Heidegger’s Equipment vs. Gibson’s Affordances. Why They Differ and How They Articulate

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2 supplement) ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Gunnar Declerck
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
The Way

"My main objective in this article will be to compare Heidegger’s description of the way we perceive our environment in everyday coping – which is based on the concept of equipment (Zeug) – and James Gibson’s theory of affordance perception. More precisely, I will discuss whether equipment and affordance can be equated. In contrast to some interpretations, I will defend that they cannot: equipment and affordances refer to different ontological kinds and the perceptual or cognitive processes that are implied in each case have nothing in common. In addition, I will defend that distinguishing equipment and affordances is a key step towards a more comprehensive account of the way we perceive and deal with the possibilities offered by our environment, and that Heidegger’s and Gibson’s accounts, far from being mutually exclusive, complement each other. Some work has however to be done in order to articulate them in a coherent theoretical framework. Keywords: Heidegger, Gibson, affordance, equipment, perception "

Focused Tasks, Mental Actions and Second Language Learning. Cognitive and Connectionist Accounts of Task Effectiveness

2006 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 35-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machteld Moonen ◽  
Rick de Graaff ◽  
Gerard Westhoff
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depth Of Processing ◽  
Mental Actions ◽  
Involvement Load Hypothesis

Abstract This paper presents a theoretical framework to estimate the effectiveness of second language tasks in which the focus is on the acquisition of new linguistic items, such as vocabulary or grammar, the so-called focused tasks (R. Ellis, 2003). What accounts for the learning impact offocused tasks? We shall argue that the task-based approach (e.g. Skehan, 1998, Robinson, 2001) does not provide an in-depth account of how cognitive processes, elicited by a task, foster the acquisition of new linguistic elements. We shall then review the typologies of cognitive processes derived from research on learning strategies (Chamot & O'Malley, 1994), from the involvement load hypothesis (Laufer & Hulstijn, 2001), from the depth of processing hypothesis (Craik & Lockhart, 1972) and from connectionism (e.g Broeder & Plunkett, 1997; N. Ellis, 2003). The combined insights of these typologies form the basis of the multi-feature hypothesis, which predicts that retention and ease of activation of new linguistic items are improved by mental actions which involve a wide variety of different features, simultaneously and frequently. A number of implications for future research shall be discussed.

EMPOWERING ENTREPRENEURSHIP THROUGH FORESIGHT AND INNOVATION: DEVELOPING A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR EMPOWERMENT IN ENTERPRISE PROGRAMS

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 207-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALLAN O'CONNOR ◽  
JOSE M. RAMOS
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Education Design ◽  
Education And Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This study explores how education and development in the skills and knowledge of foresight, innovation and enterprise (FI and E) relate to the empowerment of young individuals with respect to creating a new venture. In 2003, three groups of young persons aged between 13 and 18 years participated in a program designed for empowerment. An evaluation was conducted nine months later that provided useful insight into the impact of the education design, content and delivery. This research provides deeper insight into the way FI and E education can be used to create empowerment through the derivation of a framework that addresses entry, process and agency factors.

Unstoppable Decay and Relentless Hope: Study of Alterity in Popular Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-76
Author(s):  
Adrien Ordonneau
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

Consequences of capitalism’s crises and their manifestations in arts have deeply modified the way we can approach mental health. As Mark Fisher pointed out in 2009 with his book Capitalist Realism, neoliberalism is using mental illness as a way to keep existing. The capacity to think a way out of alienation is deeply linked with arts and popular culture. The article proposes to study the uncanny dialogue between arts and politics in relationships to people, and mental health. The theoretical framework will show how arts are trying to build a way out of alienation, since 2009. The article will illustrate this research with the study of many artistic practices, including our own. The findings will show how the ambiguous and uncanny relationships with the world is used by artists as a way out of alienation, despite the difficulties occurring with mental health in time of crisis.

An Examination of the Nature of Trust in Buyer–Seller Relationships

1997 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Doney ◽  
Joseph P. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Supplier Performance ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Integrate Theory ◽  
Selection Decision ◽  
The Impact

The authors integrate theory developed in several disciplines to determine five cognitive processes through which industrial buyers can develop trust of a supplier firm and its salesperson. These processes provide a theoretical framework used to identify antecedents of trust. The authors also examine the impact of supplier firm and salesperson trust on a buying firm's current supplier choice and future purchase intentions. The theoretical model is tested on data collected from more than 200 purchasing managers. The authors find that several variables influence the development of supplier firm and salesperson trust. Trust of the supplier firm and trust of the salesperson (operating indirectly through supplier firm trust) influence a buyer's anticipated future interaction with the supplier. However, after controlling for previous experience and supplier performance, neither trust of the selling firm nor its salesperson influence the current supplier selection decision.

scholarly journals MITOLOGÍA Y CIENCIA FICCIÓN: EL CASO DE MYTHS OF THE NEAR FUTURE DE JAMES G. BALLARD

2022 ◽  
pp. 793-815
Author(s):  
Juan VARO ZAFRA
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Literature And Science ◽  
Fantasy Fiction ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Narrative Production ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Short Narrative ◽  
The Way

La relación entre mitología y ciencia ficción es paradójica: si, teóricamente, la ciencia ficción se presenta como opuesta del mito; en su producción narrativa recurre frecuentemente a personajes y esquemas míticos, materializando su dimensión prospectiva a través de la actualización evemerista o alegórica de mitos. Este trabajo revisa críticamente los presupuestos teóricos que escinden la literatura de ciencia ficción de los relatos míticos y la literatura fantástica. A continuación, analizaremos el modo en que James G. Ballard afronta esta cuestión en su narrativa breve, particularmente en Myths of the Near Future, que sobrepasa estas diferencias y plantea un nuevo marco teórico común entre literatura fantástica y mítica y la ciencia ficción. Abstract: The relationship between mythology and science fiction is paradoxical: if, theoretically, science fiction is presented as the opposite of myth; in its narrative production, science fiction frequently resorts to mythical characters and schemes, materializing their prospective dimension through the evemerist or allegorical updating of myths. This work critically reviews the theoretical assumptions that divide science fiction literature from mythical stories and fantasy fiction. Next, it analyzes the way in which James G. Ballard addresses this question in his short narrative, particularly in Myths of the Near Future, which goes beyond these differences and raises a new common theoretical framework between fantasy and mythical literature and science fiction.

scholarly journals LA HISTORIA COMO DISCURSO DE IDENTIDAD. LA DOMINACIÓN Y «EL ARTE DE LA RESISTENCIA» ENTRE LOS GARÍFUNAS DE GUATEMALA

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Nancy Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
National Context ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Peace Agreements ◽  
Form Part ◽  
The Way

El presente texto discute cómo «la historia» es utilizada discursivamente para reafirmar una identidad y legitimar, al mismo tiempo, una presencia, un proceder en un momento coyuntural. Entre los garífunas, sucedieron a la firma de los Acuerdos de Paz (1996) una serie de discursos sobre su origen y permanencia en el país. Cómo iniciaron y la ascendencia, provenir o no de África, así como tener o no sangre caribe, eran cruciales para tratar de comprender la propia identidad en el contexto nacional guatemalteco. Al mismo tiempo, estos argumentos son un contínuum de resistencia dada desde la dominación colonialista. Así, los postulados de James C. Scott (2004) y de Franz Fanon (1973) resultan pertinentes para enmarcar de forma teórica una situación de dominación que continúa para el pueblo garífuna dentro de la nación guatemalteca.   ABSTRACT This text discusses the way «history» is used discursively to reaffirm identity and at the same time to legitimize a presence and a modus operandi at a particular time. Among the Garinagu, the signing of the peace agreements in 1996 was followed by a series of discourses on their origin and permanence in the country. Origin and ancestry, whether or not one came from Africa or had Carib blood, were crucial to understanding identity in the Guatemalan national context. At the same time, these arguments form part of a continuum of resistance that has taken place since the time of colonial domination. The postulates of James C. Scott (2004) and Franz Fanon (1973) are significant in providing a theoretical framework for a situation of domination that continues for the Garinagu people within the Guatemalan nation.

Moving beyond the Basics

2016 ◽  
pp. 24-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Dickenson ◽  
Martin T. Hall ◽  
Jennifer Courduff
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Participatory Media ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Participatory Processes ◽  
The Web ◽  
The Way ◽  
Professional Interactions

The evolution of the web has transformed the way persons communicate and interact with each other, and has reformed institutional operations in various sectors. Examining these changes through the theoretical framework Connectivism, provides a detailed analysis of how the web impacts individuals' context within communities as well as the larger society. This chapter examines the evolution of the web and the characteristics of various iterations of the web. A discussion on the emergence of participatory media and other participatory processes provides insight as to how the web influences personal and professional interactions. Research on how the web has changed cultural contexts as well as systems such as education, governments and businesses is shared and analyzed to identify gaps and provide direction for future research.

Digital Intelligence

2010 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Nan B. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
The Way

The multiple intelligences theoretical framework developed by Gardner (1983) is employed to argue for the recognition of the emergence of a new, digital intelligence. Each of the dimensions of a discrete intelligence as described by this framework is satisfied along with a discussion of the nature of knowledge, ways of knowing and the nature of how society describes intelligence. These discussions are then used as further evidence that considerations for the ways digital communication technologies are changing the way we think and learn are imperative to effective educational practice. The desired outcome is recognition of this emerging intellectual preference in the design of responsive educational programs and practices.

Phenomenal Explanationism’s Global Ambitions

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-136
Author(s):  
Kevin McCain ◽  
Luca Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Justification ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Perceptual Justification ◽  
A Priori Justification ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
The Way

This chapter further elucidates PE by explaining how it applies to multiple domains. Though the preceding chapter already touches upon some of these, here it is cashed out how PE can account for perceptual justification, memorial justification, testimonial justification, introspective justification, and a priori justification. Exploring the contours of PE in this way reveals just how powerful and unified the theory is. Along the way, it is argued that Declan Smithies’ forceful objections to PC fail to impugn PE. Additionally, it is shown that PE has the resources to respond to each of the challenges that Smithies claims are faced by any internalist theory with “global ambitions”––any theory that purports to be a comprehensive account of epistemic justification. (These challenges for instance include the problem of forgotten evidence and the problem of stored beliefs.) The discussion in this chapter makes it clear that PE is a comprehensive account of epistemic justification that achieves its global ambitions.

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