Static and dynamic tests at a railway tank wagon

Railway tank wagons are widely used for the transportation of liquid cargo as petroleum products, acids, alcohol etc. During the last years only tank wagons with bogies were manufactured (four axles wagons). The prototype of each wagon’s series is tested according with international standards in purpose to validate the design (the project). This paper present the static and dynamic test performed at the body of a four axles tank wagon.

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Inspection and Model Experiment of a Damaged Arch Bridge

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.223 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 340-341 ◽

pp. 223-228

Author(s):

Ying Fang Fan ◽

Zhi Qiang Hu ◽

Jing Zhou

Keyword(s):

Model Experiment ◽

Dynamic Test ◽

Dynamic Responses ◽

Dynamic Tests ◽

Arch Bridge ◽

Mechanical Responses ◽

Organic Glasses ◽

Bridge Model ◽

Static And Dynamic Tests ◽

Good Agreement

The structural behavior of an old six-span reinforced concrete arch bridge, which has been in service for about 40 years, is investigated. Field monitoring (inclusive of test of material property, static and dynamic test of the bridge) was conducted, static and dynamic responses of the bridge are obtained. Based on the primitive bridge, a scaled one-span bridge model was fabricated by organic-glasses. Both the static and dynamic tests were executed on the bridge model in the laboratory. Since the arch rib is the crucial member for the arch bridge, 7 notches were cut on both arch ribs of the bridge model to simulate different damages of the arch rib. Mechanical responses of the bridge with different damages on the arch ribs were achieved. FEM analyses were preformed on the bridge as well. Numerical results show good agreement with the experimental results.

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To the Question of an Experimental Assessment of the Fatigue Characteristics of a Transversal Metal-Composite Compound

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.241 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 299 ◽

pp. 241-245

Author(s):

Mikhail V. Astahov ◽

Irina I. Sorokina ◽

Ekaterina V. Slavkina

Keyword(s):

Test Bench ◽

Normal Force ◽

Fatigue Curve ◽

Polymer Composite Material ◽

The Body ◽

Metal Composite ◽

Dynamic Tests ◽

Experimental Assessment ◽

Fatigue Characteristics ◽

Static And Dynamic Tests

The possibilities of using composite materials for the modernization and repair of structures are considered. Based on a review of the sources of literature, it was concluded that the use of glue-pin combined connections is promising. For a combined transversal connection with one fastener, static and dynamic tests were performed on an Instron 1121 test bench. The loading was carried out with a normal force, pulling the fastener out the body of a polymer composite material. The analysis of experimental data is carried out, the fatigue curve is constructed.

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Análisis de Gases del Motor de un Vehículo a través de Pruebas Estáticas y Dinámicas. //Analysis of Gases of the Engine of a Vehicle through Static and Dynamic Tests.

Ciencia Unemi ◽

10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol11iss28.2018pp97-108p ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (28) ◽

pp. 97-108

Author(s):

Juan Carlos Rocha-Hoyos ◽

Danilo Zambrano ◽

Ángel Portilla ◽

German Erazo ◽

Guido Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Test ◽

Test System ◽

Injection System ◽

Normal Operation ◽

Dynamic Tests ◽

Engine Emissions ◽

Static Test ◽

El Sistema ◽

Static And Dynamic Tests ◽

The City

El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar las emisiones del motor de encendido provocado por medio de protocolos internacionales para la evaluación de la variabilidad entre las pruebas estáticas y dinámicas. Las respectivas pruebas de laboratorio se realizaron a una altura sobre los 2810 msnm., en la ciudad de Quito-Ecuador. El vehículo experimentado fue un Nissan Sentra 1.6 L., sometido a pruebas estática (ralentí; 2500 rpm), y dinámica (ASM50/15, ASM25/25, IM 240). Se concluye que el sistema de inyección del vehículo trabaja de forma incorrecta en la prueba estática, debido a que el factor lambda fluctúa entre 1.18 y 1.79 lo que afecta la operación normal del motor por empobrecimiento de la mezcla; mientras que en el sistema de prueba dinámico se acerca a la condición del factor lambda 1 parámetro ideal para la formación de la mezcla estequiométrica. La estimación de los factores de emisión fue: CO de 0.58 gr/km, HC de 0.01006 gr/km y el NOx en 0.09 gr/km. AbstractThe objective of this article was to analyze the ignition engine emissions caused by international protocols for the evaluation of the variability between static and dynamic tests. The respective laboratory tests were performed at an altitude of 2810 m above sea level in the city of Quito-Ecuador. The vehicle experienced was a Nissan Sentra 1.6 L., subjected to tests static (idle; 2500 rpm), and dynamic (ASM 50/15, ASM 25/25, IM 240). It is concluded that the injection system of the vehicle works incorrectly in the static test, because the lambda factor fluctuates between 1.18 and 1.79 which affects the normal operation of the engine due to impoverishment of the mixture; while in the dynamic test system the lambda factor 1 condition is approached ideally for the formation of the stoichiometric mixture. The estimation of the emission factors was: CO of 0.58 g/km, HC of 0.01006 g/km and NOx in 0.09 g/km.

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Static and dynamic tests of pear bruise sensitivity

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/4927-rae ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 54-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. Blahovec ◽

V. Mareš ◽

F. Paprštein

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Test ◽

Hysteresis Loss ◽

Dynamic Tests ◽

Hysteresis Losses ◽

Low Level ◽

Impact Tests ◽

Static And Dynamic Tests ◽

The Impact

The paper is a continuation of the preceding research of bruising sensitivity applied to different pear varieties. This study was based on quasi-static fruit testing in compression between two plates. One part of the method is based on determining the hysteresis losses corresponding to the predetermined low level bruising. This paper contains an attempt to apply the hysteresis loss concept to dynamical impact tests, which are simpler and quicker then quasi-static ones. Moreover the impact tests are closer to the character of deformations that initiating the bruising process in real conditions. Nine pear varieties were tested quasi-statically by the method developed previously. The same varieties were tested also dynamically in a special pendulum with flat and round indentors. The results show that the dynamic test is less sensitive in determining the bruising susceptibility than the previous quasistatic one. Moreover the success of the dynamic test depends on the shape of the indentor. Acceptable results were obtained with a flat indentor in contrast to the round indentor. For the last modification of the indentor we obtained the results, from which it was practically impossible to determine the maximal value of the hysteresis losses at which no bruise spots were formed.

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Biocompatibility and Cytotoxic Evaluation of New Sorbent Cartridges for Blood Hemoperfusion

Blood Purification ◽

10.1159/000489921 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 187-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Diego Pomarè Montin ◽

Ghada Ankawi ◽

Anna Lorenzin ◽

Mauro Neri ◽

Carlotta Caprara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Reactions ◽

Dynamic Test ◽

Optimal Level ◽

In Vitro Testing ◽

Dynamic Tests ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Static Test ◽

Static And Dynamic Tests ◽

Cell Medium

Background/Aims: The use of adsorption cartridges for hemoperfusion (HP) is rapidly evolving. For these devices, the potential induced cytotoxicity is an important issue. The aim of this study was to investigate potential in vitro cytotoxic effects of different sorbent cartridges, HA130, HA230, HA330, HA380 (Jafron, China), on U937 monocytes. Methods: Monocytes were exposed to the sorbent material in static and dynamic manners. In static test, cell medium samples were collected after 24 h of incubation in the cartridges. In dynamic test, HP modality has been carried out and samples at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min were collected. Results: Compared to control samples, there was no evidence of increased necrosis or apoptosis in monocytes exposed to the cartridges both in the static and dynamic tests. Conclusion: Our in vitro testing suggests that HA cartridges carry an optimal level of biocompatibility and their use in HP is not associated with adverse reactions or signs of cytotoxicity.

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Nitrite and Nitrate Levels in Groundwater, Water Distribution Network, Bottled Water and Juices in Iran : A systematic Review

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201021666201203160012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Maasoumeh Marhamati ◽

Asma Afshari ◽

Behzad Kiani ◽

Behrooz Jannat ◽

Mohammad Hashemi

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Distribution Network ◽

Water Distribution Network ◽

The Body ◽

International Standards ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Nitrate And Nitrite

Background: Nitrate and nitrite can get into the body through the consumption of contaminated water either directly or indirectly. The accumulation of these compounds in the body, in the long run, leads to health problems, for example, digestive disorders, cancers, and even death threats in children. The aim of this review is to investigate nitrate and nitrite pollution levels in drinking water and fruit juices in Iran. Methods: In this review data were collected through searching the Scientific Information Database, Science-Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Magiran databases using the keywords Nitrate, Nitrite, Drinking water, Drinking Water Resources, Juice and Iran. Finally, the location of the studies was geocoded through the Google My Maps (https://www.google.com/mymaps) software. Results: Studies clearly indicated that the juices are safe in terms of nitrate. Nitrate and nitrite values were less than the national and international standards in all samples of bottled drinking water except for a few of the studies. The results of the reviewed studies also indicated that the nitrate content was higher than that written on the label in 96% of the samples, and nitrite was not labeled in 80% of them. The nitrate quantity was higher than the permissible limit, in the water distribution network of Bushehr, Gilan and Mazandaran Provinces. Talesh, Ardabil, Hashtgerd, Divandareh, and Kerman cities had high nitrate levels in more than 50% of wells. Conclusion: Using nitrogen fertilizers and lack of a wastewater treatment system were the main reasons for the presence of nitrate and nitrite.

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The effect of the indenter elasticity on the Hertzian fracture of brittle materials

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A - Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspa.1973.0082 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 334 (1596) ◽

pp. 95-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 121

Keyword(s):

Fracture Stress ◽

Opposite Effect ◽

Test Material ◽

Test Surface ◽

Dynamic Tests ◽

Frictional Forces ◽

Consistent Increase ◽

Static And Dynamic Tests ◽

Ring Crack ◽

Ring Cracks

A spherical indenter loaded statically or dynamically into contact with the surface of a brittle material produces a well-defined ring crack. This phenomenon, when interpreted by the Hertz theory of elastic contact, provides a convenient test for the strength of the material. If the elastic modulus of the indenter is different from that of the test material, e. g. a steel indenter in contact with a glass surface, frictional forces are brought into play at the interface which modify the Hertz distribution of contact stress. This effect has been examined both theoretically and experimentally. An indenter which is more rigid than the test surface is shown to lead to an apparent increase in fracture strength of the material, a less rigid indenter has the opposite effect. Static and dynamic tests of plate glass showed a consistent increase in apparent fracture stress of about 50 % using spherical steel indenters compared with glass indenters. This increase agrees well with the influence of friction upon the Hertzian stress calculated theoretically. The average radius of the ring cracks produced by steel indenters was observed to be greater than that produced by glass indenters, an effect of friction also predicted by the theory. Secondary ring cracks of smaller radius have frequently been observed during unloading of a steel indenter. These were not found when a glass indenter was used and an explanation is suggested in terms of the frictional effect which arises from a difference in elasticity between the indenter and the test surface.

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Evaluation Method of U-Bolt Energy Absorption

Volume 8: Seismic Engineering ◽

10.1115/pvp2009-77579 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Eiji Shirai ◽

Tetsuya Zaitsu ◽

Kazutoyo Ikeda ◽

Toshiaki Yoshii ◽

Masami Kondo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Absorption ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Design Procedure ◽

Piping System ◽

Design Technique ◽

Dynamic Tests ◽

Key Issues ◽

Static And Dynamic Tests ◽

Force Displacement ◽

Rigid Design

At domestic PWR plants in Japan, one of the major key issues is earthquake-proof safety [1–3]. Recently, a design procedure using energy absorption, not conventional rigid design, was authorized according to revised review guidelines for aseismic design (JEAC4601). Therefore, we focused on the design technique that utilizes energy absorption effects to reduce the seismic responses of the piping system with U-Bolt, by the static and dynamic tests of simplified piping model supported by U-Bolt. The force-displacement characteristics and a fatigue diagram were obtained by the tests.

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