Insecticide Dips for Control of Japanese Beetle and Other Soil-Infesting White Grubs in B&B Nursery Stock

Abstract Studies conducted in 1996, 1998 and 1999 show that immersion of root balls in Dursban® (chlorpyrifos) significantly reduces the number of white grubs, particularly Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, in B&B (ball and burlap) nursery stock. In 1996, the influence of root ball size, soil type, and dip time on the efficacy of Dursban® 50WP, Dursban® 4E, and Oftanol® 2F (isofenphos) for white grub control in dipped B&B nursery stock was evaluated. The grubs found within the root balls were primarily oriental beetle, Exomala orientalis (Waterhouse), European chafer, Rhizotrogus majalis (Razoumowsky), Asiatic garden beetle, Maladera castanea (Arrow), northern masked chafer, Cyclocephala borealis Arrow and Japanese beetle. With one exception, all the insecticide treatments caused similar grub mortality (96–100%) in 61.0 and 81.3 cm (24 and 32 in) root balls, respectively, and in sand or clay soil. There were no significant differences in grub survival due to dip time (1, 2, and 5 min). However, there were consistently fewer live grubs recovered from the root balls dipped 2 or 5 min compared with the number of live grubs recovered from root balls dipped for 1 min. In 1998, trees with 30.5, 45.7 and 61.0 cm (12, 18 and 24 in) root balls were dipped in either 0.453 or 0.906 kg ai/378.5 liter (1 or 2 lbs ai/100 gal) of Dursban® 4E for 2 mins. Both rates of Dursban® provided 100% control of Japanese beetle grubs in all three root ball sizes. Five trees from each treatment were planted one week after dipping and were evaluated for phytotoxicity up to 12 months after dipping. Most of the trees with 30.5 cm (12 in) root balls dipped in Dursban® died. Three of five trees with 45.7 (18 in) root balls dipped in the low rate of Dursban® and all five root balls dipped in the high rate had small leaves. One tree dipped in the low rate and 2 trees dipped in the high rate died 12 months after dipping. All of the trees with 61.0 cm (24 in) root balls dipped in the low rate of Dursban® survived and showed no signs of phytotoxicity. Trees with the same root ball size dipped in the high rate of Dursban® exhibited smaller leaves in 3 of the 5 trees. In 1999, trees with 61.0 cm (24 in) root balls were dipped in either 0.453, 0.226 or 0.113 kg ai/378.5 liter (1, 0.5 or 0.25 lbs ai/100 gal) of Dursban® 4E for 2 mins. All rates of Dursban® provided 100% control of Japanese beetle grubs.

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Preventing White Grub Infestation in Container-Grown Nursery Stock

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-16.4.202 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 202-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David G. Nielsen ◽

Richard S. Cowles

Keyword(s):

Good Control ◽

Dry Weight ◽

The United States ◽

Popillia Japonica ◽

White Grub ◽

Japanese Beetle ◽

Complete Control ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Oriental Beetle ◽

Rhizotrogus Majalis

Abstract Preplant media incorporation of Talstar 0.2 G (bifenthrin) at 10 ppm (parts per million) or Fireban 1.5 G (tefluthrin) at 15 ppm, based on dry weight of the medium, provided complete control of Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman), oriental beetle [Exomala orientalis (Waterhouse)], and European chafer [Rhizotrogus majalis (Razoumowsky)] in container nursery plants for two growing seasons. Talstar 0.67 F drenched immediately after planting also prevented establishment of these species in containers for two growing seasons. Marathon 1 G (imidacloprid) preplant media incorporated at 6–17.8 g (a.i.)/m3, provided incomplete control, while Marathon 60 W was completely effective when drenched in mid-summer prior to inoculating the pots with eggs. Other granular products mixed into potting media, including 10 ppm of fipronil or Mach 2, or 150 g (a.i.)/m3 of Lorsban or SuSCon Green, provided good control for one season. Several treatments prevented establishment of Japanese but not oriental beetle grubs. Curative drenches were generally ineffective. Registered treatments providing two years of control (Talstar at 10–25 ppm) can be used by growers to prevent white grub larval establishment in containers. Their usage should allow shipment of treated plants throughout the United States and Canada.

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Life History of Oriental Beetle and Other Scarabs, and Occurrence of Tiphia vernalis in Ohio Nurseries

Journal of Entomological Science ◽

10.18474/0749-8004-42.3.329 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 329-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michael Reding ◽

Michael Klein

Keyword(s):

Life Histories ◽

Common Species ◽

Popillia Japonica ◽

Japanese Beetle ◽

Ornamental Tree ◽

Parasitism Rates ◽

History Of ◽

Oriental Beetle ◽

Anomala Orientalis ◽

Rhizotrogus Majalis

The oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis Waterhouse, is a serious pest of nursery crops in northern Ohio and a number of other states because the larvae damage plant roots. In 3 ornamental tree nurseries (field production) in Ohio, the composition of scarab larvae, their life histories, and parasitism rates were examined. Four exotic scarabs, Asiatic garden beetle (Maladera castanea Arrow), European chafer (Rhizotrogus majalis Razoumowsky), Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman), and oriental beetle, were found in this study. The oriental beetle and European chafer were the most common species found. Up to 60% of the oriental beetle population required 2 yrs to complete development, which is much higher than the commonly reported 15% or less in northeastern states. Tiphia vernalis Rohwer, an external parasite of oriental beetle and Japanese beetle larvae, was found in all nurseries surveyed. As much as 31% and 60% of the sampled oriental beetle and Japanese beetle populations, respectively, were parasitized, depending on date and nursery.

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Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of white grub, Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky, in laboratory and field

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-bja10015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 1111-1120

Author(s):

Wenxiu Guo ◽

Guoyu Zhao ◽

Congli Wang ◽

Xianhong Zhou ◽

Yifan Zhai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Application Rate ◽

High Rate ◽

White Grub ◽

White Grubs ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Peanut Production ◽

Environmentally Friendly Method

Summary Anomala corpulenta is one of the major white grubs that cause serious damages in peanut production. To develop an environmentally friendly method to control A. corpulenta larvae, the efficacy of species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), application rate and larval stage against A. corpulenta were determined. Results showed that Steinernema longicaudum X-7 and S. glaseri B-4-1 were the most virulent species, which caused 77.8 and 84.4% corrected mortalities of the 2nd instar larvae at 25°C 14 days after treatments. Corrected mortalities of A. corpulenta caused by EPN were significantly affected by EPN application rate. A decrease but no significant difference in susceptibility from the 2nd to the 3rd instar was observed for the test EPN species S. longicaudum, S. glaseri and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. The field experiments indicated that S. longicaudum and S. glaseri applied at a relatively high rate (⩾5.0 × 103 infective juveniles (IJ) plant−1, i.e., 7.5 × 108 IJ ha−1) were able to provide not only control efficacy against A. corpulenta with ⩾92.7% reduction of larvae and ⩽5.06% of damaged pods, and the peanut yield increase was as good as phoxim, but also gave better control persistency compared to phoxim. Our findings indicated that EPN could be an effective strategy for the management of A. corpulenta in peanut fields.

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Japanese Beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-in630-2005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2005 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Jamba Gyeltshen ◽

Amanda Hodges

Keyword(s):

Ornamental Plants ◽

The United States ◽

Cooperative Extension Service ◽

Extension Service ◽

Popillia Japonica ◽

Golf Courses ◽

Japanese Beetle ◽

White Grubs ◽

University Of Florida ◽

Field Crops

The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, is a widespread and destructive pest of turf, landscape, and ornamental plants in the United States. It is also a pest of several fruit, garden, and field crops, and has a total host range of more than 300 plant species. Adult Japanese beetles feed on foliage, flowers, and fruits. Leaves are typically skeletonized or left with only tough network of veins. The larvae, commonly known as white grubs, primarily feed on roots of grasses often destroying turf in lawns, parks, and golf courses. Currently the Japanese beetle is the most widespread pest of turfgrass and costs the turf and ornamental industry approximately $450 million each year in management alone (Potter and Held 2002). This document is EENY-350, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: June 2005. EENY350/IN630: Japanese Beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (ufl.edu)

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Management of Popillia japonica in container-grown nursery stock in Italy

Phytoparasitica ◽

10.1007/s12600-021-00948-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nicola Mori ◽

Giacomo Santoiemma ◽

Itamar Glazer ◽

Gianni Gilioli ◽

Mariangela Ciampitti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systems Approach ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Larval Survival ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Popillia Japonica ◽

Japanese Beetle ◽

Wild Plant Species ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

Nursery Plant ◽

Small Clusters

AbstractThe Japanese beetle Popillia japonica is an invasive alien species recently introduced and established in Northern Italy. Adult beetles are very polyphagous and feed on vines, fruit trees, forest trees, crops, vegetables, ornamental and wild plant species. Eggs are usually laid by females in moist grassland in the summer, singly or in small clusters. Larvae feed on roots and may be transported in soil of plants for planting grown in containers. Restrictions on movement of plants grown in containers from infested to non-infested areas imposed by phytosanitary regulations have a significant economic impact on the nursery industry. An innovative approach was used to exclude beetle oviposition by weed mulching available for container-grown nursery stocks, and by testing larval survival to the application of chemical (cypermethrin) and organic (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Metarhizium brunneum) commercial pesticides registered for European nurseries. The high effectiveness of the method makes it a suitable component of a systems approach strategy for pest risk management, in order to achieve a safe production and trade of nursery plant material in areas infested by the Japanese beetle.

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Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle).

10.1079/cpc.43599.20210104876 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Klein

Keyword(s):

New Jersey ◽

Mississippi River ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Popillia Japonica ◽

Rapid Rate ◽

Japanese Beetle ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Western Usa ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

The Usa

Abstract The Japanese beetle was first discovered in New Jersey, USA in 1916. It probably entered the USA as grubs with iris bulbs before 1912 when plant materials were first examined. Although not a pest in Japan, extensive, well-watered, turf, and a lack of parasites, allowed populations to rapidly build up and spread steadily west to the Mississippi River. The loss of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, and the end of the Federal quarantine on nursery stock, has allowed beetles to move into western states at a rapid rate. Beetles are pests of quarantine concern in the western USA and Europe. P. japonica was found on Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal in the 1980s. Again, extensive turf allowed establishment of beetles, population explosions, the infestation of that island, and subsequently of three more of the Azorean Islands. Beetles have moved considerably outside of the climatic conditions in their native Japan.

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Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle).

10.1079/isc.43599.20203373917 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Klein

Keyword(s):

New Jersey ◽

Mississippi River ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Popillia Japonica ◽

Rapid Rate ◽

Japanese Beetle ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Western Usa ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

The Usa

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Consequences of bacterial inoculation on the ovipositional behavior and development of Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) in bermudagrass

10.1603/ice.2016.114617 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

R. Murphey Coy

Keyword(s):

Popillia Japonica ◽

Bacterial Inoculation ◽

Japanese Beetle ◽

Ovipositional Behavior

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A Note on Groove Depth Changes Without Wear

Tire Science and Technology ◽

10.2346/1.2151016 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 10-12

Author(s):

F. C. Brenner

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Wear Test ◽

Groove Depth ◽

High Rate ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Wear Rates ◽

Weight Loss Method ◽

Loss Method ◽

And Storage ◽

Low Rate

Abstract Tread wear rates during first wear measured by groove depth and weight changes do not always agree. Sometimes, the groove depth method shows a high rate and the weight loss method a low rate. Reported here are experiments designed to determine if grooves show depth changes without wear. Four tires were measured before mounting on a wheel, after mounting and inflation, and after inflation and storage. The mounted and inflated tires showed shallower shoulder grooves and deeper center grooves than the unmounted tires. In a second experiment, tires were measured immediately after a tread wear test and then stored mounted for two weeks before remeasuring. Each groove became deeper, and there was no change in the crown radius of any tire.

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Combining High- and Low-Rate Geodetic Data Analysis for Unveiling Rapid Magma Transfer Feeding a Sequence of Violent Summit Paroxysms at Etna in Late 2015

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11104630 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 4630

Author(s):

Alessandro Bonforte ◽

Flavio Cannavò ◽

Salvatore Gambino ◽

Francesco Guglielmino

Keyword(s):

Ground Deformation ◽

High Rate ◽

Rate Data ◽

Scale Analysis ◽

Feeding System ◽

Magma Sources ◽

Mt Etna ◽

Multi Temporal ◽

Gnss Measurements ◽

Low Rate

We propose a multi-temporal-scale analysis of ground deformation data using both high-rate tilt and GNSS measurements and the DInSAR and daily GNSS solutions in order to investigate a sequence of four paroxysmal episodes of the Voragine crater occurring in December 2015 at Mt. Etna (Italy). The analysis aimed at inferring the magma sources feeding a sequence of very violent eruptions, in order to understand the dynamics and to image the shallow feeding system of the volcano that enabled such a rapid magma accumulation and discharge. The high-rate data allowed us to constrain the sources responsible for the fast and violent dynamics of each paroxysm, while the cumulated deformation measured by DInSAR and daily GNSS solutions, over a period of 12 days encompassing the entire eruptive sequence, also showed the deeper part of the source involved in the considered period, where magma was stored. We defined the dynamics and rates of the magma transfer, with a middle-depth storage of gas-rich magma that charges, more or less continuously, a shallower level where magma stops temporarily, accumulating pressure due to the gas exsolution. This machine-gun-like mechanism could represent a general conceptual model for similar events at Etna and at all volcanoes.

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