Prediction of lightweight aggregate concrete compressive strength using ultrasonic pulse velocity test through gene expression programming

This study analyses the deterioration of mechanical properties in lightweight concrete after exposure to room temperature (20 °C) and high temperature, i.e., up to 1000 °C, including changes in visual appearance, loss of mass, and compressive strength. All-lightweight shale ceramsite aggregate concrete (ALWAC) and semi-lightweight shale ceramsite aggregate concrete (SLWAC) are prepared using an absolute volume method to analyse the relationships between relative ultrasonic pulse velocity, loss rate of compressive strength, damage degree, and temperature levels. Our results show that, under high temperature, the lightweight aggregate ceramsite concrete performs better compared to normal concrete. After exposure to 1000 °C, the ALWAC shows a strength loss of no more than 80%, while the normal concrete loses its bearing capacity, with a similar strength loss as the SLWAC. Furthermore, the relative ultrasonic pulse velocity and damage degree are used to evaluate the effects of high temperature on the concretes, including the voids and cracks on the surface and inside of the specimens, which induces the deterioration of mechanical properties and contributes to the thermal decomposition of the cementing system and the loss of cohesion at the aggregate interface. Based on internal structure analyses, the results from this study confirm that the lightweight aggregate concrete shows a high residual compressive strength after exposure to the high temperature.

Download Full-text

PENGKAJIAN KEKUATAN BETON STRUKTUR JEMBATAN PASCA KEBAKARAN

Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Indonesia ◽

10.29122/jsti.v12i3.863 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Sudarmadi Sudarmadi

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Concrete Strength ◽

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽

Ultrasonic Pulse ◽

Pulse Velocity ◽

Test Results ◽

Concrete Compressive Strength ◽

Strength Assessment ◽

Concrete Testing

In this paper a case study about concrete strength assessment of bridge structure experiencing fire is discussed. Assessment methods include activities of visual inspection, concrete testing by Hammer Test, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test, and Core Test. Then, test results are compared with the requirement of RSNI T-12-2004. Test results show that surface concrete at the location of fire deteriorates so that its quality is decreased into the category of Very Poor with ultrasonic pulse velocity ranges between 1,14 – 1,74 km/s. From test results also it can be known that concrete compressive strength of inner part of bridge pier ranges about 267 – 274 kg/cm2 and concrete compressive strength of beam and plate experiencing fire directly is about 173 kg/cm2 and 159 kg/cm2. It can be concluded that surface concrete strength at the location of fire does not meet the requirement of RSNI T-12-2004. So, repair on surface concrete of pier, beam, and plate at the location of fire is required.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Concrete Compressive Strength by Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Test

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202131803004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 318 ◽

pp. 03004

Author(s):

AbdulMuttalib I. Said ◽

Baqer Abdul Hussein Ali

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Salt Content ◽

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽

Ultrasonic Pulse ◽

Pulse Velocity ◽

Experimental Program ◽

Concrete Compressive Strength ◽

Statistical Program ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Accurate Relation

This paper has carried out an experimental program to establish a relatively accurate relation between the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and the concrete compressive strength. The program involved testing concrete cubes of (100) mm and prisms of (100×100×300) cast with specified test variables. The samples are tested by using ultrasonic test equipment with two methods, direct ultrasonic pulse (DUPV) and surface (indirect) ultrasonic pulse (SUPV) for each sample. The obtained results were used as input data in the statistical program (SPSS) to predict the best equation representing the relation between the compressive strength and the ultrasonic pulse velocity. In this research 383 specimens were tested, and an exponential equation is proposed for this purpose. The statistical program has been used to prove which type of UPV is more suitable, the (SUPV) test or the (DUPV) test, to represent the relation between the ultrasonic pulse velocity and the concrete compressive strength. In this paper, the effect of salt content on the connection between the ultrasonic pulse velocity and the concrete compressive strength has also been studied.

Download Full-text

Analisis Hubungan Kecepatan Gelombang Dengan Kuat Tekan Beton Menggunakan Metode UPV

IJEIS (Indonesian Journal of Electronics and Instrumentation Systems) ◽

10.22146/ijeis.33414 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Anggia Eta Rizkiasari ◽

Abdul Rouf

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽

Ultrasonic Pulse ◽

Pulse Velocity ◽

Test Method ◽

Average Error ◽

Strength Testing ◽

Building Structures ◽

Concrete Compressive Strength ◽

Strength Based

Until now the use of concrete as a building material is still widely used for building structures. It is important to do concrete compressive strength testing as one of the factors to know the quality of a concrete. NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) is a method of solid quality testing without damaging the object. Testing with the NDT method is considered more efficient than the destructive test method. One method for performing NDT testing is by utilizing UPV (Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity).UPV is a method for estimating concrete compressive strength based on the ultrasonic pulse velocity relationship through concrete with the concrete compressive strength itself. UPV testing works by emitting ultrasonic pulses of 40 kHz through concrete to obtain the travel time of the pulse. Then the resulting time will be calculated the value of its speed and then will be converted into concrete compressive strength.Concrete compressive strength measurement system for high-quality concrete using UPV method can be designed by utilizing relation between ultrasonic pulse velocity with concrete compressive strength. Based on the test results, the average error value of concrete compressive strength testing is 3.04% with a maximum error of 6.63%.

Download Full-text

Estimating the Concrete Compressive Strength by Using the Concrete Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Moduli of Elasticity

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1164.77 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1164 ◽

pp. 77-86

Author(s):

Bogdan Bolborea ◽

Sorin Dan ◽

Claudiu Matei ◽

Aurelian Gruin ◽

Cornelia Baeră ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Ultrasonic Testing ◽

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽

Ultrasonic Pulse ◽

Pulse Velocity ◽

High Rate ◽

Concrete Compressive Strength ◽

Destructive Testing ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Moduli Of Elasticity

Developing a non-destructive method which delivers fast, accurate and non-invasive results regarding the concrete compressive strength, is an important issue, currently investigated by many researchers all over the world. Different methodologies, like using the simple non-destructive testing (NDT) or the fusion of different techniques approach, were taken into consideration in order to find the optimal, most suitable method. The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach in this direction. The methodology consists in predicting the concrete compressive strength through ultrasonic testing, for non-destructive determination of the dynamic and static moduli of elasticity. One important, basic assumption of the proposed methodology considers values provided by technical literature for concrete dynamic Poisson’s coefficient. The air-dry density was experimentally determined on concrete cores. The dynamic modulus of elasticity was also experimentally determined by using the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) method on concrete cores. Further on, the static modulus of elasticity and the concrete compressive strength can be mathematically calculated, by using the previously mentioned parameters. The experimental procedures were performed on concrete specimens, namely concrete cores extracted from the raft foundation of a multistorey building; initially they were subjected to the specific NDT, namely ultrasonic testing, and the validation of the results and the proposed methodology derives from the destructive testing of the specimens. The destructive testing is generally recognized as the most trustable method. The precision of the proposed method, established with respect to the destructive testing, revealed a high level of confidence, exceeding 90% (as mean value). It was noticed that even the cores with compressive strength outside of mean range interval (minimum and maximum values) presented high rate of precision, not influencing the overall result. The high rate of accuracy makes this method a suitable research background for further investigations, in order to establish a reliable NDT methodology which could substitute the very invasive and less convenient, destructive method.

Download Full-text

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH EVALUATION OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE WITH EXPANDED GLASS AGGREGATE BY ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY METHOD

Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction ◽

10.14455/isec.res.2020.7(1).mat-10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Christopher Collins ◽

Saman Hedjazi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Lightweight Concrete ◽

Lightweight Aggregate ◽

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽

Ultrasonic Pulse ◽

Pulse Velocity ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Normal Weight Concrete

In the present study, a non-destructive testing method was utilized to assess the mechanical properties of lightweight and normal-weight concrete specimens. The experiment program consisted of more than a hundred concrete specimens with the unit weight ranging from around 850 to 2250 kg/m3. Compressive strength tests were performed at the age of seven and twenty eight days. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) was the NDT that was implemented in this study to investigate the significance of the correlation between UPV and compressive strength of lightweight concrete specimens. Water to cement ratio (w/c), mix designs, aggregate volume, and the amount of normal weight coarse and fine aggregates replaced with lightweight aggregate, are the variables in this work. The lightweight aggregate used in this study, Poraver®, is a product of recycled glass materials. Furthermore, the validity of the current prediction methods in the literature was investigated including comparison between this study and an available expression in the literature on similar materials, for calculation of mechanical properties of lightweight concrete based on pulse velocity. It was observed that the recently developed empirical equation would better predict the compressive strength of lightweight concrete specimens in terms of the pulse velocity.

Download Full-text

Prediction Technique of Concrete Compressive Strength Using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Method and Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave Method

Advanced Science Letters ◽

10.1166/asl.2012.3922 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 556-559

Author(s):

Hong Seong Uk ◽

Jang Hyun Suk ◽

Back Sang Ki ◽

Cho Young Sang

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Spectral Analysis ◽

Surface Wave ◽

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽

Ultrasonic Pulse ◽

Pulse Velocity ◽

Wave Method ◽

Concrete Compressive Strength ◽

Prediction Technique ◽

Surface Wave Method

Download Full-text

Adapting ANNs in SONREB Test to Estimate Concrete Compressive Strength

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.792.166 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 792 ◽

pp. 166-169

Author(s):

Yu Ren Wang ◽

Loan T.Q. Ngo ◽

Yi Fan Shih ◽

Yen Ling Lu ◽

Yi Ming Chen

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Estimation Error ◽

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽

Ultrasonic Pulse ◽

Pulse Velocity ◽

Percentage Error ◽

Non Destructive Testing ◽

Concrete Compressive Strength ◽

Destructive Testing ◽

Non Destructive

SONREB method is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method for estimating the concrete compressive strength. It is conducted by combining two popular NDT methods: ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test and rebound hammer (RH) test. Several researches have been attempted to find the correlation of the different testing method data with actual compressive strength. This research proposes a new Artificial Intelligence based approach, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), to estimate the concrete compressive strength using the UPV and RH test data. Data from a total of 315 cylinder concrete samples are collected to develop and validate the ANFIS prediction model. The model prediction results are compared with actual compressive strength using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). With the adaption of ANFIS, the estimation error of SONREB test can be reduced to 5.98% (measured by MAPE).

Download Full-text