scholarly journals 1032 EFFICIENCY OF FERTILIZATION METHODS ON ORNAMENTALS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 576c-576
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Liquid Fertilization ◽  
Coated Fertilizer ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Spathiphyllum Schott. 'Mauna Loa Supreme' grown for 6 months in a fine sand soil or a 5 pine bark: 4 sedge peat: 1 sand medium (by volume) were fertilized with 7.6g N, 1.4g P, and 4.5g K/3.5-liter container by 4 different methods. The same raw fertilizer prills (21N-3P-12K) were applied weekly as a liquid, monthly as soluble granules, bimonthly as a lightly resin-coated fertilizer (Osmocote), or every 6 months as a heavily resin-coated fertilizer. All leachates were collected and were measured and analyzed weekly for N O3, PO4, and K. Spathiphyllum grew best in the sand soil with either of the controlled release formula- tions, but fertilization method had no effect on growth in the potting medium. Nitrate and K leaching losses from the potting medium were lowest from the controlled release fertilizers and highest from the soluble granules. Liquid fertilization resulted in the highest amounts of PO4 lost to leaching and controlled release fertilizers the least. In the fine sand soil, NO3 leaching was equivalent from all methods. Soluble granules had the highest levels of leached K and PO4 and the lightly-coated fertilizer lost the least due to leaching.

scholarly journals Nitrate, Phosphate, and Potassium Leaching from Container-grown Plants Fertilized by Several Methods

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Controlled Release Formulations ◽  
P Leaching ◽  
Liquid Fertilization ◽  
Over Time

Spathiphyllum Schott. `Mauna Loa Supreme' and areca palm (Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl.) were grown for 6 months in 3.5-liter containers using a pine bark–sedge peat–sand container medium or a native sand soil. Plants were fertilized with equivalent amounts of a 21N–3P–12K fertilizer applied weekly as a liquid, monthly as a soluble granular, bimonthly as a lightly coated controlled-release, or every 6 months as a heavily coated controlled-release fertilizer. All leachates were collected and analyzed weekly for NO3-N, PO4-P, and K. Amounts of all three nutrients leached per week varied considerably in response to fertilizer reapplications or high rainfall. Nitrate leaching generally decreased over time, PO4-P leaching increased, and K remained relatively constant. Shoot dry weights of spathiphyllum were equivalent for all fertilization methods, but areca palm shoot dry weights were highest with liquid fertilization and lowest with the soluble granular fertilizer. Nutrient leaching for all three ions was highest for the soluble granules and lowest for the two controlled-release formulations.

scholarly journals Leachate Nutrient Content and Growth of Two Hollies As Influenced by Controlled Release Fertilizers

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Ilex Cornuta ◽  
Source Rate ◽  
Liquid Fertilization ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of fertilizer source, rate of application, and method of application on the release of nutrients over time using the pour-through method and to determine the growth response of Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxt. ‘Burfordii’ and Ilex × ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly to different multicoated controlled release fertilizers (CRF). Depending on the rate of application used, the three CRFs used in this study [Osmocote 17N-3P-9.9K (17-7-12), Sierrablen 17N-3P-8.3K (17-7-10), and High-N 24N-1.7P-5.8K (24-4-7)] provided adequate concentrations of nutrients for a minimum of 90 days after treatment. Fertilizer source had no effect on the growth of either holly used in this study. Good growth of ‘Burfordii’ and ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly was obtained at the rate of 1. 5 kg N/m3 (2. 5 lb N/yd3). Linear relationships between NO3-N and electrical conductivity using the pour-through method were established for ‘Burfordii’((NO3-N = 414 (electrical conductivity)) and ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ ((NO3−N =−11.4 + 425 (electrical conductivity)). Results of this study indicate that the nutrient sufficiency values for liquid fertilization programs with the pour-through method need to be adjusted for use with multicoated CRFs.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE AND LIQUID FERTILIZATION ON LEATHERLEAF FERN AND NITROGEN LEACHING

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 582f-583
Author(s):  
Robert H. Stamps
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
One Year ◽  
Liquid Fertilization ◽  
Intact Soil

Established leatherleaf fern was grown for one year in a glasshouse in intact soil columns (Astatula fine sand, 21 × 61 cm) contained in drainage lysimeters. Columns were fertilized at rates of 224, 448, or 672 kg N ha-1 yr-1 using controlled-release (CR) fertilizer, either 360-day (360CR) or 180-day (180CR) term, or weekly applications of liquid (L) fertilizer. Water use, yield (number of harvestable fronds) and average frond weight increased linearly with increasing fertilization rate and more fronds were produced using L than CR fertilizers. Frond color measurements paralleled yield results. During cool weather when vase life is greatest, fronds from L fertilizer lysimeters lasted longer than fronds from CR treated plots. During warmer weather, treatments had no effect on vase life. Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching increased with fertilization rate and exceeded 10 ppm in leachate from the L and 180CR treatments at all application rates. NO3-N in leachate from 360CR lysimeters never exceeded 8 ppm at any application rate.

scholarly journals Substrate Nutrient Retention and Growth of Container-grown Plants in Clinoptilolitic Zeolite-amended Substrates

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Sand Soil

Downy jasmines [Jasminum multiflorum (Burm. f.) Andr.] and areca palms [Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.) Beentje & J. Dransf.] were grown in containers filled with a fine sand soil (SS) or with a pine bark-based potting substrate (PS). Each of these substrates was amended with 0%, 10%, or 20% clinoptilolitic zeolite (CZ) by volume. Plants were fertilized monthly with a water-nonsoluble 20N-4.3P-16.6K granular fertilizer. Downy jasmines were larger and had darker color in CZ-amended PS and were larger in CZ-amended SS than in nonamended SS or PS. Areca palms, which tend to be limited by K in SS had better color and larger size when the SS was amended with CZ. In PS, where K is seldom limiting, areca palms did not respond to CZ amendment of the PS. Both ammonium (NH4)-N and potassium (K) were retained against leaching by CZ, but some of the NH4-N adsorbed to CZ was subject to nitrification, either before or after its release into the soil solution. Some phosphate (PO4)-P was also retained by CZ.

scholarly journals Effects of Mulch Type and Fertilizer Placement on Weed Growth and Soil pH and Nutrient Content

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Weed Growth

Four different organic mulches were applied to 1-m2 plots of Margate fine sand soil that were irrigated three times per week. A 8N–0.9P–10K–4Mg controlled-release fertilizer was applied above or below these mulches to determine the effects of fertilizer placement on weed growth and soil pH, nitrate–nitrogen, ammonium–nitrogen, potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations. Unfertilized plots were used to determine mulch effects on soil pH and nutrient content. Fertilizer placement generally had no effect on any of these soil fertility parameters nor did it affect weed numbers. Cypress mulch increased soil K concentrations, and pine bark and eucalyptus mulch increased soil Mg over that of unmulched plots when no fertilizer was applied. The presence of any mulch type greatly reduced weed numbers over that of unmulched plots.

Nutrition and Fertilization of Palms in Containers

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2006 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Liquid Fertilization ◽  
Native Soils ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Palms growing in containers are susceptible to the same deficiencies that landscape palms experience, but the relative importance of the various deficiencies as well as their causes are different. Container substrates are generally more acidic and have greater nutrient-holding capacity than Florida native soils. Thus leaching and insolubility of nutrients are much less of a problem. Also, container-grown palms are often fertilized with more complete controlled-release fertilizers or regular liquid fertilization, which prevents most deficiencies from occurring. This document is ENH1010, one of a series of the Department of Environmental Horticulture, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date September 2005.  ENH1010/EP262: Nutrition and Fertilization of Palms in Containers (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Controlled-release Fertilizer Rate Influences Plant Growth, Flowering, and Tillering of Pennisetum alopecuroides

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 660b-660
Author(s):  
Mark H. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Dolomitic Lime ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Ornamental Grasses ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides

Information on fertility optimization for container-grown ornamental grasses is limited. For ornamental grasses, growers are concerned with the degree of flowering, number of tillers, and height and width of the plants as well as other growth or ornamental components. Pennisetum alopecuroides divisions potted into 8.5-L containers were grown outdoors in a container nursery from May through September. The potting medium used was a 3 aged pine bark: 2 peatmoss: 1 sand nursery mix (by volume), amended with dolomitic lime 3 kg/yard3. Sierra 17-6-10 plus minors, 8 to 9 month controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) was top dressed at 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60 g/container. Foliage height increased linearly with increasing CRF rate. Flower height increased to a maximum at 40 g of CRF per container and then decreased with higher levels of CRF. Basal plant width exhibited a quadratic response to CRF rate, reaching a maximum at 40 g of CRF per container. The greatest number of flowers and tillers were obtained using 50 g of CRF per container. Maximizing the number of flowers is important for marketing of Pennisetum, since this plant is grown primarily for its flowering.

scholarly journals A Novel Test for Evaluation of Controlled-release Fertilizers

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 675b-675
Author(s):  
Shiv K. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
No Release ◽  
Coated Fertilizer ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Various methods are used to evaluate the release characteristics of coated, controlled-release fertilizers. These methods include measuring the nutrients released into water or remaining in the prills or measuring the growth and nutrient content of the plants grown. Such methods do not show the release mechanism of the fertilizers. A simple test was developed that actually shows how nutrients are released from coated fertilizer prills that contain potassium. When prills of commercial products were placed in 1.5% aqueous solution of sodium tetraphenyl boron, potassium released from the prills combined with sodium tetraphenyl boron and formed a white precipitate. The precipitate patterns revealed that some new prills had large cracks or imperfect coating, thus releasing their nutrients instantly and prematurely. Over time, individual prills within the same fertilizer showed different release behaviors—from no release to release through tiny holes in the coating to release by rupture or bursting of the coating. This test is particularly useful for detecting coating defects during manufacture or subsequent damage to coating, as during incorporation of the prills into growing media. (Provisional patent application filed for this method.)

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