scholarly journals The difference in the ratio of the maxillary anterior teeth mesiodistal to the golden proportion value after class I malocclusion treatment with Edgewise standard fixed appliance

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agutina Suherman ◽  
Endah Mardiati ◽  
Tono Hambali ◽  
Bergman Thahar
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
T Test ◽  
Class I ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Golden Proportion ◽  
Premolar Extraction ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Descriptive Method

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the ratio of maxillary anterior teeth as the results of Edgewise Standard fixed orthodontic treatment with and without extraction with golden proportion values. Methods: This study is using a retrospective analitist descriptive method. Sample divided at two groups of 13 patients with extraction of first premolar and 19 patients without first premolar extraction. The study population was patients who had completed the Edgewise Standard fixed orthodontic treatment at the Orthodontics Specialist Professional Program of the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran at 2000-2009. The study was conducted using frontal intraoral photometry before and af-ter treatment with 3R photo size, then measured with electronic digital calliper software. Results: Evaluation is done by measuring the maxillary anterior teeth ratio using phimatrix software on frontal intra oral photometry of the post standard edgewise orthodontics patients with Class I malocclusion to the golden proportion, then proceed with statistical t-test. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study shows that the maxillary anterior teeth post standard edgewise orthodontic treatment in class I dento-skeletal patients with or without the first premolar extraction whose treated in orthodontic resident’s clinic Padjadjaran University shows a significant differences with the golden proportion.

scholarly journals The difference between Begg and Straightwire appliances on molar position, occlusal plane angle, and anterior and posterior facial height changes

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Dewi Sartika Santoso ◽  
C. Christnawati ◽  
Cendrawasih Andusyana Farmasyanti
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Class I ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
The Difference

Background: Bimaxillary and bidental protrusion Class I Angle malocclusions have a characteristic convex facial profile and protrusion lips due to the labial inclination of the anterior teeth. Extraction of the first four premolars is the most common choice for orthodontic treatment of these cases when all the permanent teeth are complete and in good condition. Orthodontic treatment can be performed using the Begg or Straightwire techniques. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the difference in the effect of orthodontic treatment with Begg and Straightwire appliances on molar position, occlusal plane, and anterior and posterior facial height. Methods: Sixty pairs of lateral cephalograms before and after the treatment of patients with bimaxillary and bidental protrusive Angle malocclusion Class I, aged 18–35 years old, who underwent orthodontic treatment using the Begg and Straightwire techniques with the extraction of all first premolars that met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using two-way repeated analysis of variance (p<0.05) and Pearson correlation (p<0.05). Results: Molar position, occlusal plane angle, and anterior and posterior facial heights increased significantly after the Begg technique treatment and decreased significantly after the Straightwire technique treatment (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences between the four variables in the two techniques (p>0.05). Medium correlation was found between variables in both the Begg and Straightwire techniques. Conclusion: Molars were extruded and mesialized and the occlusal plane angle and height of the anterior and posterior faces increased after the Begg appliances treatment. The molars moved mesially and occlusally and there was a decrease in the occlusal plane angle, as well as the height of the anterior and posterior faces, after treatment with the Straightwire appliances. However, there was no difference between the two techniques.

scholarly journals Case Report. Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Crowded Maxillary Anterior Teeth

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (s1) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Emese Rita Markovics ◽  
Kinga Dörner ◽  
Orsolya Birta ◽  
Julia Popa
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Plaster Cast ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Golden Proportion ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Dental Plaster

Introduction In this case report we present the aesthetical correction of crowded anterior teeth in a patient who has refused the orthodontic treatment. We also discuss how this correction can be resolved from the point of view of dental prosthetic and what measurements can be helpful in order to collect the data used to restore a satisfying smile on the patient’s face using dental ceramic restoration. Case presentation: A 32-year-old patient complained about his crowded incisors. We examined the incisal curvature, the proportion between the height and the width of the teeth, and the relation between the widths of the teeth and the golden proportion. The results of the measurements were compared to the characteristic values of the ideal denture. After the examination of the dental plaster cast, calculating the difference between the existing space and the necessary space, we were able to calculate the lack of space, which caused the crowded teeth. Conclusion: Along the prosthetic planning, these measurements may serve as a guideline to the dentist as an objective basis for the formation of an aesthetic denture and smile.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Lip Competency among Nepalese Adolescents with different Ethnic group of Kathmandu Valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Rajiv Yadav ◽  
Neelam Yadav ◽  
Prem Basel
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deep Bite ◽  
Premolar Extraction ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Bimaxillary Protrusion

Introduction: Esthetic is one of the outcome that is expected from orthodontic treatment. In orthodontic practice, lip protrusion has been observed with proclined upper and lower incisors in bimaxillary protrusion. Such lip protrusion has been shown to be reduced with backward movement of the anterior teeth, which often accompanies premolar extraction. Hence the aim of our study is to find out prevalence of lip competency among Nepalese Adolescents with different ethnic group of Kathmandu valley. Materials & Method: lt is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The study population included 14-18 year-old adolescents studying in high school of all three districts of Kathmandu Valley. An evaluation form was developed categorizing different levels of deep bite following WHO guidelines 1985 and accordingly data were recorded on it. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS for Windows, Version 23) in which p-values were calculated by Pearson Chi-Square Tests. Result: Out of 935 screened students, 89.6% had competent lips and 10.4% had Incompetent lips. Female showed 91.9% of competent lips and 8.1% of incompetent lips. Male showed 87.8% of competent lips and 12.2% of incompetent lips. Among different ethnic group for lip competency, Advasi/Tharu showed 0.2%, Brahmin/chettri showed 61.6%, Dalit showed 0.6, janajati- Hi showed 35.8%, Madhesi showed 0.7%,Muslim showed 0.6% and others showed 0.3%. Among Brahmin/chettri 56.4% showed competent lips, 5.22% showed incompetent lips. However among Janajati-Hi 30.7% showed competent lips, 5.12% showed incompetent lips. Conclusion: The Prevalence of competent lips was 89.6% and incompetent lips was 10.4%. Among Genders both female and male showed higher percent of competent lips than incompetent lips. However competent lips were more associated with females. Among ethnic groups , Brahmin/chhetri have 61.6% of lip competency whereas Janajati-Hi have 35.8%. Rest of the ethnic group have less than 1% of lip competency. Among Brahmin/chettri 56.4% have competent lips, 5.22% have incompetent lips where as Janajati-Hi 30.7% have competent lips, 5.12% have incompetent lips.

scholarly journals Malocclusion Pattern (Angle's) in Mauritian Orthodontic Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
B. H. Durgesh ◽  
Prashanth Prakash ◽  
Ravikumar Ramakrishnaiah ◽  
Basavaraj Subashchandra Phulari ◽  
Abdul Aziz A. Al Kheraif
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Chinese Ethnicity ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Study Population

The aim of the study was to assess the pattern of malocclusion in different ethnic group of Mauritian population visiting the Orthodontic Department at Mauras College of Dentistry and Hospital, Republic of Mauritius. The study population comprised of 624 patients who visited the orthodontic department during 2010. The clinical examination was conducted by a well-calibrated orthodontist. The data were recorded in the case sheets and was analyzed for presence of angles class I, class II, and class III malocclusion in both male and female patients of Asian, African, Caucasian, and Chinese ethnicity aged 5–55 years. Malocclusion was found to be high in females compared to males. 414 patients (150 male + 264 female) presented with class I, 182 patients (52 male + 130 female) presented with class II, and 28 patients (12 male + 16 female) presented with class III. Asian ethnic group were more affected and patient seeking orthodontic treatment was high in 11–15 years age group.

scholarly journals Correlation of frankfort horizontal with the sellanasion line angular data in different sagittal skeletal bases

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1088-1093
Author(s):  
Mathew Thomas Maliael ◽  
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Class I ◽  
Gender Dimorphism ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Beta Angle ◽  
Angular Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

It is of interest to establish the cephalometric correlation of angular data between frankfort horizontal and the sella-nasion line in different sagittal skeletal bases. Beta angle was used to divide the sample based on their sagittal skeletal base relationship. The FH-SN angle was measured for each group. The data were tabulated into IBM SPSS software. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test was done to test the normal distribution of the data. One-way ANOVA analysis was done to test the difference of the FH-SN angle among the groups. Independent samples t-Test was done to test for gender dimorphism. The mean FH-SN angle of the sample was 6.33°3.35°. The results of the One-Way ANOVA and independent samples t-Test were insignificant. Results show that is no statistically significant difference in FHSN angle between skeletal class I, II and III.The mean FH-SN angle of the sample was 6.33°3.35°. The distribution of the data was normal. The results of the One-Way ANOVA and Independent samples t-Test were insignificant. There was no statistically significant difference in FH-SN angle between skeletal class I, II and III.

scholarly journals Changes of pharyngeal airway size and hyoid bone position following orthodontic treatment of Class I bimaxillary protrusion

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingzhu Wang ◽  
Peizeng Jia ◽  
Nina K. Anderson ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Jiuxiang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
T Test ◽  
Class I ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Bimaxillary Protrusion ◽  
Maximum Anchorage ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives: To test the hypothesis that the sagittal position of the anterior teeth has no effect on pharyngeal airway dimension or hyoid bone position and to investigate the influence of orthodontic retraction of the anterior teeth on each section of pharynx and hyoid position. Materials and Methods: Forty-four Class I bimaxillary protrusion adults, treated with preadjusted appliances and maximum anchorage after extraction of four premolars, were divided into two groups according to their vertical craniofacial skeletal patterns. Pretreatment and posttreatment variables were compared using paired t-test, and the relationship between pharyngeal airway size and dentofacial variables was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. The changes of pharyngeal airway size and hyoid position after treatment were compared between two groups using independent t-test. Results: Upon retraction of the incisors, the upper and lower lips were retracted by 2.60 mm and 3.87 mm, respectively. The tip of upper incisor was retracted by 6.84 mm and lower incisor retracted by 4.95 mm. There was significant decrease in SPP-SPPW, U-MPW, TB-TPPW, V-LPW, VAL, C3H, and SH (P &lt; .05). No statistically significant different changes were observed in the dentofacial structures, pharyngeal airway, and hyoid position between the two groups after the treatment. There was a significant correlation between the retraction distance of lower incisor and the airway behind the soft palate, uvula, and tongue. Conclusions: The pharyngeal airway size became narrower after the treatment. Extraction of four premolars with retraction of incisors did affect velopharyngeal, glossopharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and hyoid position in bimaxillary protrusive adult patients.

scholarly journals Perubahan Posisi Mandibula pada Perawatan Kamuflase Maloklusi Kelas III Skeletal

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Sri Hartati ◽  
Heryumani JCP ◽  
Kuswahyuning Kuswahyuning
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
T Test ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Clockwise Rotation ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Mandibular Position ◽  
Paired T Test

Maloklusi kelas III skeletal pada umumnya memiliki hubungan rahang yang prognatik, yaitu mandibula terletak lebih maju dari maksila. Perawatan kamuflase non pembedahan pada pasien dewasa dengan maloklusi kelas III memerlukan pencabutan dua gigi premolar mandibula atau empat gigi premolar untuk memberikan ruang retraksi  gigi incisivus mandibula. Prinsip perawatan teknik Begg adalah mekanisme gaya differensial dengan menggunakan gaya yang ringan dan kontinyu. Penggunaan   elastik intermaksiler kelas III menyebabkan ekstrusi gigi molar atas, retrusi gigi insisivus bawah, rotasi mandibula searah jarum jam dan perubahan posisi kondilus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan linier dan anguler posisi mandibula pada perawatan kamuflase  maloklusi kelas III skeletal setelah dilakukan perawatan ortodontik dengan teknik Begg. Penelitian dilakukan pada 20 pasang sefalogram lateral dari subjek laki-laki dan perempuan usia 18-25 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Seluruh subjek yang dirawat dengan teknik Begg disertai pencabutan dua gigi premolar pertama bawah. Perubahan posisi mandibula ditentukan  dengan perubahan   titik Pg dan Pg. terhadap sumbu X dan sumbu Y sedangkan perubahan anguler dengan melihat perubahan sudut Y-axis. Data yang diperoleh dianalisisi dengan paired t test. Hasil penelitian perubahan posisi mandibula setelah perawatan ortodontik kamuflase  dengan alat cekat teknik Begg menunjukkan perubahan  yang bermakna (p<0,05).  Titik  Pg mengalami pergeseran ke arah posterior  dan inferior dan sudut Y-axis  mengalami peningkatan berarti terjadi rotasi searah jarum jam.Skeletal Class III malocclusion generally has prognatic jaw relationship. The mandibular is more forward than the maxilla. Camouflage non-surgical treatment in adult patients with Class III malocclusion required extraction of two mandibular premolars or four premolar teeth to give a space of mandibular incisors teeth retraction. The Begg technique treatment principle is the mechanism of differential force using light and continuous force. The use of inter-maxillary elastic Class III causes the extrusion of upper molars, retrusion of lower incisors, clockwise rotation of the mandible and changing of condyle position. This research aims to determine the linear changing and angular position of the mandible on the camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion after orthodontic treatment with Begg technique. The research was conducted on 20 pairs of lateral cephalogram of men and women aged 18-25 years who met the research criteria. All subjects were treated with Begg technique with extraction of two lower first premolars. The changing of mandibular position is determined by changing the point Pg and Pg. to X axis and Y axis, while the angular changing is determined by looking at the changing of Y-axis. The obtained data were analysed with paired t test analysis. The results show that there are significant changes in mandibular position after camouflage orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance of Begg technique (p<0,05). Pg point is shifted towards the posterior and inferior, and Y-axis angle increases. It means that the clockwise rotation has happened.

scholarly journals Retrospective Analysis of Different Bracket Systems used in the Treatment of Patients with Anterior Crowding: A Longitudinal Comparative Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 687-691
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Subudhi ◽  
Shipra Sepolia ◽  
Atul PS Kushwah ◽  
Amanpreet Singh Natt ◽  
Lipika Vashisht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
T Test ◽  
Class I ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Anterior Crowding ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Angle Class

ABSTRACT Introduction New design of brackets have been introduced in the field of orthodontics in the recent past, and one of such advancement is the self-ligating brackets. These brackets are said to have less friction, with a shorter period of treatment. Better patient acceptance and good treatment results are some of the other advantages offered by self-ligating brackets. Hence, we comparatively evaluated root resorption of anterior teeth by self-ligating and conventional preadjusted brackets in cases of severe anterior crowding in class I patients. Materials and methods The present study was carried out at the department of orthodontics in a dental institution and included 140 patients that presented with the chief complaint of Angle class I malocclusion with crowding of more than 6 mm in the anterior tooth region. Two groups were formed with 70 patients in each group. In one group self-ligating brackets were used, while in other group conventional brackets were used. Malmgren's method was sued for evaluating the root resorption score ranging from 0 to 4. All the results were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Chi-square test, nonpaired t-test, and paired t-test were used to evaluate the level of significance. Results The mean age of the patients in groups I and II was 13.92 and 13.81 years respectively. While comparing age of the patients and time duration of the treatment, no significant results were obtained. While comparing the root resorptions at various time intervals in groups I and II patients, significant results were obtained. While comparing the root resorptions in between groups I and II patients, no statistically significant results were obtained (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion Statistically similar amount of resorption is seen in patients in both the groups either on self-ligating brackets or on conventional preadjusted brackets during treatment of Angle class I patients with severe anterior crowding. Clinical significance In treating anterior crowding patients with Angle class I patients, choice of brackets has no effect on the amount of root resorption. How to cite this article Sepolia S, Kushwah APS, Natt AS, Vashisht L, Sahoo SK, Subudhi SK. Retrospective Analysis of Different Bracket Systems used in the Treatment of Patients with Anterior Crowding: A Longitudinal Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):687-691.

scholarly journals Reposisi Gigi Kaninus Impaksi Palatal pada Perawatan Ortodontik Cekat Teknik Begg

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Iwan Wirasatyawan ◽  
Soekarsono Hardjono ◽  
Sri Suparwitri
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Class I ◽  
Lateral Incisor ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Midline Shift ◽  
Maxillary Canine ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Impacted Canine ◽  
Lateral Incisor Agenesis

Impaksi palatal kaninus sering mengakibatkan keluhan secara estetis. Faktor genetik merupakan faktor yang dominan serta beberapa faktor yang lain yaitu diskrepansi lengkung gigi, ukuran gigi, retensi gigi desidui, kerusakan dini, pencabutan dini , posisi yang abnormal benih gigi, agenese incisivus lateral dan kista. Tujuan laporan kasus ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi tentang perawatan kasus impaksi palatal kaninus rahang atas pada maloklusi kelas I skeletal menggunakan alat cekat teknik Begg. Pasien perempuan umur 15 tahun, datang ke klinik ortodonsia RSGM Prof. Soedomo FKG UGM. Pemeriksaan subyektif, pasien terganggu dengan keadaan gigi depan yang maju dan bercelah. Pemeriksaan obyektif menunjukkan adanya rudimenter, agenese gigi incisivus lateral kanan dan kiri rahang atas, impaksi palatal kaninus kiri atas. Transposisi kaninus kanan atas ke ruang incisivus lateral kanan atas, pergeseran midline. Maloklusi angle kelas I dengan relasi skeletal kelas I dengan bimaksiler retrusif disertai protrusif incisivus maksila dan retrusif incisivus mandibula. Perawatan diawali dengan pencabutan gigi rudimenter. Tahap I menggunakan multiloop archwire untuk leveling dan unraveling gigi anterior, koreksi pergeseran midline. Tahap berikutnya adalah pemasangan button pada kaninus impaksi untuk mengaitkan kawat ligatur pada archwire yang berfungsi untuk menarik kaninus impaksi palatal pada lengkung gigi. Perawatan ortodontik pada kasus dengan impaksi palatal kaninus rahang atas pada maloklusi kelas I skeletal menggunakan alat cekat teknik Begg dapat dilakukan dengan hasil perawatan yang baik. ABSTRACT: Repositioning of Palatally Impacted Canine in Orthodontic Treatment Using Begg Fixed Appliance. Palatally impacted canine often leads to esthetic complaints. Genetic factor is dominant followed by such other factors as dental arch discrepancy, tooth size, retention of deciduous teeth, early decay, premature extraction, abnormal position of tooth germ, lateral incisor agenesis, and cysts. This article provides information about the treatment of palatally impacted maxillary canine case in a skeletal class I malocclusion using Begg fixed appliance technique. A 15-year-old female patient came to the orthodontia clinic of RSGM Prof. Soedomo FKG UGM. The subjective examination found that the patient was disturbed by her protrusive, gapped front teeth. Then, the objective examination indicated the presence of rudimentary, lateral incisor agenesis of right and left upper jaw, and upper left palatally impacted canine. In addition, there was a transposition of upper right canine to lateral incisor area as well as a midline shift. Angle class I malocclusion with class I skeletal relationship and bimaxillary retrusion along with maxillary incisor protrusion and mandibular incisor retrusion also occurred. The treatment began with rudimentary tooth extractions. The first stage used a multiloop archwire for leveling and unraveling of anterior teeth as well as correction of midline shift. The button attached to the impacted canine could tie the ligature wire to the archwire that served to attract the palatally impacted canine in the dental arch. The orthodontic treatment in cases of palatally impacted maxillary canine with skeletal class I malocclusion using Begg fixed appliance technique can be applied with a good treatment result.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Angular Changes of Canine in En Masse Retraction of Maxillary Anterior Teeth Using Power Arm and Titanium Mini-Implant - A Split Mouth Randomised Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 522-526
Author(s):  
Harshil Naresh Joshi ◽  
Santosh Kumar Goje ◽  
Narayan Kulkarni ◽  
Romil Shah ◽  
Samarth Chellani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Maxillary Canine ◽  
Premolar Extraction ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Implant Anchorage ◽  
En Masse Retraction

BACKGROUND This study was conducted to determine angular changes of maxillary canine in en masse retraction of anterior teeth in a new modified power arm with a conventional intraoral anchorage unit compared to a mini-implant anchorage in the first premolar extraction case. We wanted to compare angular changes of maxillary canine between modified conventional anchorage with a power arm and titanium mini-implant anchorage in en masse retraction. METHODS A total of 15 participants requiring maxillary first premolar extraction was selected for this study. In each participant, the en mass retraction was carried out with miniimplants on one side & modified conventional anchorage with a power arm on the other side. The choice of mode of retraction on the right and the left side was done based on the coin flip method. Angular position of the maxillary canine was evaluated on orthopantomogram (OPG) & diagnostic cast. RESULTS A mean disto-palatal rotation observed post retraction was of 9° on the conventional anchorage side & 9.86° on the mini-implant anchorage side. A mean difference in maxillary canine angulations post retraction was 1.13° on the conventional anchorage side and 0.93° on the mini-implant side. An increase in angle suggested the tipping of canine teeth. The difference was very small which was not statistically & clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in the type of tooth movement during retraction by miniimplant and power arm suggesting minimal variation in teeth movement in the anterior region. So, the choice mainly depends on the type of the anchorage required in the given clinical situation. KEY WORDS Anchorage, Mini-Implant, Power Arm, Type of Tooth Movement

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