Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of white grub, Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky, in laboratory and field

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1111-1120
Author(s):  
Wenxiu Guo ◽  
Guoyu Zhao ◽  
Congli Wang ◽  
Xianhong Zhou ◽  
Yifan Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
White Grub ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Method

Summary Anomala corpulenta is one of the major white grubs that cause serious damages in peanut production. To develop an environmentally friendly method to control A. corpulenta larvae, the efficacy of species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), application rate and larval stage against A. corpulenta were determined. Results showed that Steinernema longicaudum X-7 and S. glaseri B-4-1 were the most virulent species, which caused 77.8 and 84.4% corrected mortalities of the 2nd instar larvae at 25°C 14 days after treatments. Corrected mortalities of A. corpulenta caused by EPN were significantly affected by EPN application rate. A decrease but no significant difference in susceptibility from the 2nd to the 3rd instar was observed for the test EPN species S. longicaudum, S. glaseri and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. The field experiments indicated that S. longicaudum and S. glaseri applied at a relatively high rate (⩾5.0 × 103 infective juveniles (IJ) plant−1, i.e., 7.5 × 108 IJ ha−1) were able to provide not only control efficacy against A. corpulenta with ⩾92.7% reduction of larvae and ⩽5.06% of damaged pods, and the peanut yield increase was as good as phoxim, but also gave better control persistency compared to phoxim. Our findings indicated that EPN could be an effective strategy for the management of A. corpulenta in peanut fields.

Effect of combined use of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer on the performance of rice under flood-prone lowland conditions

1999 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. GHOSH ◽  
A. R. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Application Rate ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Central Rice Research Institute

Field experiments were conducted during the wet seasons of 1995 and 1996 at the Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Orissa, India using two rice cultivars, Matangini (improved) and Champaisali (local) to study the advantages of organic manuring in conjunction with inorganic fertilizer with the objective of enhancing rice productivity under semi-deep (0–65 cm) lowland conditions. In 1995, application of 10 t FYM/ha increased grain yield compared with no FYM. The yield produced with FYM alone was similar to the yield following the application of N fertilizer at 20 and 40 kg/ha. There was no significant difference in grain yield due to the application of 20 and 40 kg N/ha in plots treated with FYM. Nitrogen fertilization was effective only when FYM was not applied. In 1996, FYM application alone or in combination with N fertilizer had a beneficial effect on crop growth and grain yield. This was contrary to the results obtained in 1995 when N fertilization at 20–40 kg/ha did not prove beneficial in plots where FYM was applied. The yield due to application of FYM alone was similar to that from the application of 40 kg N/ha as urea. However, the maximum yield was produced when FYM application was supplemented with 40 kg N/ha. There was a significant interaction between N application rate and cultivar. Cultivar Matangini outyielded Champaisali in both years.

scholarly journals Effect of Long-Term N, P, and K Fertilizer Application on the Grain Yield of Spring Barley Grown in Different Soil and Climate Conditions: Results from Čáslav, Lukavec and Ivanovice 2005-2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Petr Šrek ◽  
Eva Kunzová
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
K Fertilizer

Effect of Long-Term N, P, and K Fertilizer Application on the Grain Yield of Spring Barley Grown in Different Soil and Climate Conditions: Results from Čáslav, Lukavec and Ivanovice 2005-2008The effect of N, P and K application on the grain yield of spring barley in 2005-2008 within three long-term field experiments (Čáslav, Ivanovice, Lukavec) was evaluated. In these experiments, nitrogen at rates of 50, 77.6, 105 and 132.5 kg N ha-1, phosphorus at rates of 14 and 29.4 kg P ha-1and potassium at 59 and 96.4 kg K ha-1was annually applied to the treat-ments during that period. Four years summarizing shows that the optimal application rate of fertilizers resulting in a grain yield above 6 t ha-1was 105 kg N ha-1, 14 kg P ha-1and 96.4 kg K ha-1in Čáslav and above 7 t ha-1was 78 kg N ha-1, 14 kg P ha-1and 59 kg K ha-1in Ivanovice. The rate of N 132.5 kg ha-1in Lukavec increased the grain yield more than three-fold (from 1.94 to 6.12 t ha-1) and probably was not sufficient to obtain the highest grain yield in this locality. No significant difference was recorded between grain yields in P and K fertilizing treatments in any of the three stations. The key result is that degraded chernozem (in Ivanovice) and greyic phaeozem (in Čáslav) demonstrate a high and long-term stable natural fertility, but yields of spring barley of low productive sandy-loamy Cambisol is strongly affected by high rates of nitrogen application.

Field experiments on the magnesium requirement of potatoes in Great Britain

1962 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. J. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Normal Rate ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Very High

1. During the years 1954–57 thirty field experiments were carried out on the magnesium requirement of main crop potatoes; eighteen covered a range of typical potato soils while the remainder were sited on sands and loams. In nine of the experiments the effect of heavy applications of potash on magnesium requirements was also investigated.2. Magnesium application to the seed-bed as kieserite raised yield in four of the experiments; the largest yield increase was 2·15 ton/acre of tubers from 45·lb./acre of MgO. Apart from these four experiments there was also a small mean increase in yield over all the remaining sites.3. Application of a very high rate of potash depressed yield compared with a normal rate, but only in one experiment could this be attributed to induced magnesium deficiency, and there was no indication of such an effect in the average results.

scholarly journals Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in Insect Monitoring: Acoustic Technique in Insect Monitoring (A Review/Survey)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.36) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Saleh ◽  
Muhammad Sani Yahya ◽  
Ishaq Abdul Dalyop ◽  
Rashid Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Virtual Instrument ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
White Grub ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Insect Monitoring ◽  
The Impact

Eco-friendly and effective method of white grub control is needed to reduce the impact of pesticide on the environment and the cost of control.  The use of nematode as a biological agent to control larvae under soil was positive. The challenge is about the accuracy in time, location and amount of biological control agent required for control at initial infestation of the harmful insects, to reduce the damage the use of wireless sensor network (WSN) is required. Work carried out, sent at a threshold value of CO2 under the soil determine from lab to greenhouse to open field experiments. Initial stage detection of these insects life cycle is required for accurate time and location for control of these insect pests for resource effectiveness. This location can be communicated to a mobile phone via Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) with Global Packet Radio Service modules (GPRS). Next challenge is to quantify the CO2 level from the white grubs as part of soil respiration, and to estimate their population. The farmers could be trained as listeners to survey for acoustic evidence of insects and to identify them by distinctive spectral and temporal pattern. Acoustic detection can be used to estimate the population of white grubs. A hypothesis of 90% success of the combination of CO2 burstsensing from white grubs (GMM221 sensor) as a generic signal with volatile compound as a specific signal from plant roots under insect attack and using Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) is considered. In the future, a universal sensor is to be developed for high accuracy with LabVIEW monitoring interface.  

scholarly journals Effect on yield, total phenolic, total flavonoid and total isothiocyanate content of two broccoli cultivars (Brassica oleraceae var italica) following the application of a commercial brown seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum)

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Lola-Luz ◽  
Franck Hennequart ◽  
Michael Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Yield Increase

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of an unfortified extract, of Ascophyllum nodosum on yield and nutritional quality of two broccoli cultivars (‘Ironman’ and ‘Red Admiral’). Total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total isothiocyanates content were higher in all seaweed treatments compared to the untreated control. In ‘Ironman’ there was a 2.2 fold increase in total phenolic, 1.5 fold in total flavonoid and 2.6 fold in total isothiocyanates content, in the higher application rate compared to the control. Similarly in ‘Red Admiral’, there was a 2.3 fold increase in total phenolic, 2.6 fold in total flavonoid and, 2.2 fold in total isothiocyanates content. There was a consistent effect on the increase of total phenolic, total flavonoid and total isothiocyanates content, while there was no yield increase recorded at the lower seaweed application rate. Results suggest that application of seaweed extracts can significantly increase the amount of phytochemicals and improve the nutritional quality of broccoli.

scholarly journals Insecticide Dips for Control of Japanese Beetle and Other Soil-Infesting White Grubs in B&B Nursery Stock

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharine M. Mannion ◽  
Win McLane ◽  
Michael G. Klein ◽  
David G. Nielsen ◽  
Daniel A. Herms
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Ball Size ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Oriental Beetle ◽  
Rhizotrogus Majalis ◽  
Low Rate

Abstract Studies conducted in 1996, 1998 and 1999 show that immersion of root balls in Dursban® (chlorpyrifos) significantly reduces the number of white grubs, particularly Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, in B&B (ball and burlap) nursery stock. In 1996, the influence of root ball size, soil type, and dip time on the efficacy of Dursban® 50WP, Dursban® 4E, and Oftanol® 2F (isofenphos) for white grub control in dipped B&B nursery stock was evaluated. The grubs found within the root balls were primarily oriental beetle, Exomala orientalis (Waterhouse), European chafer, Rhizotrogus majalis (Razoumowsky), Asiatic garden beetle, Maladera castanea (Arrow), northern masked chafer, Cyclocephala borealis Arrow and Japanese beetle. With one exception, all the insecticide treatments caused similar grub mortality (96–100%) in 61.0 and 81.3 cm (24 and 32 in) root balls, respectively, and in sand or clay soil. There were no significant differences in grub survival due to dip time (1, 2, and 5 min). However, there were consistently fewer live grubs recovered from the root balls dipped 2 or 5 min compared with the number of live grubs recovered from root balls dipped for 1 min. In 1998, trees with 30.5, 45.7 and 61.0 cm (12, 18 and 24 in) root balls were dipped in either 0.453 or 0.906 kg ai/378.5 liter (1 or 2 lbs ai/100 gal) of Dursban® 4E for 2 mins. Both rates of Dursban® provided 100% control of Japanese beetle grubs in all three root ball sizes. Five trees from each treatment were planted one week after dipping and were evaluated for phytotoxicity up to 12 months after dipping. Most of the trees with 30.5 cm (12 in) root balls dipped in Dursban® died. Three of five trees with 45.7 (18 in) root balls dipped in the low rate of Dursban® and all five root balls dipped in the high rate had small leaves. One tree dipped in the low rate and 2 trees dipped in the high rate died 12 months after dipping. All of the trees with 61.0 cm (24 in) root balls dipped in the low rate of Dursban® survived and showed no signs of phytotoxicity. Trees with the same root ball size dipped in the high rate of Dursban® exhibited smaller leaves in 3 of the 5 trees. In 1999, trees with 61.0 cm (24 in) root balls were dipped in either 0.453, 0.226 or 0.113 kg ai/378.5 liter (1, 0.5 or 0.25 lbs ai/100 gal) of Dursban® 4E for 2 mins. All rates of Dursban® provided 100% control of Japanese beetle grubs.

scholarly journals Area wide management of white grub Holotrichia consanguinea Blachard through IPM modules in groundnut

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Bhut JB ◽  
◽  
Jethva DM ◽  
Naggana R ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Castor Cake ◽  
Block Tree

Field experiments were conducted on groundnut for white grub Holotrichia consanguinea Blachard management using different IPM components in Gujarat during kharif 2018 and 2019. Two different eco-friendly modules were evaluated and compare with farmers practices. In Module I included on set of monsoon, spraying of chlorpyrifos 20 EC @ 0.04% on surrounding trees, seed treatment of chlorpyrifos 20 EC @ 20 ml/kg, Placement of aggregation pheromone on host tree (5 block/tree), Soil application of Beauveria bassiana @ 5 kg ha-1 (Min. 2 x 106 CFU/g) + castor cake (250 kg ha-1) before sowing, Application of B. bassiana @ 5 kg ha-1 in plant row with FYM (250 kg ha-1) after 30 days of germination. While Module II used Metarhizium anisopliae instead of B. bassiana. While in farmers practices included application of chlorpyriphos 10 G @ 10 kg ha-1 with urea at initiation of pest attack. Among the evaluated two ecofriendly module and farmers practices the lowest per cent plant mortality (3.03 %) and 0.56 grub/m2 was recorded in Module II. The highest pod and halum yield 2180 and 3942 kg ha-1, yield increase over control 31.00 and 39.37 %, avoidable loss 23.67 and 28.25% was recorded in module II. The maximum (32474 Rs/ha) net realization was found in the treatment of Module II. Looking to the NICBR, the highest (1:5.35) return was obtained with the treatment of Module II followed by Module I (1:2.93)

CHEMICAL1 CONTROL OF THREE WHITE GRUB SPECIES (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) ATTACKING FRASER FIR CHRISTMAS TREES IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Bradford M. R. Kard ◽  
Fred P. Hain
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Levels Of Control

Field experiments were conducted in 1982, 1983, and 1984 to evaluate the efficacy of several insecticides for controlling white grubs infesting Fraser fir, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir., Christmas trees and pastureland scheduled for fir plantings, and to evaluate insecticide phytotoxicity. The white grub complex consisted primarily of three species: Pyllophaga anxia (LeConte) Glasgow, P. fusca (Froelich) Glasgow, and Polyphylla comes Casey. Mean pretreatment white grub population densities ranged from 20.8 to 77.8 grubs per m2. Isazophos, diazinon, carbofuran, carbaryl, trichlorfon, chlorpyrifos, and isofenphos demonstrated a wide range of effectiveness in reducing populations while showing no phytotoxicity to grass sod or fir. Isazophos and diazinon applications provided the highest levels of control.

HERB and MSU-HERB Field Validation for Soybean (Glycine max) Weed Control in Mississippi

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Rankins ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
John D. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Loss Prediction ◽  
Growing Conditions

In 1994, herbicide efficacy and competitive index databases were adjusted in the soybean herbicide recommendation program HERB to best reflect data for Mississippi. Field experiments were conducted to compare efficacy and economics of postemergence herbicides recommended by HERB and MSU-HERB. The study was conducted utilizing four locations over 2 yr, which provided different soil types, weed spectra, and environmental conditions with which to evaluate weed control from herbicides recommended by these programs. HERB and MSU-HERB agreed on an herbicide recommendation in 62% of the modeling runs. Herbicides recommended by both software versions were generally effective for controlling the predominant weed species at each location. In instances where there was a significant difference in herbicide efficacy between herbicides recommended by HERB and MSU-HERB, improved weed control resulted from herbicides recommended by MSU-HERB. In 1994, excellent moisture conditions enabled soybean to gain a significant competitive advantage over weeds and, as a result, yield loss predictions after treatment were overestimated in most instances. Conversely, 1995 environmental conditions better represented average Mississippi growing conditions, and yield loss predictions after treatment were more accurate. Yield loss prediction accuracy of HERB versions was related to the length of interference between soybean and weeds. Thus, prediction accuracy of HERB and MSU-HERB was similar. Soybean yield increase and net economic gain following MSU-HERB recommendations was as high or higher than following HERB recommendations.

scholarly journals Effects of Sodium Carbonate on Striga hermonthica Del. Infestation and Agro-morphological Parameters of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Cameroun

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
C. Ndouyang ◽  
D. R. Braogue ◽  
T. J. B. Noubissié
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Kernel Yield

Sorghum bicolor is the main food widely used to feed millions of people in Central and West Africa. Sorghum production in Sub-Saharan Africa is limited by biotic factors including the parasitic witchweed Striga hermonthica. In Northern Cameroon chemical and organic fertilizers, biological methods and cultivation practices were used by farmers to control Striga hermonthica in field. Some farmers spread sodium carbonate salt (locally named natron or kilbou) in high rates in fields to reduce parasite infestation but in high rate. This salt plays an important role in soil pH buffering. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of different rates of natron on striga emergence and on agro-morphological parameters of sorghum using a susceptible genotype GD-MP04. Field experiments have been conducted from 2017 to 2018 at Touboro, Mayo-Rey Division in the North Region located between longitude 13°34’; 12°07’ East and latitude 7°21’; 15°01’North. The experimental design was a complete randomized bloc with pots (11 m × 11 m) filled with soil naturally infected by striga seeds and different rates of sodium carbonate (0 g, 2 g, 4 g, 6 g, 8 g, 10 g and 12 g per 5 dm3 of soil) were employed. The numbers of emerged striga and sorghum parameters were evaluated. Results showed that striga-infestation and agro-morphological parameters of sorghum varied significantly (p <0.05) with rates of sodium carbonate. The mean number of emerged striga plants per pot varied from 0.08 in pot of 2 g of salt to 5.4 in the control. The number of sorghum leaves per plant, stem diameter, sorghum height, panicle weight and sorghum kernel yield varied significantly (p <0.05) with natron application rate. The application of 2 g of sodium carbonate per pot was the optimal rate to control Striga hermonthica and improve the main agro-morphological parameters of sorghum with 78.27% increase in g of kernel yield and simultaneously inhibited striga infestation by 98.62%. Application of 2 g of sodium carbonate in area naturally infested by striga for improving sorghum yield is required.

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