scholarly journals The Impact of Political Authority on Building the Architectural Image

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-117
Author(s):  
Basim Hasan Hashim Al-Majidi
Keyword(s):  
Research Problem ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
National Symbols ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Architectural studies differed about the concept of power in architecture according to the type of authority and the intellectual and theoretical orientations of these studies. Authority is one of the key factors influencing the formation of the identity of architecture. The building has its image or the effective way in the formation of its distinctive civilization structure, hence the purpose of the serach study the relationship (political power architecture), and study the potential of power and its impact on the architectural image. Here, the problem of research can be determined by (the lack of clarity of the comprehensive conceptual perception of the political and material capabilities of authority in building the architectural image). In the research problem, deals with a comprehensive conceptual framework which has constructed by addressing a series of studies, researches and international experiences that have reflected the influence of political authority on building the image of architecture, and thus adopting the vocabulary derived from the theoretical framework in analyzing a number of international and Arab's projects that reflect the effective role of authority in building and shaping the architectural identity of those buildings in particular and their reflection on the city in general. The results of this application and conclusions have analyzed, which showed the intentionally effect of political authority on the general taste of the governed group, through the conscious imitation of the vocabulary, forms and relationships of the physical image used by the ruling authority as models of economic power and dominance. The results have showed this effect unconsciously which lead to the production of replicable models in different places or models. It has counted as symbols for a specific period of time and then turn into national symbols that form the starting point of an architectural identity that symbolizes this era.

Geographies of the Protestant Reformation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Shared Space ◽  
Spatial Imagination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter considers the dynamic geography of Protestant Europe. It analyzes attempts to map the impact of Protestantism across the Continent, highlighting the difficulty of presenting any sort of reliable depiction of the complex ways in which Protestant and Catholic societies divided and shared space in Europe. It examines the relationship between Protestant confessional frontiers and state borders. It also considers key factors that help to explain the spread and extent of Protestantism focusing on the role of towns and of linguistic affinity. It concludes by referencing a text on traveling across Europe on the outbreak of the Thirty Years War to reflect on the spatial imagination of Protestants.

Practices of resistance: The Antwerp fashion scene and Walter Van Beirendonck’s subversion of masculinity

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
Nicola Brajato ◽  
Alexander Dhoest
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Creative Resistance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
A Site ◽  
Fashion Designers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The existing literature on the evolution of the Antwerp fashion scene is mainly concerned with the development of the Fashion Academy pedagogy from tradition to avant-garde, the role of the famous ‘Antwerp Six’ in putting the city under the international fashion spotlight, and the making of a specific cultural heritage which up to today continues to inspire young fashion designers. However, less has been said about its contribution to the redefinition of gender, and more specifically of masculinity. Consequently, the aim of the article is to contextualize Antwerp as a site for ‘creative resistance’ against the middle-class ideas of fashion, body and identity through the figure of Belgian designer Walter Van Beirendonck, articulating his contribution in deconstructing the normative understanding of the relationship between fashion and masculinity, providing a new metaphor to think about the process of body fashioning in everyday life. Therefore, Van Beirendonck’s creative practices as a sartorial form of resistance against the bourgeois understanding of masculinity and sexuality will be investigated through a qualitative analysis of visual and audio-visual archive materials generously provided by MoMu, the Antwerp fashion museum, showing how his creations are successful in stretching bodily borders and forming non-conventional masculinities. Far from offering an exhaustive overview of the field, the article constitutes a starting point for the understanding of a particular way of seeing the relationship between fashion, body and gender identity in the Antwerp fashion scene. Furthermore, it aims to stress the urgency to analyse the relevance of fashion in tackling issues of masculinity and the clothed body.

scholarly journals Travel Website Atmospheres Inducing Older Travelers’ Familiarity: The Moderating Role of Cognitive Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4812
Author(s):  
Soojung Kim ◽  
Yahua Bi ◽  
Insin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Revisit Intention ◽  
Cognitive Age ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

In the environment in which an increasing number of older travelers are participating in online tourism platforms, for older travelers who face multiple barriers in using e-commerce, it is essential to identify factors promoting older travelers’ website usage for their well-being and sustainable travel industry. This study aims to identify the key factors of website atmosphere for enhancing older travelers’ familiarity, investigate the relationship between older adults’ website familiarity and revisit intention, and test the moderating role of cognitive age. A web-based survey was conducted, and the sample consisted of 305 US residents 50 years of age and older who had experienced travel websites. The results indicated that three subdimensions of older travelers’ website familiarity—informativeness, effectiveness, and entertainment—positively influence their website familiarity. Additionally, the impact of informativeness on website familiarity is stronger for travelers who identify as younger than their chronological age. Moreover, older travelers’ familiarity with a website improves their revisit intention. The current study found not only significant travel website atmosphere factors to boost older travelers’ participation in online tourism platforms but also significant older travelers’ groups depending on their cognitive age perception to magnify the effect of website atmosphere.

scholarly journals Educational Competiotion as a Moderating variable of the relationship between electronic management and intelligent organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (32) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Ali Abdulhassan Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intelligent Organizations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The research aims to determine the modified role of Educational Competiotion  to enhance the impact of electronic management in intelligent organizations. The research started from several questions to know the interactive role of Educational Competiotion in enhancing electronic management and its impact on activating intelligent organizations. The research aimed to reach the essence of theoretical philosophy and the intellectual basis of these variables as one of the important issues in modern administrative thought. And its relationship and its direct and indirect effects were diagnosed through the modified role. The research sample consisted of a number of employees in Asia-Cell Company in the city of Karbala. Their number reached (129), and the questionnaire was used to collect data and a number of statistical methods were used to prove the validity of the hypotheses. The results were identical to the main hypothesis. On this basis, a number of conclusions were drawn, the most important of which was that Educational Competiotion modifies the positive relationship between electronic management and intelligent organizations. There should also be awareness-raising sessions on the importance of Educational Competiotion  to take advantage of opportunities and explore new opportunities.

Women and Democratization Conceptualizing Gender Relations in Transition Politics

1994 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Waylen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Women's Movements ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Satisfactory Analysis ◽  
Democratic Rule ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Key Questions

This article examines the impact of gender relations on democratization. It considers a number of key questions: what role do women's movements play in the transition to democratic rule and what impact does a return to competitive electoral politics have on women and women's movements. The starting point is a critique of the existing literature on democratization. That literature cannot provide a satisfactory analysis of the role of women in transition politics because of the narrow definitions of democracy used and the top-down focus of much of it. The article then develops a gendered analysis through a comparison of the different processes of transition in Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe. It highlights the significance of the relationship between civil society and the state and the existence of “political space.”

Indexing in hypertext environments: the role of user models

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Michael Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Material ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Index Structures ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
User Models ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Relationship

A growing interest in the application of hypertext (hypermedia) to the task of indexing reflects the increasing availability of online electronic material (text and text/graphics/video; CD), and a recognition that considerable benefits might arise from the application of hypermedia techniques (both in academic and commercial contexts). This paper considers the relationship between indexing and hypermedia on two fronts: Conceptualizing adequate models of index structures and indexing procedures; and establishing what readers do when accessing indexes. There is a range of explicit and implicit models (or abstractions) underlying databases, documents and indexes. A fundamental starting point for the development of substructure indexing tools for use with hypermedia is the precise specification of such models. Analysis of substructure indexing models will allow the identification of largely technical constraints (fundamentally linked to the system-derived parameters of particular computing systems), and conceptual constraints (intrinsic to the ’semantics’ of indexes and indexing procedures). Related also are aspects of the problem deriving from how indexes (the electronic form) can, and should be, presented. The first part of this paper considers a framework for the identification of such models. The second aspect of the research reported here concerns index use. A field study was conducted looking at the use accountants (N = 10) make of indexing facilities in a large financial services document. Task analysis highlighted the range of problems encountered, strategies employed and the kinds of solutions arrived at. The results indicate that there are six key factors underlying the ‘rule of thumb’ procedure users employ when interrogating an index. The implication for this study for the design of indexing tools within hypermedia environment are discussed.

scholarly journals It’s All Up to My Fellow Citizens. Descriptive Norms as a Decisive Mediator in the Relationship Between Infrastructure and Mobility Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Rollin ◽  
Sebastian Bamberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Online Experiment ◽  
Descriptive Norms ◽  
Online Experiments ◽  
Mobility Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Following the implementation of temporary pop-up bike lanes in Berlin, traffic counts by the city administration show an increased number of cyclists. This present paper aims to understand reasons behind this observation. To this end, we focus on the role of mobility-related descriptive social norms as mediators of this effect. Results from one correlational and two experimental online studies are reported. The correlational study confirms the expected association of mobility-related descriptive social norms and self-reported mobility behavior. Moreover, it demonstrates that, as expected, mobility-related descriptive social norms reliably reflect differences in cities’ objective transport structure and mediate the impact of these infrastructural differences on mobility behavior. Results from two online experiments provide additional causal evidence that participants use the visual cues provided by manipulated photos to form their perceived mobility-related descriptive social norms. Furthermore, the second online experiment provides evidence that the combination of infrastructural cues and observable mobility behavior has the strongest impact on perceived mobility-related descriptive social norms.

scholarly journals The Optimal Heights of Multi Families High Density Urban Housing (Case Study: Al-Ayadi Residential Complex in Baghdad)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-45
Author(s):  
Ahmed Nameer Taha ◽  
Kadhim Faris Dhumad
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
High Density ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Housing Density ◽  
Family Housing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This research dealt with the optimum heights of multi-family urban housing in the city of Baghdad. The research problem was represented by the lack of clarity of the relationship between housing density and the high-density multi-family housing heights, which led to some negative effects on the environmental, social, and physical levels. The aim of the research is to find suitable heights limits for multi-family housing buildings, to recommend their adoption within the framework of planning and design determinants and standards. For the purpose of solving the research problem and achieving its goals, a hypothesis has been developed stating that: The optimum height of the dense multi-family residential building is achieved in light of a balanced outcome of the impact factors produced by the density. By adopting the analytical descriptive approach, the research began by analyzing the type of multi-family housing, then studying the relationship between housing density as an independent variable, and height as a dependent variable. Then study the height in light of the effects produced by density, I mean the economic, social, environmental, and physical influences. From that, it was possible to extract indicators in the form (relative weights) to determine the optimization of heights, within the range specified by the densities. The practical study involved the application of the obtained indicators to determine the optimum heights of the residential buildings of the Al-Ayadi residential complex in the city of Baghdad. The results of the application showed that the economic influencer supports the high heights, and the social influencer supports the medium heights, while the environmental and physical influence support the lower ones. In total, the optimal rate of height in the complex, according to the study, is determined by a height of (5-8 floors), while the actual height reached (10) floors

scholarly journals Family and social development: Between the risk and the capital

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-279
Author(s):  
Ljubica Rajkovic ◽  
Vesna Miletic-Stepanovic
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Family ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This paper analyzes the relationship between family and social development in Serbia and Macedonia at the time of post-socialist transformation, stressing the ambivalence between risk and capital. The theoretical starting point is provided, first, by the theory of structuration by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and an analysis of traditional and modern patriarchate by feminists author Carol Patmen. The paper d eals with three issues: 1. the role of extended families; 2. retraditionalisation of the woman?s role in the family; and 3. violence against women as a health risk: the risks of birth control and symbolic risks (of strengthening traditional authority and marital power of men). The study relied on the following data sources: 1. statistical data for Serbia and Macedonia; 2. research findings by Vera Ehrlich, ?Family in the Transformation - the Study of Three Hundred Yugoslav Villages?; 3. findings from two sample investigations: a) the study by the Institute for Sociological Research of the Faculty of Philosophy on a representative sample, b) the study of the position of rural women on the sample of 580 rural families under observation in six districts of the central Serbia (Zlatiborski, Sumadijski, Rasinski, the City of Belgrade, Nisavski and Borski). Special attention will be paid to the regions of Macedonia along the border with Serbia - Poloski, Skopje and the Northeastern.

scholarly journals Employee Voice: The Missing Factor in Sustainable HRM?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9732
Author(s):  
Renee Paulet ◽  
Peter Holland ◽  
Andrew Bratton
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Employee Voice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Voice

Sustainable Human Resource Management (HRM), has the potential to facilitate organisations development of principles, policies and practices for the challenges of the 21st century. However, to do this we argue a fundamental element in this process has yet to be fully addressed and incorporated into the theory and practice of sustainable HRM; this is employee voice. Additionally, the actual and potential role of trade unions in facilitating employee voice is yet to be conceptualised within sustainable HRM literature. We argue that the development of effective employee voice mechanisms is vital in the implementation and maintenance of sustainable HRM. In this conceptual paper, we outline the nature of the voice architecture, the impact of the employment relationship on voice mechanisms, how it can be effectively measured, and propose a framework for further exploring these concepts. These key factors we identify as critical in implementing and assessing the effectiveness of the relationship between employee voice and sustainable HRM, to potentially serve as a basis of future research into sustainable HRM.

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