police to stay on the road, 8) Provision of cost-effective respirators for traffic police and traffic supervisors, and 9) Compensation for occupational hazards to the traffic police and field traffic supervisors by distributing to them adequate proportion (e.g. one-third to one-half) of the fund collected by stricter fine paid for the hazardous traffic offences. Provision of various allowances, including for hazards, and benefits is a common practice in the country. Compensation for the occupational hazards of the traffic police provides incentives to and motivates them to remain vigilant about hazardous traffic offenses day and night everywhere and, thus, is essential for the safety of the people.   

Experiment with Reduced Salting of Rural Main Roads in Finland

1996 ◽  
Vol 1533 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Veli-Pekka Kallberg
Keyword(s):  
Road Surface ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

An experiment was conducted in the road district of Kuopio in the winters of 1992–1993 and 1993–1994 in which the use of salt in winter maintenance on rural main roads was reduced to 1 to 2 T/road kilometer from the approximately 10 T of salt that typically had been used per road kilometer in similar conditions in recent years. On the experimental roads, salting was replaced by sanding. The cost of winter maintenance on the experimental roads increased by 20 percent on average, and the increase was higher on roads with higher traffic volumes. Slippery conditions due to ice and snow on the road surface were twice as frequent (30 to 40 percent of the time) on the experimental roads as on the control roads in the neighboring road district. There were 27 injury accidents on the experimental roads in the first winter and 25 in the second. This was about the same as the average of the five previous winters. Because the accident trend on other roads in the same time was decreasing, it was concluded that the experiment increased the number of injury accidents by approximately 20 percent on most experimental road sections. Reduced salting decreased the sodium and chloride concentrations in the needles of roadside pine trees. There were also indications of decreased sodium and chloride concentrations in groundwater. Three quarters of the population in the area was pleased with the experiment.

scholarly journals REDUCING THE TIME TO GET EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE FOR ACCIDENT VEHICLES ON THE ROAD THROUGH AN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W18 ◽  
pp. 827-832
Author(s):  
A. H. Nourbakhsh ◽  
M. R. Delavar ◽  
M. Jadidi ◽  
B. Moshiri
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Dijkstra Algorithm ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Abstract. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is one of the main components of a smart city. ITS have several purposes including the increase of the safety and comfort of the passengers and the reduction of the road accidents. ITS can enhance safety in three modes before, within and after the collision by preventing accident via assistive system, sensing the collision situation and calculating the time of the collision and providing the emergency response in a timely manner. The main objective of this paper is related to the smart transportation services which can be provided at the time of the collision and after the accident. After the accident, it takes several minutes to hours for the person to contact the emergency department. If an accident takes place for a vehicle in a remote area, this time increases and that may cause the loss of life. In addition, determination of the exact location of the accident is difficult by the emergency centres. That leads to the possibility of erroneous responder act in dispatching the rescue team from the nearest hospital. A new assistive intelligent system is designed in this regard that includes both software and hardware units. Hardware unit is used as an On-Board Unit (OBU), which consists of GPS, GPRS and gyroscope modules. Once OBU detects the accident, a notification system designed and connected to OBU will sent an alarm to the server. The distance to the nearest emergency center is calculated using Dijkstra algorithm. Then the server sends a request for assistance to the nearest emergency centre. The proposed system is developed and tested at local laboratory conditions. The results show that this system can reduce Ambulance Arrival Time (AAT). The preliminary results and architecture of the system have been presented. The inclination angle determined by the proposed system along with the car position identified by the installed GPS sensor assists the crash/accident warning part of the system to send a help request to the nearest road emergency centre. These results verified that the probability of having a remote and smart car crash/accident decision support system using the proposed system has been improved compared to that of the existing systems.

scholarly journals Automatic Generation of Multidestination Routes for Autonomous Wheelchairs

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1136
Author(s):  
Yusuke Mori ◽  
◽  
Katashi Nagao
Keyword(s):  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Surface Image ◽  
Route Information ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Route Search

To solve the problem of autonomously navigating multiple destinations, which is one of the tasks in the Tsukuba Challenge 2019, this paper proposes a method for automatically generating the optimal travel route based on costs associated with routes. In the proposed method, the route information is generated by playing back the acquired driving data to perform self-localization, and the self-localization log is stored. In addition, the image group of road surfaces is acquired from the driving data. The costs of routes are generated based on texture analysis of the road surface image group and analysis of the self-localization log. The cost-added route information is generated by combining the costs calculated by the two methods, and by assigning the combined costs to the route. The minimum-cost multidestination route is generated by conducting a route search using cost-added route information. Then, we evaluated the proposed method by comparing it with the method of generating the route using only the distance cost. The results confirmed that the proposed method generates travel routes that account for safety when the autonomous wheelchair is being driven.

scholarly journals Analysis of the costs of construction and maintenance of rigid and flexible pavements

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (11) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Antoni Szydło ◽  
Piotr Mackiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Cost Assessment ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Subject ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost

The costs of construction and the future maintenance of expressways and motorways have a significant impact on the choice of technologies for their construction. The subject of the article is the analysis of the costs of construction and maintenance of rigid (concrete) and flexible (asphalt mixtures) pavements in Poland. The construction technologies and maintenance scenarios in service were analysed for selected pavement constructions of rigid and flexible motorways and expressways. The costs of construction and maintenance of these pavements in national conditions were determined. The fourth quarter of 2015 was adopted as the initial price level. On the basis of the analysis of the costs of construction and maintenance of the analysed structures, the advantage of rigid constructions made of cement concrete was demonstrated, especially in the aspect of the surface maintenance. The cost assessment was carried out for 30 years of exploitation. The concrete pavements on the road network in Poland have been used for over 20 years. They are present both on low-class roads and on the highest-class roads, i.e. motorways and expressways.

Design of Fast Cycloconverter-Based Battery-Charging Circuit for High Penetration of Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Funso Kehinde Ariyo ◽  
Oluwafemi Aworo ◽  
Michael Kuku
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Battery Charging ◽  
Battery Modeling ◽  
The Road ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost

There have been growing concerns involving the penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) due to the time required by its battery to attain full charge. Interests in EVs had recently experienced a dramatic turn down due to mileage limitation on full battery charge amidst the cost of purchase, but most notably due to the absence of quick chargers that can keep the vehicle on the road within few minutes of arriving at the charging station. Researchers had proposed different charging schemes such as level II ac charging, dc charging, and in some cases, wireless charging schemes that later appear to be inefficient. The use of dynamic or simply road-way powered electric vehicles was also proposed in the literature. However, the proposed cycloconverter-based circuit was simulated in Simulink, and the results obtained proved that the rate of charge increased when compared to the conventional EV charging circuit. Also, the focus is on battery charging technology and battery modeling for application in an electric vehicle

scholarly journals On the Road to End Pig Pain: Knowledge and Attitudes of Brazilian Citizens Regarding Castration

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Hötzel ◽  
Maria Cristina Yunes ◽  
Bianca Vandresen ◽  
Rita Albernaz-Gonçalves ◽  
Raphaela E. Woodroffe
Keyword(s):  
Pain Control ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
The Road ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Pain Knowledge ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost

We explored the attitudes of Brazilians towards different methods to deal with boar taint in pork (surgical castration without pain control, SC; surgical castration with pain control, SC+PC; immunocastration, IC; raising entire males, EM). Two surveys (Sv1, n = 441 and Sv2, n = 768) containing closed and open questions were conducted. Nearly 70% of Sv1 and Sv2 participants were unaware that meat of entire males may have boar taint and that SC is widely used in pig production in Brazil. In Sv1, acceptability of SC+PC (63%) and IC (53%) was greater than of SC (15%). In Sv2, acceptability of IC (55%) and EM (52%) was greater than of SC (18%). Open-ended responses indicated that participants objected to inflicting pain to pigs to attain a production goal, and were concerned with organoleptic traits and risks of exogenous residues in pork. Participants’ views regarding the potential increases in the cost of meat due to adoption of alternative methods varied; some argued that avoiding pain justifies an increase in the price of pork and others that this would impact especially lower income citizens. Our findings indicate that participants opposed surgical castration without pain control, and supported alternative methods. However, the concern with potential risks of presence of residues in meat, expressed by a few participants, may need to be addressed among consumers.

DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL TRANSPORT DISTANCE AND THE RATIONAL SPEED OF THE COMMUNICATION ON THE ROAD

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-393
Author(s):  
Чирков ◽  
E. Chirkov ◽  
Дорохин ◽  
S. Dorokhin ◽  
Скрыпников ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Transport ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Urban Transit ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost

This article describes the relevance of road transport under current conditions in the region of a transport hub. Established transit factor, let-conductive to determine the optimal value of the extra-urban transit from the total intensity-sti movement. Submitted economic calculations of the cost of work on transportation, taking into account speed limits. Recommended cost performance of all modes of transport that are formed on the main roads

scholarly journals Cybernetic Organism for Locomotion towards Paradigm

2020 ◽  
pp. 447-451
Author(s):  
Nagaraj Telkar ◽  
Prof. Pavankumar Naik ◽  
Akash Mabali ◽  
Girish S H ◽  
Gurusiddeshwar S H ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost

Auto collisions have been taking a great many lives every year, dwarfing any savage ailments or cataclysmic events. Studies demonstrate that about 60% roadway crashes could be kept away from if the vehicle’s driver had been given cautioning at any rate one-half second before an impact. Human drivers experience the ill effects of recognition confinements on roadway crisis occasions, bringing about enormous postponement in spreading crisis alerts. Safety on the road is one of the key main impetuses behind the advancement, improvement, institutionalization and execution of ITS frameworks. Proposed system uses VANET Standards (VANET is a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET)’s sibling which can organize its own communication model without any other infrastructure dependence). In this project, considering the different features and the cost, on a small scale a four- wheel vehicular robotic prototype has been designed that will follow the lane and avoid obstacles.

scholarly journals STUDI ANALISA PERENCANAAN PERKERASAN LENTUR DAN RENCANA ANGGARAN BIAYA (PADA PROYEK JALAN RUAS JALAN TEMBELENGAN–DURJAN KABUPATEN SAMPANG)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Mishbahul Aziz ◽  
Sigit Winarto ◽  
Yosef Cahyo Setianto Poernomo ◽  
Agata Iwan Candra
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
The Road ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Road Section ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pavement Thickness

There was a build-up of lumps of sand on the road, precisely Tambelang-Durjan. This build-up of sand chunks occurs because many of the piled sand hauling trucks that pass on the road is obstructed because the road section has been damaged (potholes) and is unfit for passage, resulting in obstruction of traffic flow. In addition, the width of the section is not in accordance with the technical requirements of the 2011 Government Regulation. Therefore, it requires a flexible pavement re-planning and a Cost Budget Plan for land transportation lines, so that motorist access is comfortable. Planning flexible pavement using Laston with a planning age of 10 years obtained flexible pavement thickness, namely 4 cm thick AC-WC, 6 cm thick AC-BC, and 40 cm of Upper Foundation Layers (LPA) with the estimated size of the Budget Plan The cost of the flexible pavement construction of Tambelang- Durjan of Sampang Regency with a length of 1,145 km in the amount of Rp 5,744,585,463.00Terjadi penumbukan bongkahan pasir urug tepatnya di ruas jalan Tambelangan-Durjan. Penumpukan bongkahan pasir ini terjadi karena banyak truk pengangkut bongkahan pasir urug tersebut yang melintas pada jalan itu terhambat karena ruas jalan mengalami kerusakan (berlubang) dan tidak layak dilalui, sehingga  yang mengakibatkan terhambatnya arus lalu lintas. Selain itu lebar ruas tidak sesuai dengan persyaratan teknis Peraturan Pemerintah tahun 2011. Oleh karena itu, memerlukan perencanaan ulang perkerasan lentur dan Rencana Anggaran Biaya untuk jalur transportasi darat supaya akses pengendara nyaman. Perencanaan perkerasan lentur menggunakan Laston dengan umur rencana 10 tahun didapatkan tebal perkerasan lentur yaitu AC-WC setebal 4 cm, AC-BC setebal 6 cm dan Lapis Pondasi Atas (LPA) setebal 40 cm dengan besar perkiraan Rencana Anggaran Biaya pembangunan perkerasan lentur ruas Tambelangan-Durjan Kabupaten Sampang sepanjang 1,145 km sebesar Rp 5.744.585.463,00.

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