scholarly journals Protein resources and aquafeed development in the Sultanate of Oman

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Stephen Goddard ◽  
Fahad Saleh Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Alternative Ingredients ◽  
By Catch ◽  
New Research ◽  
Micro Organisms

The continued growth of intensive aquaculture is dependent on the development of sustainable protein sources to replace conventional fish meals in aquafeeds. Practical alternatives are plant-derived protein, protein from micro-organisms and protein from under-utilized marine resources. The challenges are to find alternative ingredients with high protein, suitable amino acid content, high palatability and absence of anti-nutritional factors. There is considerable biotechnology-based research in this area, including genetic modification of plant-based proteins, use of probiotics to enhance digestibility and the renewed application of fermentation technologies to produce single cell proteins. Research in Oman is focused on the utilization of marine protein resources. Fisheries by-catch and processing waste have been evaluated as liquid hydrolysates and as meals for inclusion in aquafeeds and new research is planned on the utilization of meso-pelagic fish (myctophids), which occur in abundance in the Arabian Sea and the Sea of Oman. Initial studies have been conducted on the biochemical composition of the lantern fish, Benthosema pterotum, which revealed favorable protein, amino acid and long-chain PUFA content. Potential limiting factors were high levels of saturated lipids and the heavy metals arsenic and cadmium. These results will be discussed within a general review of marine resources and aquafeed development in Oman. 

scholarly journals Symbiotic bacteria enable insect to use a nutritionally inadequate diet

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1658) ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Akman Gündüz ◽  
A.E Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Symbiotic Bacterium ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Phloem Sap

Animals generally require a dietary supply of various nutrients (vitamins, essential amino acids, etc.) because their biosynthetic capabilities are limited. The capacity of aphids to use plant phloem sap, with low essential amino acid content, has been attributed to their symbiotic bacteria, Buchnera aphidicola , which can synthesize these nutrients; but this has not been demonstrated empirically. We demonstrate here that phloem sap obtained from the severed stylets of pea aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum feeding on Vicia faba plants generally provided inadequate amounts of at least one essential amino acid to support aphid growth. Complementary analyses using aphids reared on chemically defined diets with each amino acid individually omitted revealed that the capacity of the symbiotic bacterium B. aphidicola to synthesize essential amino acids exceeded the dietary deficit of all phloem amino acids except methionine. It is proposed that this shortfall of methionine was met by aphid usage of the non-protein amino acid 5-methylmethionine in the phloem sap. This study provides the first quantitative demonstration that bacterial symbiosis can meet the nutritional demand of plant-reared aphids. It shows how symbiosis with micro-organisms has enabled this group of animals to escape from the constraint of requiring a balanced dietary supply of amino acids.

A comparison of methods for determining the concentration of extracellular peptides in rumen fluid of sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Wallace ◽  
N. McKain
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Analysis ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Precipitate Protein ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

SUMMARYSamples of rumen fluid were removed from pairs of sheep on four grass-hay-based diets 7 h after feeding. Micro-organisms were sedimented by centrifugation and the cell-free supernatant was treated with perchloric acid (PCA) to precipitate protein. The remaining fluid was analysed for peptides by several methods to determine how much peptide escaped degradation. Ammonia interfered with analysis by amino group reagents, especially ninhydrin. In this respect,o-phthalaldehyde and trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid were more specific and more useful than ninhydrin. Use of all these reagents showed that significant quantities of amino groups (equivalent to up to 153 mg amino acid N/1 of rumen fluid) were released by hydrolysis of the PCA extract with 6 M-HCI for 24 h. However, fluorescamine analysis indicated that the peptide content of the unhydrolysed PCA extract was < 3 mg N/1. The true amino acid content of different extracts was resolved by chromatographic amino acid analysis: the sum of individual amino acid concentrations in acid-hydrolysed PCA extracts of extracellular rumen fluid ranged from 7·8 to 14·5 mg N/1. Thus most of the free amino N released by hydrolysis of the PCA extract was not from amino acids, and most of the amino acids that were released were originally present in a form that did not react with fluorescamine. Although none of the methods gave a reliable estimate of peptide concentrations, amino acid analysis provided an upper limit. It was therefore concluded that peptide concentrations in extracellular rumen fluid are much lower than indicated by previous ninhydrin estimations, and that little dietary peptide escapes degradation for a prolonged period in the rumen.

AMINO ACIDS PRESENT IN MALE-STERILE COTTONS (GOSSYPIUM)

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Sarvella ◽  
B. J. Stojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Protein Amino Acid

The leaves and flowers of several genetic and cytoplasmic male-sterile lines were examined for free and protein amino acid content. Fewer amino acids were observed in the leaves in the free amino acid fraction than in the protein fraction. In both samples leaves of all lines had a similar number and quantity of amino acids. Amino acid content in the protein fraction was lower in young buds than mature flowers. Differences in amino acids between normal and sterile flowers were more quantitative than qualitative.

Determination of free and protein amino acid content in microalgae by HPLC-DAD with pre-column derivatization and pressure hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 103999
Author(s):  
Michael Araya ◽  
Samantha García ◽  
José Rengel ◽  
Sebastián Pizarro ◽  
Gonzalo Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Protein Amino Acid

scholarly journals Spatial and Pregnancy-Related Changes in the Protein, Amino Acid, and Carbohydrate Composition of Bovine Oviduct Fluid

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Rodríguez-Alonso ◽  
Veronica Maillo ◽  
Omar Salvador Acuña ◽  
Rebeca López-Úbeda ◽  
Alejandro Torrecillas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Carbohydrate Composition ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Oviduct Fluid ◽  
Post Hoc

Knowledge of how the biochemical composition of the bovine oviduct is altered due to the oviduct anatomy or the presence of an embryo is lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of (І) oviduct anatomy and (ІІ) embryo presence on oviductal fluid (OF) protein, amino acid, and carbohydrate composition. Cross-bred beef heifers (n = 19) were synchronized and those in standing estrus were randomly allocated to a cyclic (non-bred) or pregnant (artificially inseminated) group. All heifers were slaughtered on Day 3 after estrus. The oviducts ipsilateral to the corpus luteum from each animal were isolated, straightened and cut, separating ampulla and isthmus. Each portion was flushed with 500 µl of PBS enabling recovery of the oocyte/embryo. Recovered unfertilized oocytes (cyclic group) and embryos (8-cell embryos; pregnant group) were located in the isthmus of the oviduct. Samples of flushing medium from the isthmus and ampulla were used for proteomic (n = 2 per group), amino acid (n = 5), and carbohydrate (n = 5) analysis. For proteomic analysis, total protein from cyclic and pregnant samples were labelled with different cyanine fluorescent probes and separated according to the isoelectric point using immobilized pH gradient strips (pH 3–10, 17 cm, Protean® IEF cell system, Bio Rad). Second dimension was performed in a polyacrylamide gel (12%) in the presence of SDS using a Protean II XL system (Bio Rad). Images were obtained with a Typhoon 9410 scanner and analyzed with Progenesis SameSpots software v 4.0. Amino acid content in the OF was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Glucose, lactate, and pyruvate were quantified using microfluorometric enzyme-linked assays. For the proteomic assessment, the results of the image analysis were compared by ANOVA. For both amino acid and carbohydrate analyses, statistical analysis was carried out by 2-way ANOVA with the Holm-Sidak nonparametric post hoc analysis. On Day 3 post-estrus, OF composition varied based on (І) anatomical region, where isthmic metabolites were present in lower (i.e., lactate, glycine, and alanine) or higher (i.e., arginine) concentrations compared to the ampulla; and (ІІ) embryo presence, which was correlated with greater, arginine, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, serum albumin, α-1-antiproteinase and IGL@ protein concentrations. In conclusion, data indicate that the composition of bovine OF is anatomically dynamic and influenced by the presence of an early embryo.

scholarly journals Biochemical profile of Boswellia serrata and Rhus mysorensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4-S) ◽  
pp. 131-133
Author(s):  
U.B. Kadam ◽  
K.M. Khalkar ◽  
V.B. Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Boswellia Serrata

The seasonal variation of proteins and amino acids content have been investigated from leaves, wood and bark of Boswellia serrata and Rhus mysorensis are the medicinal important plant of Laling forest Dhule district of Maharashtra. Comparative account of protein content of leaves, wood and bark of Rhus mysorensis showed higher level (range 1.897 to 2.754 mg/g dry wt.) than Boswellia serrata  (range 1.846 to 2.312 mg/g dry/wt.). Comparative account of amino acid content of leaves, wood and bark of Rhus mysorensis showed higher level (range 0.911 to 1.074 mg/g dry wt.)  than Boswellia serrata  (range 0.745 to 0.896 mg/g dry wt.). Keywords: Protein, amino acid ,  Boswellia serrata and Rhus mysorensis

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document